• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

Entrainment of ambient gas into a transient diesel spray is a crucial factor affecting the following preparation of combustible mixture. In this study, the entrainment characteristics of ambient gas for a non-evaporating transient diesel were investigated using a common-rail injection system. The effects of ambient gas density and nozzle hole geometry were assessed with entrainment coefficient. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) technique was introduced to measure the entrainment speed of ambient gas into a spray. There appeared a region where the entrainment coefficients remained almost constant while injection rates were still changing. The effect of common-rail pressure, which altered the slope of injection rate curve, was hardly noticed at this region. Entrainment coefficient increased with ambient gas density, that is, the effect of ambient gas density was greater than that of turbulent jet whose entrainment coefficient remained constant. The non-dimensional distance was defined to reflect the effect of nozzle hole diameter and ambient gas density together. The mean value of entrainment coefficient was found to increase with non-dimensional distance from the nozzle tip, which would be suggested as the guideline for the nozzle design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-152
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• 1998

In the present study, the flow characteristics of developing laminar oscillatory flows in a square -sectional 180 deg. curved duct are investigated experimentally. The experimental study using air in a square-sectional 180 deg. curved duct is carried out to measure velocity distributions with a data acquisition and LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry) processing system. In this system, Rotating Machinery Resolver (RMR) and PHASE program are used to obtain the results of unsteady flows. The major flow characteristics of developing oscillatory flows are found by analyzing velocity curves, mean velocity profiles, time-averaged velocity distribution of secondary flow, wall shear stress distributions, and entrance lengths. In a lower dimensionless angular frequency, the axial velocity distribution of laminar oscillatory flow in a curved duct shows a convex shape in a central part and axial symmetry. The maximum value of wall shear stress in a lower dimensionless angular frequency is located in an outside wall, but according to increasing the dimensionless angular frequency, the maximum of wall shear stress is moved to inner wall. The entrance lengths of laminar oscillatory flows in a square-sectional 180 deg. curved duct is obtained to 90 deg. of bended angle of duct in this experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2022

The turbulence stimulation effect of studs for boundary layer over a flat plate was investigated through the flow measurement in KRISO cavitation tunnel. For the test, Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and three flat plate models were used: (1) flat plate without studs; (2) flat plate with one stud row; (3) flat plate with two stud rows. The dimension and location of stud rows and the inflow speed were selected considering test conditions for standard-sized model ships in KRISO towing tank. The boundary layer characteristics of test models were analyzed and compared in terms of mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensity profiles, boundary layer thickness, and shape factor. In the case of the flat plate without studs, transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred around Re_x=3.83 ~ 5.19 × 10⁵. In the case of flat plates with stud rows, the flow rapidly changed into turbulent flow right after passing the first stud row. In the state where turbulence was already developed, the second stud row slightly increased the turbulence intensity near the top of the stud, but did not significantly affect the boundary layer characteristics such as mean velocity distribution, boundary layer thickness, and shape factor.