• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2004

This study aims to identify the change of bathroom design characteristics through the investigation of bathroom space in apartment model houses. The bathroom space of each private exclusive area was analyzed from the plane characteristics perspective such as quantity, location, size and shape. For this study, site survey and observation was performed to analyze the characteristics of plane and design based on twenty seven model houses of seven large-sized construction firms with Seoul area focused on. Research object was restricted to from ten Pyeong's apartment to sixty Pyeong's in order to understand various characteristics of twenty seven model houses. Since analysis variables were not diverse, the main three factors - frequency, percentage and an average - were represented in Microsoft Excel worksheet, focusing on the quantity of each case, design characteristics and pattern. 1) The quantity of bathrooms: It was turned out that the quantity of bathroom was one in ten Pyeong's apartment while it was two in thirty, forty, and fifty Pyeong's apartment. There were mostly two bathrooms available in twenty Pyeong's apartment even if only one was planned in few cases. All powder rooms and dress rooms in twenty and fifty Pyeong's apartment were designed to be separated and be accessible through bedroom. 2) The size of bathrooms: As private exclusive area increased, the size of bathroom for both family and couple increased. Couple bathrooms had the tendency to be equipped with shower booth and bathtub at the same place or have more tubs than family bathrooms because couple bathrooms were bigger than family bathrooms. 3) The location of bathrooms: Couple bathrooms were usually located beyond dress rooms or powder rooms while family bathrooms were mostly located at the entrance side. 4) The shape of bathrooms: Shower booth was assumed to be in general vogue because family bathrooms, for the most part, were comprised of a flush toilet, a washstand and a shower booth. In the case of couple bathrooms, a flush toilet, a washstand, a shower booth and a tub were generally equipped in more than twenty Pyeong's apartments while a tub was not installed in twenty Pyeong's apartments.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.6 s.61
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• pp.79-83
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• 2004

The curved blocks which compose the bow and stem of a ship contain many skewed joints that are inclined horizontally and vertically. Most of these joints have a large fitness error and are continuously changing their form and are not easily accessible. The welding position and parameter values should be appropriately set in correspondence to the shape and the inclination of the joints. The welding parameters such as current, voltage, travel speed, and melting rate, are related to each other and their values must be in a specific limited range for the sound welding. These correlations and the ranges are dependent up on the kind and size of wire, shielding gas, joint shape and fitness. To determine these relationships, extensive welding experiments were performed. The experimental data were processed using several information processing technologies. The regression method was used to determine the relationship between current voltage, and deposition rate. When a joint is inclined, the weld bead should be confined to a the limited size, inorder to avoid undercut as well as overlap due to flowing down of molten metal by gravity. The dependency of the limited weld size which is defined as the critical deposited area on various factors such as the horizontally and vertically inclined angle of the joint, skewed angle of the joint, up or down welding direction and weaving was investigated through a number of welding experiments. On the basis of this result, an ANN system was developed to estimate the critical deposited area. The ANN system consists of a 4 layer structure and uses an error back propagation learning algorithm. The estimated values of the ANN were validated using experimental values.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10A
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• pp.760-768
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the energy efficient transmission parameter selection method for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system which is applied to e-Navigation system considering various ship models environment. An appropriate selection of transmission parameters of HR-WPAN system is very essential to be considered for saving WPAN devices' energy consumption, when HR-WPAN system is applied to ship area network (SAN). Therefore, we propose an energy consumption model for a ship area network employing IEEE 802.15.3 based CSMA/CA HR-WPAN model and analyze the effect of transmission parameter selection on the performance of energy consumption. In particular, the path loss is the major performance decision parameter for the SAN employing HR-WPAN system, since it varies according to the material of shipbuilding such as steel(for large ship), FRP(for medium size ship) and compound wood(for small ship). Thus, we analyze and demonstrate that the proper transmission parameter selection of transmit power, PHY data rate and fragment size for each ship model could guarantee energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2020

The police substation includes work spaces for civil services, interviews, and meetings, etc, and private spaces for rest, showers and cafeterias and so on. Since a large number of rooms for each function should be installed in a relatively small building, it is important to develop an area standard for efficient space organization in consideration of the functional characteristics and usage patterns of each space. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way for improving the area standards for spaces in police substation based on the results of existing standards analysis and case study. For this objective, architectural documents of 161 police substations built after 2013 in Korea were comparatively analyzed. Sixteen of these facilities were selected for field survey and investigated how the workspace and private area were organized and used. The results of investigation showed that there were a number of problematic cases, such as spaces not installed or insufficient, spaces used for two or more functions, spaces installed even though they are not included in the standards. It was mainly due to the fact that several important spaces which had been installed in most police substations were not included in the existing standards. The ways for improvement were suggested like following four points: (1) Modifying the criteria for classifying facility size, (2) Modifying the lists of the required spaces, (3) Specifying the basis of calculation for each space in detail, and (4) Differentiating the way to organize spaces according to the facility size.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.753-758
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• 2007

Purpose: Penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease is a rare cutaneous malignancy that primarily affects the elderly. To prevent local recurrence, adequate surgical excision with its intraoperative frozen section, proper reconstruction, and careful follow-ups are required. The present study describes the treatment of patients with penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease, focusing on the reconstruction after the ablation of lesion. Methods: Nine patients were selected who had undergone a local pedicle flap procedure due to the large defects after ablation of extramammary Paget's disease of the penoscrotal area, during the period of 1999 to 2005. Wide excision combined with intraoperative frozen sectioning was performed, and the penoscrotal wound was reconstructed with a local skin flap. Three flaps were chosen depending on the size of the defect. If the defect size was small and the scrotal tissue was adequate, scrotal flap(n=5) was enough for its reconstruction. However, as there were large defects with insufficient remnant scrotal tissue, a groin flap(n=2) or an anterolateral thigh flap(n=2) were performed. Results: There were no complications with the postoperative wound. Furthermore, no local recurrence was noted during two to six years of follow-up period (mean average 3.7 years). Conclusion: For the resurfacing the penoscrotum at large defects after ablation of extramammary Paget's disease, we performed reconstruction with a local flap. In the aspect of both function and cosmetic concerns, the results were satisfactory.　

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.12A
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• pp.2002-2007
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• 1999

In this paper, the n-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFT's) formed by solid phase crystallization (SPC) on glass were investigated by measuring the electrical properties of poly-Si films, such as I-V characteristics, mobility, leakage current, threshold voltage, and subthreshold slope. It is done to decide to be applied on TFT-LCD with large-size and high density. In n-channel poly-Si TFT with 2, 10, 25$\mu\textrm{m}$ of channel length, the field effect mobilities are 111, 126 and 125 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V-s and leakage currents are 0.6, 0.1, and 0.02 pA/$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Low threshold voltage and subthreshold slope, and good ON-OFF ratio are shown, as well. Thus, the poly-Si TFT’s used by SPC are expected to be applied on TFT-LCD with large-size and high density, which can integrate display panel and peripheral circuit on a large glass substrate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.2361-2369
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• 2020

Compton cameras using large scintillators have been developed for high imaging sensitivity. These scintillator-based Compton cameras, however, mainly due to relatively low energy resolution, suffer from undesired background-radiation signals, especially when radioactive materials' activity is very low or their location is far from the Compton camera. To alleviate this problem for a large-size Compton camera, in the present study, a hybrid-type shielding system was designed that combines an active shield with a veto detector and a passive shield that surrounds the active shield. Then, the performance of the hybrid shielding system was predicted, by Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation using Geant4, in terms of minimum detectable activity (MDA), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and image resolution. Our simulation results show that, for the most cases, the hybrid shielding system significantly improves the performance of the large-size Compton camera. For the cases investigated in the present study, the use of the shielding system decreased the MDA by about 1.4, 1.6, and 1.3 times, increased the SNR by 1.2-1.9, 1.1-1.7, and 1.3-2.1 times, and improved the image resolution (i.e., reduced the FWHM) by 7-8, 1-6, and 3-5% for ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co, and ¹³¹I point source located at 1-5 m from the imaging system, respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.705-712
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• 2008

The purpose of this study using Fuzzy AHP technique as a decision support system is to propose a structured and available decision making process for location selection of large-scale discount stores. The procedure of this study is divided into two parts to estimate the relative weights of evaluation criteria and analyze the sites of some large discount stores. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, compared with the other criteria, the population of primary trade area has the most weight, and moreover, there are the number of rival businesses, dimensions of roads, total population, lot size, purchase cost in order of size. Lastly, the sites of six stores are evaluated relatively, then the optimal location is selected, which proves the applicability for decision making process this study suggests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2007

Flow characteristics in a liquid fuel ramjet combustor were investigated using the PIV method. The combustor has two rectangular inlets that form a $90^{\circ}$ angle each other. Three cases of test combustors are made in which those inlet angles are $30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}\;and\;60^{\circ}$. The experiments were performed in a water tunnel test with the same Reynolds number as Mach 0.3 at the inlet. PIV software was developed to measure the characteristics of the flow field in the combustor. A large and complex recirculating flow was measured in the dome area with 4 different dome size. Experimental results shows that 1/3 dome size of combustor diameter is suitable and smaller inlet angle provide large recirculation flow at the dome of combustor as a frame holder in this experimental ranges but need to consider secondary recirculation flow in a junction region to optimize the configuration of ramjet combustor.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.275-281
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• 2001

We used the discrete-sectional model to analyze the particle growth by coagulation of particles in silane plasma reactor, considering the Gaussian distribution function for particle charges. The effects of process conditions such as monomer size and mass generation rate of monomers on particle growth in plasma reactor were analyzed theoretically/ Based on the Gaussian distribution function of particle charges, the large particles of more than 40 nm in size are almost found to be charged negatively, but some fractions of small, tiny particles are in neutral state or even charged positively. As the particle size and surface area increase with time by particle coagulation, the number of charges per particle increases with time. As the large particles are generated by particle coagulation, the particle size distribution become bimodal. The results of discrete-sectional model for the particle growth in silane plasma reactor were in close agreement with the experimental results by Shiratani et al. [3] for the same plasma conditions. We believe the model equations for the particle charge distribution and coagulation between particles can be applied to understand the nano-sized particle growth in plasma reactor.