• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제16권
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• pp.168-206
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• 2001

This study attempts to examine the relationships between the major market-based media and the government after closing military regime era, 1961-1987. After the military regime was collapsed, while the mass media in Korea obtained independence and autonomy from government, they have been confronted with the terrible competition not so much comparatively as before. The watchdog role in the traditional liberalism, which is regarded as normative relationship between the media and the government would be transformed in accordance with the market condition and the maturity of democracy. Thus, the watchdog metaphor has been variously deviated in rower-centered society; lap dog, guard dog, attack dog. liberalists argue that the primary democratic role of the media is to art as a public watchdog overseeing the state. Social democrats, however, criticize them as simplistic conception which could be only applied to the government. They argue that the media should be seen as a source of redress against the abuse of all forms of power over others; the home, the economy, and the civil society. The lap dog view is that the media is overwhelmingly dependent on the established power structure contrary to the watchdog. While the guard dog perspective is a means to preserve the power structure alarming with playing 'conflict role', the attack do8 aims to the private interest of the media in intruding into the politics. The attack dog perspective by T. Patterson could be composed of the interpretive style of report, the game schema report over the policy schema in the election, and the negativism against politics and government. The market-dominant press has been likely to transform from lap-guard dog into attack-guard dog. In Roh Tae Woo government(1988-1992), while the press was a lessened lap-guard dog before three parties merger in 1990, after merger the press had been transformed as the reinforced lap-guard dog because this merger entailed joint, party-to-party negotiations, and the formation of the new party preceded by dissolution of the ruling blot. In the early stage of Kim Young Sam government(1993-1997), the press has kept in pace with the reform movement drive-forced by the government. However, the press withdrew the support of Kim's reform in reaching the level of threat to ruling bloc. The press coalesced only circumstantially with government and was interested in preserving some margin of independence. The failure of Kim's reform proved the political muscle of the press in post-autho-ritarianism. In the middle stage of Kim Dae Jung government (1998-) that resulted in the shift of power structure as once-opposition party leader, the stress has been a manifested attack-guard dog owing to the anti-cold war policy, the realignment policy of power, and the minority-base of Kim's government. The press has endeavored to hold political communication within limits relatively less threatening to the established order.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic (LAP) product supplementation on the blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria in healthy adult Beagle dogs. In total, 14 Beagle dogs with an average initial body weight of 10.19 ± 0.61 kg were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments,with and without LAP supplementation, for a 28-day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the concentration of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), blood lymphocyte percentage, fecal hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and total mercaptans (R.SH) emission, and fecal coliforms counts. However, the serum concentrations of the triglyceride and fecal ammonia (NH₃) emission of the LAP treatment were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the group compared with the CON dogs. Fecal total lactic acid bacteria counts were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the LAP treatment. In conclusion, the supplementation of LAP in Beagle dog diets could decrease the blood triglyceride level and enhance the gut Lactobacillus count which may have positive effects on dogs.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제45권
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• pp.296-340
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• 2009

민주화 이후 한국 언론이 권력화하고 있다는 것은 이미 새로운 사실도 아니다. 연구는 노태우, 김영삼, 김대중, 노무현 4개 정부에 걸쳐서 한국 언론이 어떻게 권력화되고 있는지를 프레임 분석 등을 바탕으로 4마리 개 모델(watch/lap/guard/attack dog)을 통해 우회적으로 알아봤다. 분석 대상 언론은 조선, 중앙, 경향, 한겨레 등 4개 일간지이며 분석 내용은 해당 기간 동안의 정부의 재벌 규제정책에 관한 해당 신문의 전체 사설이다. 분석 결과 보수 성격의 조선일보는 1987년 민주화 초기에는 정부 재벌 규제정책에 찬성하는 논조를 보이다가 김대중 정부의 중립적인 논조에서 노무현 정부 시기에는 강력한 비판 프레임이 주류를 이루고 있다. 중앙일보는 노태우 정부부터 노무현 정부에 이르기까지 일관되게 정부의 재벌 규제정책에 반대하는 모습이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 특히 노무현 정부시기에는 반정부 프레임이 절대적이었으며 정부에 대해 공격견의 모습을 띠고 있다. 경향신문은 시기별로 친정부, 반기업 또는 친재벌, 반정부 등의 복합적인 면모를 보인다. 한때 소유주였던 한화그룹이 물러나고 우리 사주제가 정착됨에 따라 시기별로 다른 모습을 보인 것으로 추론할 수 있겠다. 한겨레신문은 재벌 규제정책에 관한 한 4개 정부 통틀어 일관되게 친정부적인 입장을 취해왔다. 특히 노무현 정부시기보다 김대중 정부시기 동안 더 절대적으로 정부의 재벌 규제정책을 옹호하는 모습을 보여 눈길을 끌었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

In this study, the effect of surface treatment of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites) on the shear strength of CFRP/metal composites was investigated. The surface of 14 plied unidirectional (0-dog ) CFRP was treated by an $Ar^{/}$ + ion beam under an oxygen environment. Shear strength tests were performed using SLS (Single Lap Shear) specimens based on the ASTM D906-94a procedure. The shear strength of the surface-treated CFRP/metal composites was compared with that of the untreated CFRP/metal composites. The results showed that the shear strength of surface-treated CFRP/metal composites was 36% greater than that of untreated CFRP/metal composites.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

본 연구는 10 kg 미만의 소형견에서 흉강경을 이용한 우측 중폐엽 절제술을 적용할 때, 적합한 포트 접근법의 설정을 위하여 실시되었다. 평균 체중 $8.67{\pm}0.49kg$의 비글견 10마리에서 전신 마취를 실시한 후 기관 내시경 유도하에 우측 주기관지를 폐쇄하여 편측성 분리폐 환기를 실시하였다. 포트는8-6-10 늑간과 8-6-5 늑간을 통한 두 가지 접근법으로 위치시켰고, 흉강경 우중폐엽 절제술에는 복강경용 자가 절단 스테플러와 검체 회수 주머니가 사용되었다. 각 접근법은 1) 시각화, 2) triangulation; 흉강내 기구간 충돌, 3) 스테플러의 폐문부 접근 및 적용의 용이성, 4) 검체 회수 주머니 사용의 장해 여부, 5) 술자의 편의도의 5가지 항목을 점수화하여 평가하였다. 모든 개체에서 편측성 분리 폐 환기에 의해 양호한 작업 공간이 확보되었고, 성공적인 흉강경 우중폐엽 절제술이 완료되었다. 어느 경우에서도 포트 위치를 수정할 필요는 없었으며, 의인성 합병증 역시 발생하지 않았다. 두가지 접근법 모두 높은 점수를 얻어, 이들은 10 kg미만의 개에서 편측성 분리폐 환기하에 자가 절단 스테플러를 이용한 흉강경 우중폐엽 절제술을 실시함에 적합한 것으로 확인되었다.