• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

Background: Foodborne disease outbreaks from various food sources are a major health concern worldwide. Current methods for detection of foodborne pathogens are both expensive and time-consuming. Purpose: This review aims to present the current information available on the use of lateral flow test strips to detect pathogens in food products to enhance food safety. Results: Frequent foodborne disease outbreaks from various food sources have increased the need for rapid and easy methods for routine analysis of foodborne pathogens. Present detection methods for foodborne pathogens require expensive instruments, experts, and long time for sample analysis. Lateral flow test strips have drawn attention in recent years because of their ability to detect analytes quickly and easily. This review focuses on the principle of the lateral flow test, the various formats of lateral flow test strips, recognition elements, labeling tags, and reading instruments. In addition, this review also discusses the future prospects for the lateral flow test strips.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a lateral flow strip sensor for the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in various samples. Also, feasibility of using an image analysis method to improve the interpretation of the strip sensor was evaluated. Methods: The lateral flow strip sensor has been fabricated based on nitrocellulose lateral-flow membrane. Colloidal gold and E. coli O157:H7 antibodies were used as a tag and a receptor, respectively. Manually spotted E. coli O157:H7 antibody and anti-mouse antibody on nitrocellulose membrane were used as test and control dots, respectively. Feasibility of the lateral flow strip sensor to detect E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated with serially diluted E. coli O157:H7 cells in PBS or food samples. Test results of the lateral flow strip sensor were measured with an image analysis method. Results: The intensity of the test dot started to increase with higher concentration of the cells were introduced. The sensitivities of the sensor were both $10^4$ CFU/mL Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked in PBS and in chicken meat extract, respectively. Conclusions: The lateral flow strip sensor and image analysis method could detect E. coli O157:H7 in 20 min, which is significantly quicker than conventional plate counting method.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.549-557
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• 2019

Staphylococcal enterotoxin is a very common cause of food poisoning. Conventional detection methods for the toxin including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), chemiluminescence (ECL), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays require a lot of time, efforts, and expert technicians. Lateral flow strip kits have shown great potential for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. The lateral flow strip kit is widely used in clinical settings because it is easy to use, fast, and cost effective. A typical lateral flow strip kit uses colloidal gold to generate a visual signal. However, the lateral flow strip kit based on colloidal gold has limited sensitivity to fulfill food safety regulation requirements. This study was performed to develop a rapid test kit for pathogenic staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food samples. The rapid detection kit was fabricated based on a nitrocellulose lateral-flow strip. Cellulose nano beads and SEB antibodies were used as the tag and receptor, respectively, to improve the detection performance. Manually spotted SEB antibody and anti-rabbit antibody on the surface of the nitrocellulose membrane were used as test and control spots, respectively. The feasibility of the rapid test kit to detect SEB in samples was evaluated. The sensitivity of the kit was 10 ng/mL SEB spiked in PBS. Additionally, the rapid test kit could detect 1 ng/mL of SEB in chicken meat extract.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

It is well known all much information for evaluation on possibility of liquefaction and lateral flow for sand over the world. Recently, it is started to be known that liquefaction happens on non-plastic silt, too. But cyclic and post-cyclic characteristics for non-plastic silt is a few familiar to the world. Specially, it is not aware of the estimating method for lateral flow on non-plastic silt. The main purpose in this paper is to propose the evaluation for liquefaction and lateral flow on non-plastic silt. The method used in this research is that possibility for liquefaction on non-plastic silt was evaluated with cyclic direct simple shear test, and then residental strength was estimated with static shear test. Through the test results liquefaction on non-plastic silt is well not happened but strength decreases rapidly with increasing shear stress. With the proposed method it can be evaluated possibility of liquefaction and propose lateral flow.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2004

A low-cost, simple strip reader system using a linear movement mechanism of CD-ROM deck has been developed to characterize a lateral flow membrane-based immunochromatographic assay. The test strip reader was assembled by a CD-ROM deck and home-made optical head especially designed for immunoassays. The optical head for detecting reflected light from the test strip surface consists of green light-emitting diode, large area silicon photodiode, and anodized aluminum mounting block providing a slit structure for cutting light from the LED. The stepping motor of the deck was operated in the full step mode, whose distance of each reading point is about 0.15mm. The performance of the strip reader was tested by analysis of HBV(hepatitis B virus) antigen test kit. This strip reader can be useful for inexpensive, disposable, and membrane-based assays that provide visual evidence of the presence of an analyte in a liquid sample.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2023

The model production for large-scale (lateral length ≥ 2.0 m) capillary barrier (CB) model tests is time and cost-intensive. To address these limitations, the framework of a small-scale CB (SSCB) model test under the lateral no-flow condition has been established. In this study, to validate the experimental methodology of the SSCB model test, a series of seepage analyses on the SSCB model test and engineered slopes in the same and additional test conditions was performed. First, the seepage behavior and diversion length (L_D) of the CB system were investigated under three rainfall conditions. In the seepage analysis for the engineered slopes with different slope angles and sand layer thicknesses, the L_D increased with the increase in the slope angle and sand layer thickness, although the increase rate of the L_D with the sand layer thickness exhibited an upper limit. The L_D values from the seepage analysis agreed well with the results estimated from the laboratory SSCB mode test. Therefore, it can be concluded that the experimental methodology of the SSCB model test is one of the promising alternatives to efficiently evaluate the water-shielding performance of the CB system for an engineered slope.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2004

Pile Bridge Abutments constructed on a soft base are affected by a lateral flow. Laterl flow pressure acting on Pile is very difficult to calculate because of, interation of ground and Pile. So, it is different to estimate displacement of Pile Bridge Abutments. This paper studied about possibility of the displacement estimation of Pile Bridge Abutments by using the equivalent sheet pile wall theory that was Randolph proposed in 1981. Analysis program through using the SAGE CRISP that is FEM program. Analysis data used Centrifuge test results of Springman(1991), Bransby(1997) and Ellis(1997)'s paper. In conclusion, maxium displacement that is carried out by centrifuge test and numerical analysis has occured at the head of pile, as well as Maximum displacement of pile is closely similar. But the moment acting on pile of numerical analysis is under estimated compare to the centrifuge test. Through the comparative study, it is found that displacement estimation by equivalent sheet pile wall is in relatively good agreement with the results of centrifuge test.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2008

This study develops DNA array which can detect specific sequence of human papilomavirus (HPV) by using lateral flow membrane assay which is usually used for point of care test including pregnant diagnosis. Principle of HPV DNA array is as follow; fixing DNA probe which is peculiar to HPV type 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 45 on a surface of lateral flow membrane and inducing hybridization response between probe and HPV PCR products which is obtained by using biotin-labeled MY09/l1 primers. And then, we can see the result of DNA hybridization that streptavidin labelled colloidal gold is responded with hybrid biotin. Lateral flow membrane array developed in this study confirms major HPV type economically and conveniently compared with existing HPV DNA chip method.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2002

When unsymmetrical surcharge is worked on polluted soft soils, large plastic shearing deformation such as settlements, lateral displacement, upheavals and shearing failure occured in the soils and they have often done considerable damages to the soils and structures. Accordingly, this study conducts laboratory pilots test to investigate the determination method of lateral flow pressure of polluted soft soils by comparing it to existing equations. The model test is performed that a model stock device is made and polluted soils are filled in a container which fires the soils. Then the displacement is observed as surcharge load is increased by regular intervals at untrained condition. The result shows that test the lateral flow pressure is adequately calculated by the equation (P=K$_{0}$YH) and the maximum value of lateral flow pressure Is found near 0.3H of layer thickness(H) and is higher to ground surface than synthesis pattern, Poulos distribution pattern and soft clay soils(CL, CH) which is not polluted.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Pile-supported embankment is one of the reinforcing methods to minimize damage due to the severe subsidence and lateral flow when soft clay ground is supported with embankment. pile-supported embankment mainly penetrates soft ground into the bearing stratum in order to support surcharge load which minimizes the subsidence and lateral flow due to the surcharge load. The aim of this research is to review quantitatively reinforcing effect of pile-supported embankment which is installed in soft clay ground. From the model test, it reproduced the ground movement with regard to the non-reinforced and reinforcing embankment-pile and also analyzed stabilizing effects of lateral flow due to the pile-supported embankment. With regard to the case of installing pile-supported embankment, its were analyzed stabilizing effects of lateral flow in cases of quick-load and slow-load to make different surcharge load.