• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.497-507
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• 1993

Four truncation selection schemes (SSs) were framed to predict and compare the age structures and genetic responses under the influence of various factor employing the scheme-specific algorithms. Two paths of selection, sires (bulls' sires) and dams (bulls' dams) to breed young bulls were considered. Among variable factors, four levels (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) of precision of evaluation, five levels (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 genetic standard deviation) of genetic differences among age classes and 4 levels of proportions selected (for bulls' sire, 0.05, 0.10, 0.125, 0.25, and for bulls' dams 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.10) contemplated on both paths of selection. The number of age classes for bulls' dams and bulls' sires were 4 or 8 and 2 or 4, respectively. The stayability across age classes for bulls' dams was assumed to be 0.80 or 0.60. The candidates for selection for bulls' sires were equally distributed (0.5 or 0.25) across the age classes. The SS1 (selection on same proportions as candidates' distribution) revealed longest generation lengths and lowest yearly genetic responses. The average ages were youngest and yearly genetic responses were highest in SS4 (selection at each age-specific truncation point with the same average genetic superiority of selected parents across the ages) and followed by SS3 (selection at each agespecific truncation point with same predicted genetic values) and SS2 (selection at common truncation point on phenotypic values) in a population with overlapping generations. The results revealed the importance of choosing suitable selection scheme to acquire maximum yearly genetic responses especially when the genetic differences among age classes are large and the precision of evaluation is relatively low.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

본 연구는 화상 온라인 하브루타 토론을 통한 사회과 의사소통능력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 5학년 학생과 협력학교 학생들 간의 비교 연구를 통해서 살펴보았다. 연구결과 첫째, 화상 회의 장비 및 스마트 기기를 활용한 화상 온라인 수업은 학생들의 수업 흥미 및 참여도를 향상시킨다. 둘째, 하브루타 토론 방법은 학생들이 상호 질문과 토론의 과정을 통해 지식을 스스로 습득하고 내면화 시키며, 발표 및 토론 참여도 향상에 도움이 된다. 셋째, 화상 온라인 수업을 위해 새로운 수업안의 구안 및 교육과정 재구성이 필요하며, 협력 교사간 충분한 준비와 토론과정을 거쳐 수업안을 작성한 후 수업을 전개해야하며, 수업 연구일지 작성 등의 자기 수업 반성의 과정은 화상 온라인 협력 수업의 질을 높이는데 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 넷째, SNS를 활용한 토론 활동은 보조적인 활동으로 활용하는 것이 좋으며, 형성평가를 할 때는 두 교사가 각자 자기 교실의 학생들의 성취도를 확인하는 것이 좋다. 화상 협력학습을 할 수 있는 기자재를 확대 보급하여 화상 온라인 협동 학습을 할 수 있는 학교가 많이 생길 필요가 있다. 화상 온라인 수업의 효과를 극대화하기 위한 다양한 연구 및 교사 연수가 필요하다. 소인수 학급 학생들과 대도시 학급 학생들이 자유롭게 협력학습을 할 수 있는 서버를 교육청에서 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze science self-efficacy, science self-concept and scientific attitude according to the class size in the elementary school. For this purpose, three research questions were set as follows; First, are there any differences in science self-efficacy according to the class size? Second, are there any differences in science self-concept according to the class size? Third, are there any differences scientific attitude according to the class size? To solve this research questions, the subjects in this study were 809 5th and 6th grade students of eight elementary schools in Busan. 220 were sampled from small-size classes, 354 from mid-size classes and 235 from large-size classes. The results of this study through the process are as follows; First, there were significant differences in science self-efficacy according to the class size. Second, there were significant differences in science self-concept according to the class size. Third, according to the result, there was not a significant difference in scientific attitude according to the class size. The findings of the study suggest that it is necessary the class size should be adjusted to the appropriate level for improving student's science self-efficacy and science self-concept.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.147-165
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• 1973

One of the characteristics of feudal society is the control of the dress and ornamentation which stand for various social classes and personal relationships. Throughout the Yi-Dynasty, certain forms of dress and ornamentation were controlled or prohibited by the government. For instance, there was a Ban on the use of gold and silver for ornaments and silks or satins for dresses, and the violator was subject to severe punishment according to the penal laws. This seems to have been done more for symbolism and the dignity of the various social ranks and powers than as an economic measure against foreign products. The use of yellow cloth, for instance, was once banned out of blind submission to the traditional practices in China, then the most powerful nation in Asia. The working classes were prohibited to use any silks of foreign production. This was done to discourage a spirit of wasteful luxury and the tendency to prefer the often higher quality foreign product. The government regulated the class of the traditional wedding ceremony, again as a means of both encouraging economy and reestablishing the distinctions between the classes. In spite of these attempts at control by the government a large trade in smuggled goods was still carried out. This had the effect of impeding the development of the clothing industry in the country.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2024

Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on identifying both known and unknown diseases in plant disease recognition. In this task, a model trained only on images of known classes is required to classify an input image into either one of the known classes or into an unknown class. Consequently, the capability to recognize unknown diseases is critical for model deployment. To enhance this capability, we are considering three factors. Firstly, we propose a new logits-based scoring function for unknown scores. Secondly, initial experiments indicate that a compact feature space is crucial for the effectiveness of logits-based methods, leading us to employ the AM-Softmax loss instead of Cross-entropy loss during training. Thirdly, drawing inspiration from the efficacy of transfer learning, we utilize a large plant-relevant dataset, PlantCLEF2022, for pre-training a model. The experimental results suggest that our method outperforms current algorithms. Specifically, our method achieved a performance of 97.90 CSA, 91.77 AUROC, and 90.63 OSCR with the ResNet50 model and a performance of 98.28 CSA, 92.05 AUROC, and 91.12 OSCR with the ConvNext base model. We believe that our study will contribute to the community.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-77
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• 2011

In recent years, as many native English speakers are working in Asia to as English teachers, team teaching with local teachers has been commonly implemented within the Korean EFL classroom. Using qualitative case studies, this paper aims to explore native English-speaking teachers' (NESTs) perceptions of team teaching and their challenges at different secondary Korean schools. The study documents the challenges faced by three foreign teachers embedded in intercultural teaching teams. The data shows that common challenges include vague role distribution among teachers, problems presented by mixed levels of students, large classes, and students' low valuation during foreign teacher's classes, which go ungraded. The study calls for serious governmental efforts to change these fundamental problems and closely examine local factors that strongly affect team teaching practices before initiating a system of importing foreign teachers without proper preparation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The objective of the study is 10 know the relation of landslide occurrence with using TPI (Topographic Position Index) in the Pyungchang County. Total 659 landslide scars were detected from aerial photographs. To analyze TPI, 100m SN (Small-Neighborhood) TPI map, 500m LN (Large-Neighborhood) TPI map, and slope map were generated from the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data which are made from 1 : 5,000 digital topographic map. 10 classes clustered by regular condition after overlapping each TPI maps and slope map. Through this process, we could make landform classification map. Because it is only to classify landform, 7 classes were finally regrouped by the slope angle information of landslide occurrence detected from aerial photography analysis. The accuracy of reclassified map is about 46%.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

The German Guidelines for stainless steel in buildings (Z.30.3-6) issued by the German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt) categorizevarious stainless steel grades into five corrosion resistance classes (CRCs). Only 21 frequently used grades are approved and assigned to these CRCs. To assign new or less commonly used materials, a large program of outdoor exposure tests and laboratory tests is required. The present paper shows theresults of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests that can distinguish between different CRCs. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were performedin various media and at different temperatures. CRC IV could be distinguished from CRC II and CRC III with a 31.3 % $Cl^-$ as $MgCl_2$ solutionat $140^{\circ}C$. CRC II and CRC III could be differentiated by testing in a 30% $Cl^-$ as $MgCl_2$ solutionat $100^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 1994

Size class structure and vegetative growth of a perennial herb of the temperate deciduous forests, Symplocarpus renifolius Schott, were studied from 1991 to 1994 in Namhansansung, Kyonggi Province, Korea. The size class structures of leaf number and leaf area per individual followed bell-shape curve, i.e. frequency of middle class was relatively high. The leaf area increased from the late-March to mid-May. At the end of the growing season, leaf area(length X breadth) was proportional to biomass, especially aboveground biomass. The leaf number and leaf area per individual increased at the rate of 0.08 leaf/year and 9.7 $cm^2/year$, respectively. The size of the individuals in large-sized classes, in leaf number and leaf area, decreased in next year, while the size of the individuals in small-sized classes increased. Therefore, it was concluded that the size class structure of S. renifolius population was largely determined by the growth form.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.338-349
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• 2000

Pronunciation teaching is once again coming into the foreground of ELT. Japan is, however, lagging far behind many countries in the development of pronunciation curricula and in the actual speech performance of the Japanese learners of English. The reasons for this can be found in the prevalence of communicative methodologies unfavorable for pronunciation teaching, in the lack of trained professionals, and in the large numbers of students in Japanese foreign language classes. This paper offers a way to promote foreign language pronunciation teaching in Japan and other countries by means of employing computer and internet facilities. The paper outlines the major directions of using modem speech technologies in pronunciation classes, like EVF (electronic visual feedback) training at segmental and prosodic levels; automated error detection, testing, grading and fluency assessment. The author discusses the applicability of some specific software packages (CSLU, SUGIspeech, Multispeech, Wavesurfer, etc.) for the needs of pronunciation teaching. Finally, the author talks about the globalization of pronunciation education via internet resources, such as computer corpora and speech and pronunciation training related web pages.