• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.185-197
• /
• 2001

It is quite burden-some for non-native speakers of English to write and read more and more IT-related reports due to the rapid development of IT technology. Thus, this study aims at designing ESP materials by using huge volume of electronic ITU texts, corpora and concordancer SW. Various tests are designed to study the usage of articles, hyponym, agreement, synonym, and others. The results of this study will bring general and practical benefits to technical English writing and improving IT area students' lexical knowledge of actual English usage. The ESP materials produced by this study will also make an extensive contribution to other industries and academic areas in Korean society.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 1995.02a
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 1995

• Language and Information
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.81-102
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to provide corpus-based quantitative analyses of HEART and HEAD in order to examine their actual usage status and to consider some cognitive linguistic aspects associated with their use. The two corpora COCA and COHA are used for analysis in this study. The analysis of COCA corpus reveals that the total frequency of HEAD is much higher than that of HEART, and that the figurative use of HEART (60%) is two times higher than its literal use (32%); by contrast, the figurative use of HEAD (41%) is a bit higher than its literal use (38%). Among all four genres, both lexemes occur most frequently in fictions and then in magazines. Over the past two centuries, the use of HEART has been steadily decreasing; by contrast, that the use of HEAD has been steadily increasing. It is assumed that the decreasing use of HEART has partially to do with the decrease in its figurative use and that the increasing use of HEAD is attributable to its diverse meanings, the increase of its lexical use, and the partial increase in its figurative use. The analysis of the collocation of verbs and adjectives preceding HEART and HEAD, as well the modifying and predicating forms of HEART and HEAD also provides some relevant information of the usage of the two lexemes. This paper showcases that the quantitative information helps understanding not only of the actual usage of the two lexemes but also of the cognitive forces working behind it.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.139-157
• /
• 2006

As the Communicative Approach has become the norm in foreign language teaching, the objectives of teaching English in school have changed radically in Korea. The focus in high school English textbooks has shifted from mere mastery of structures to communicative proficiency. This paper will study five polysemous words which appear in twelve high school English textbooks used in Korea. The twelve text books are incorporated into a single corpus and analyzed to classify the usage of the selected words. Then the usage of each word was compared with that of three other corpora based sources: the BNC(British National Corpus) Sampler, ICE Singapore(International Corpus of English for Singapore) and Collins COBUILD learner's dictionary which is based on the corpus, "The Bank of English". The comparisons carried out as part of this study will demonstrate that Korean text books do not always supply the full range of meanings of polysemous words.

• 중국학논총
• /
• no.71
• /
• pp.23-40
• /
• 2021

'过' and '了' are the key points, as well as difficult ones, in the academic study of Chinese grammar and language teaching. This article analyzes this language use by taking two sentence structures as example, namely 'Pao le.' and 'Pao guo le.'. As the semantic meanings of 'V+了2' and 'V+过1+了2' are very similar. Therefore, it can be confusing for non-native speakers to master this usage. This article attempts to sort out and analyze the usage environment and pragmatic characteristics of 'V+过1+了2' by employing the examples from the data of Corpus of the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University. By focusing on the usage environment and pragmatic characteristics of '过' and it is desirable for teachers to combine semantics, syntax and pragmatics while explaining the grammar point, in order for learners to understand accurate information quickly and learn how to use it.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-39
• /
• 2023

Recent research in usage-based Second Language Acquisition has provided new insights into second language (L2) learners' development of formulaic language (Wulff, 2019). The current study examines the use of phrase-frames, which are recurring sequences of words including one or more variable slots (e.g., it is * that), in written and oral production data from Asian learners of English across four proficiency levels (beginner, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced) and native English speakers. The variability, predictability, and discourse functions of the most frequent 4-word phrase-frames from the written essay and spoken dialogue sub-corpora of the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) were analyzed and then compared across groups and modes. The results revealed that while learners' phrase-frames in writing became more variable and unpredictable as proficiency increased, no clear developmental patterns were found in speaking, although all groups used more fixed and predictable phrase-frames than the reference group. Further, no developmental trajectories in the functions of the most frequent phrase-frames were found in both modes. Additionally, lower-level learners and the reference group used more variable phrase-frames in speaking, whereas advanced-level learners showed more variability in writing. This study contributes to a better understanding of the development of L2 phraseological competence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.276-286
• /
• 1988

In this paper, HLML-C (High Level Microprogramming Language C) is proposed, which is independent of target machines and has similar strucrure to C language. The HLML-C operations are defined for a abstract machine which contains characteristics of various microarchitectures, and can extend to define a target machine's special operations for efficient microcode generation. A microprogram written in this language is translated into a machine independent intermediate language on abstract machine with the information of a target machine's resource usage and then microoperations of a target machine. The HLML-C compiler is implemented with yacc and C language on VAX-11/750 (4.3 BSD) computer. Through the various test microprogram applied to HLML-C compiler, their results are analyzed.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.153-180
• /
• 2017

This research examined compound particles, which have not been properly addressed in existing studies on particle combination education, from the perspective of Korean language education as a second language. First, existing research was examined with the understanding of the issue that there is a lack of discussion in existing studies on the education method of either including the compound particle in particle combination or excluding it all together. In the next chapter, an examination was made on the concept and usage of terminology for compound particles in the field of Korean linguistics. Following a summary of this information, a review was made on the list of compound particles established in Korean linguistics. Thus, seven compound particles were identified for Korean language education considering discriminant standard and educational effectiveness from the perspective of Korean language education. The researcher proposes that the compound particle should be taught as an extension of particle combination education and that its concept should be clearly outlined as a direction for future education.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2023

The Japanese language, as a typical agglutinating language, permits large noun phrases (NP) containing ten or more morphemes. In this paper, we argue that the nature of the NP in Japanese is changing. Our data are drawn from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese. We conduct a series of apparent-time studies of ongoing changes in complex NPs. We first examine the length of compound nouns, followed by the usage of bound suffixes. We then examine ongoing changes in complex NPs that contain genitive case markers. Finally, we examine noun incorporation. All of our studies show a trend towards shorter, less complex NPs. Furthermore, our results suggest that the usage rate of phrases that modify the noun inside the NP (compound nouns, bound nouns, NPs containing genitive case, noun incorporation) appears to be decreasing over time. On the other hand, the usage rate of modifying material outside of the NP (positional phrases, relative clauses) appears to be increasing over time. We conclude by suggesting that our results reflect a diachronic change of decreasing synthetic morphology and increasing analytic morphology. We end by pointing out the implications of this work on our understanding syntheticity and analyticity.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.19-36
• /
• 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate the usage of Korean markers -(n)un and -i/ka in editorial texts focusing on information structure. Noun phrases ending with the markers -(n)un and -i/ka were annotated semi-automatically using a corpus obtained from an online newspaper. Two important factors to determine the choice of markers were examined with the annotated data: referential givenness/newness and position in a sentence. Referential givenness and newness were adopted as indicators of information structure, topic and focus respectively. In addition to quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis was conducted on the selected data. The results suggest that both the marker -(n)un and -i/ka could carry a topic and a focus reading. Sentence position also played a crucial role in determining the marker, and the marker -i/ka was used more frequently in a later position of a sentence than the marker -(n)un.