• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2020

Background Perforator artery flaps based on the branches of intercostal arteries and lateral thoracic artery can be used for reconstruction after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Although described more than a decade ago, these have not been adopted widely in clinical practice. We report on short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of partial breast reconstruction using chest wall perforator flaps from a prospective multicenter audit. Methods All patients operated for BCS and partial breast reconstruction using intercostal artery perforator or lateral thoracic artery perforator flaps from January 2015 to October 2018 were included in the analysis. Oncoplastic breast surgeons with appropriate level of training performed all tumor excisions and reconstructions as a single-stage procedure. Patient characteristics, treatment details and surgical outcomes were noted. Specific outcomes recorded were margin re-excision and complication rates. Results One hundred and twelve patients underwent the procedure in the given study period. The median age was 54 years. Median specimen weight was 62.5 g and median volume of excision was 121.4 mL. Fifteen patients (13.39%) underwent a margin re-excision for close or positive margins without additional morbidity. One patient required a completion mastectomy. Eight patients (7.14%) had an early complication. None of the patients required a contralateral symmetrization procedure. The results were comparable across the participating centers. Conclusions Chest wall artery perforator-based flaps are an excellent option for lateral and inferior quadrant partial breast reconstructions. The short and long-term surgical outcomes are comparable across sites and can be performed with minimal morbidity. Patient-reported outcome measures need to be studied.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 2014

The effects of electric field frequency on the ac electrical treeing phenomena in an epoxy/reactive diluent/layered silicate (1.5 wt%) were carried out, in needle-plate electrode arrangement. A layered silicate was exfoliated in an epoxy base resin, by using our ac electric field apparatus. To measure the treeing propagation rate, constant alternating current (AC) of 10 kV with three different electric field frequencies (60, 500 and 1,000 Hz) was applied to the specimen, in needle-plate electrode arrangement, at $30^{\circ}C$ of insulating oil bath. As the electric field frequency increased, the treeing propagation rate increased. At 500 Hz, the treeing propagation rate of the epoxy/PG/nanosilicate system was $0.41{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min, which was 3.4 times slower than that of the epoxy/PG system. The electrical treeing morphology was dense bush type at 60 Hz; however, as the frequency increased, the bush type was changed to branch type, having few branches, with very slow propagation rate.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2004

The inductive coupling theory in serially stacked $Bi_2$$Sr_2$$CaCu_2$$O_{8+x}$ intrinsic Josephson junctions predicts that the lattice structure of the Josephson vortices along the c axis gradually changes from the triangular to the rectangular lattice with increasing the vortex velocity. This lattice transition appears as voltage jumps or sub-branch splitting in the Josephson vortex-flow region of current-voltage characteristics (IVC). We report the IVC in external magnetic fields from 2 to 4 T. The stack, with the lateral size of 1.4${\times}$15 $u\m^2$, was fabricated by using the double-side cleaving technique. The sub-branches in the Josephson vortex-flow region, corresponding to a plasma propagation mode in serially coupled intrinsic Josephson junctions, were also observed in the range of 2∼4T. Switching from one branch to another in Josephson vortex-flow region suggests the structural transition of the moving Josephson vortex lattice.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 2005

Optical microscopy of recently living and cleared material of the fucoid, Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis, revealed novel aspects of its interaction with the ascomycete Mycophycias ascophylli (Cotton) Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer (previously Mycosphaerella ascophylli Cotton). Most host cells are associated with hyphae by lateral attachment of cell walls. Hyphae form extensive networks throughout the host thallus and show considerable differentiation in the various host tissues. In the base of epidermal cells, hyphae form multicellular rings around each host cell to produce a continuous network. In medullary regions, long, relatively unbranched and longitudinally aligned hyphae occur, with radial branches extending into cortical regions. Scattered in the inner cortex of host tissue are numerous multicellular nodes of smaller, polygonal to irregular shaped cells with five or more radiating arms of hyphae. Individual hyphal cells show a variety of specializations including swellings and appressoria-like attachments to some host cells. These observations provide the morphological basis for the mutualistic symbiosis supported by recent experimental work. We conclude that this association is best described by the term “symbiotum.”

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1997

Behavior of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles : Thyroarytenoid(TA), cricothyroid(CT), lateral cricoarytenoid(LCA), interarytenoid(IA) and posterior cricoarytenoid(PCA) : were evaluated under the in vivo canine laryngeal model in three individual papers. This is the review of the relating three articles. In vivo preparation of the laryngeal model was summarized. Video-laryngoscopic findings of the individual intrinsic laryngeal muscles were documented by electrical stimulation of the individual muscular branches of the laryngeal nerve. Effects on fundamental frequency, subglottic pressure, intensity and open quotient by the stimulation of the individual intrinsic laryngeal muscles were tested.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 1993

In order to survey possibility to produce saikosaponin from in vitro hairy root culture, culture of callus, adventitous root, and hairy root of Bupleurum falcatum L. were estabilished, and quantitative and qualitative aspects in saikosaponin extracted from these were compared with those of cultivated root. Callus grew well in MS medium containing 0.9 $\mu$M 2, 4-D. In contrast, both of adventitous root and hairy root grew well in hormone-free MS medium. However, hairy root showed more rapid growth with extensive lateral root branches, characteristics of lower content of water and softer than in adventitous root. Among the selected lines of adventitous root and hairy root were observed difference in the growth rate. Mannopine, one of opine synthesized in the transformed tissue with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. A4 were detected in the extract of hairy root lines. Pattern and content of crude saponin from adventitous and hairy root showed no difference, but somewhat difference from those of cultivated root. However, in callus, distinct production-aspect of saponin was not observed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.471-474
• /
• 2005

Pure sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations[AVMs] are vascular malformations confined to the sylvian fissure without parenchymal involvement. Surgical removal is regarded as difficult because the nidus is located just lateral to important structures such as the basal ganglia and the internal capsule. Because most feeding arteries to the nidus are branches of the middle cerebral artery[MCA], differentiation between these feeders from en passant and normal vessels is of great importance in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from surgical intervention. We report a case of pure sylvian fissure AVM who presented with an intra-temporal lobe hematoma that was located around venous aneurysms distant from the nidus. The clinical characteristics of this AVM and the surgical methods employed to avoid complications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the branch and distribution of Nervus facialis of the Korean native goat. The observation was made by dissection of embalmed cadavers of ten Korean native goats. The results were as follows; 1. N. facialis arose from the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata. 2. In the facial canal, N. facialis gave off N. petrosus major, N. stapedius and Chorda tympani. 1) N. petrosus major arose from Ganglion geniculi, passed through the pterygoid canal and terminated in Ganglion pterygopalatinum. 2) Chorda tympani joined N. lingualis at the lateral surface of the internal pterygoid muscle. 3. At the exit of the stylomastoid foramen, N. facialis gave off N. caudalis auricularis, Ramus auricularis internus, Ramus stylohyoideus and Ramus digastricus. 1) N. caudalis auricularis arose by two branches in 6 cases and by a single branch in 4 cases. N. caudalis auricularis gave off branches to the caudoauricuIar muscles and the internal surface of the conchal cavity. 2) Ramus auricularis internus arose by a single branch except in 2 cases in which it arose in common with N. caudalis auricularis. It penetrated the caudolateral surface of the tragus and distributed in the skin of the scapha. 3) Ramus stylohyoideus and Ramus digastricus arose separately from N. facialis. 4. In the deep surface of the parotid gland, N. facialis divided into N. auriculopalpebralis, Ramus buccalis dorsalis and Ramus buccalis ventralis. In 6 cases, N. facialis gave off Ramus buccalis ventralis and then divided into N. auriculopalpebralis and Ramus buccalis dorsalis. In 3 cases, N. facialis trifurcated into Ramus buccalis ventralis, Ramus buccalis dorsalis and N. auriculopalpebralis. In one case, N. facialis gave off N. auriculopalpebralis and then divided into Ramus buccalis dorsalis and Ramus buccalis ventralis. 1) Ramus buccalis ventralis ran along the ventral border of the masseter muscle and distributed to the buccinator and depressor labii inferioris muscles. Ramus buccalis ventralis communicated with a branch of Ramus buccalis dorsalis and N. buccalis. In 2 cases, it also communicated with N. mylohyoideus. 2) Ramus buccalis dorsalis communicated with Ramus transverses faciei, N. buccalis, N. infraorbitalis and a branch of Ramus buccalis ventralis. Ramus buccalis dorsalis distributed to the orbicularis oris, caninus, depressor labii inferioris, levator labii superioris, buccinator, malaris, nasolabialis and zygomaticus muscles. 3) N. auriculopalpebralis gave off Rami auriculares rostrales, which supplied the zygomaticoauricularis muscle, the frontoscutularis muscle and the skin of the base of the ear. N. auriculopalpebralis then continued as Ramus zygomaticus, which innervated the frontal muscle, the lateral surface of the base of the horn, the orbicularis oculi muscle and the adjacent skin of the orbit. N. auriculopalpebralis communicated with Nn. auriculares rostrales and Ramus zygomaticotemporalis. In 7 cases, it also communicated with N. infratrochlearis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.474-487
• /
• 1998

The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological characteristics of trigeminal nerve in the Korean native goat by macroscopic methods. Trigeminal nerve was originated from the lateral side of pons, and extended shortly forward to form trigeminal ganglion at the opening of oval foramen. Thereafter this nerve was divided into maxillary, mandibular and ophthalmic nerve. Ophthalmic nerve gave off the zygomaticotemporal branch, frontal nerve, frontal sinus branch, and was continued as the nasociliary nerve. Maxillary nerve gave rise to the zygomaticofacial branch, accessory zygomaticofacial branch, communicating branch with oculomotor nerve, pterygopalatine nerve, caudal superior alveolar branch, malar branch and was continued as the infraorbital nerve. Mandibular nerve was divided into the masseteric nerve, buccal nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve, medial pterygoid nerve, nerve to tensor tympani m., auriculotemporal nerve, and furnished the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve as terminal branches. The course and distribution of the trigeminal nerve in the Korean native goat appeared to be similar to that in other small ruminants such as sheep and goat. But the main differences from other small ruminants were as follows : 1. There was no accessory branch of the major palatine nerve. 2. The caudal superior alveolar branch was directly branched from the maxillary nerve. 3. The communicating branch with oculomotor nerve was originated from maxillary nerve or common trunk with zygomaticofacial branch. 4. The malar branch arose from the maxillary nerve at the rostral to the origin of the caudal superior alveolar branch. 5. The inferior alveolar nerve originated in a common trunk with the lingual nerve. 6. The mylohyoid nerve arose at the origin of the inferior alveolar nerve. 7. The zygomaticotemporal branch was single fascicle, and gave off lacrimal nerve and cornual branch. 8. The base of horn was provided by the cornual branches of zygomaticotemporal branch and infratrochlear nerve of nasociliary nerve.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.531-536
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cultural soil textures on growth and quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer from 2009 to 2010. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The growth of stem and leaf were superior to one year old G. uralensis, and surface runner and root growth tended to be better in 2 years old G. uralensis. The weight of stem and leaf were heavy in sandy loam, and plant height, branches, stem diameter in sandy clay loam were better than other soil texture. The growth characteristics, such as length, number and weight of surface runner, was better in order of sandy clay loam > sandy loam > loamy sand. The length of main and lateral root was longer in loamy sand soil than other treatments, and the diameter of main and lateral root was more thicker in sandy loam than others. The number of lateral root was higher in the sandy loam than other treatments. The yield of main and lateral root was in order of sandy loam > sandy clay loam > loamy sand soil. Marketable root yield of one year old and two year old G. uralensis were increased 57% and 71% in sandy loam compare to a loamy sand as 204 kg/10 a, respectively. The content of glycyrrhizinic acid was the hightest as 1.62% in sandy clay loam soil in one year old, and as 1.58% in sandy loam soil in two years old of G. uralensis, respectively.