• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

One of the objectives and aspirations of scientists and engineers ever since the development of computers has been to interact naturally with machines. Hence features of artificial intelligence (AI) like natural language processing and natural language generation were developed. The field of AI that is thought to be expanding the fastest is interactive conversational systems. Numerous businesses have created various Virtual Personal Assistants (VPAs) using these technologies, including Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Google Assistant, among others. Even though many chatbots have been introduced through the years to diagnose or treat psychological disorders, we are yet to have a user-friendly chatbot available. A smart generative cognitive behavioral therapy with spoken dialogue systems support was then developed using a model Persona Perception (P2) bot with Generative Pre-trained Transformer-2 (GPT-2). The model was then implemented using modern technologies in VPAs like voice recognition, Natural Language Understanding (NLU), and text-to-speech. This system is a magnificent device to help with voice-based systems because it can have therapeutic discussions with the users utilizing text and vocal interactive user experience.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2022년도 제34회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.109-114
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• 2022

질의 생성 모델은 스마트 스피커, 챗봇, QA 시스템, 기계 독해 등 다양한 서비스에 사용되고 있다. 모델을 다양한 서비스에 잘 적용하기 위해서는 사용자들의 실제 질의 특성을 반영한 자연스러운 질의를 만드는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 사용자 질의 특성을 반영한 간결하고 자연스러운 질의 자동 생성 모델을 소개한다. 제안 모델은 topic 키워드를 통해 모델에게 생성 자유도를 주었으며, 키워드형 질의→자연어 질의→응답으로 연결되는 chain-of-thought 형태의 다중 출력 구조를 통해 인과관계를 고려한 결과를 만들도록 했다. 최종적으로 MRC 필터링과 일관성 필터링을 통해 고품질 질의를 선별했다. 베이스라인 모델과 비교해 제안 모델은 질의의 유효성을 크게 높일 수 있었다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.263-291
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• 2003

This paper is to help the students in elementary schools develop and improve their English listening and speaking skills by presenting effective teaching and learning techniques using puppetry. It is absolutely obvious that listening and speaking are very important skills for most EFL students. Using puppets in the classroom is a creative English teaching technique which can involve authentic, communicative language situations. Moreover, puppets appeal to children and can aid in lowering affective filters thereby creating a more comfortable learning environment. The study clearly showed that using puppets is feasible and enjoyable in elementary English classes. However, caution must be exercised in drawing and generalizing conclusions from this experience. The results of the experiment are as follows: First, using puppetry in the English class was found to have positive influence on students' affective domains (interst, attitude). Second, using puppets in the English classes was found to be efficient for improving students' English listening and speaking skills. Third, appropriate materials should be selected and well thought-out plans should be made to be successful English class using puppetry. Perhaps the most interesting line of future research is to use qualitative research to examine the effect of this technique on the teacher variable. Further research is recommended, especially on using puppetry for speaking proficiency and creating affectively comfortable learning atmospheres.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제30호
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• pp.191-225
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• 2010

이 논문은 한자(漢字)의 다의성(多義性)과 품사(品詞)의 비결정성(非決定性)에 초점을 맞추어 "논어(論語)" 해독을 시도하였다. 먼저, 이 글은 한자가 인간과 세계에 대한 문제를 표현하는 사유의 언어(다른 말로 철학언어)로서 제 기능을 할 수 있는가? 는 물음에 대한 본격적인 논의를 전개하였다. 16세기 마테오 리치는 보편적인 '표의문자체(ideographic script)'의 가능성을 한자에서 발견하려고 노력함으로써 이 물음에 긍정적인 답변을 제시하였다. 반면, 헤겔과 하이데거 등은 한자는 첫째, 전치사와 관사가 없는 언어체계이며, 둘째, 이중의미, 반대의미를 표시하는 단어가 없으며, 셋째, 어형변화 없이 어순에 의해서만 의미를 표현, 전달하기 때문에 복잡한 인간의 사유와 엄밀한 논리를 표현하는 철학 언어로서 부적합하다고 주장한다. 그러나 카시러와 울만, 소쉬르, 그리고 데리다 등의 언어관을 경유하면서, 우리는 헤겔과는 다른 입장에서 한자의 사유언어로서의 기능을 발견할 가능성을 확인한다. 서양의 언어체계와 달리 한자는 언제나 개별적으로 존재하는 단어들의 의미 보다 문맥에서의 언어 기능이 보다 중요하다. 한자는 고유의 품사를 감추고, 다른 문자들과의 관계망 속에서 어떤 사건과 사물의 의미를 표현하면서 자신의 본색을 드러낸다. 한자는 이른바 '불가결정성(indecidability)'의 언어인 것이다. 이러한 한자의 다의성과 품사의 부재는 바로 '불가결정성'에 기인한다. 이렇게 본다면, 비록 전치사, 관사, 어형변화, 품사 등을 결여하는 있는 문자체계일지라도 '다의(多義)'의 특성을 지닌 한자는 인간의 복잡한 사유를 나름의 방식으로 표현하는 철학언어로서 충분한 기능을 할 수 있는 것이다. 이를 토대로 "논어(論語)"읽기의 다양성을 담보할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

본 연구는 성악 발성에서 나타나는 레가토(legato) 기법 연구를 통해 레가토에 영향을 미치는 3가지 요소를 분석하고 레가토 발성의 향상을 위한 효과적인 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 사례분석법과 귀납대비법을 활용한다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 첫째, 성악가의 발성 기술 측면에서, 호흡 문제, 발음 문제, 음역대 문제를 해결한다면 원활하게 레가토에 이를 수 있게 되고, 이를 통해 성악가의 레가토 발성 기술이 향상될 수 있다. 둘째, 성악가의 발성 언어의 측면에서, 성악 언어의 발음과 구조의 특징을 심도있게 분석하여 언어적 차원의 레가토를 이룰 수 있다면, 이를 통해 성악가가 발성 언어를 더욱 깊이 이해할 수 있다. 셋째, 성악가의 발성 감정의 측면에서, 사상과 정서의 두 방면에서 감정과 관련된 문제를 해결하여 레가토에 이를 수 있다면, 이를 통해 작품에 대한 성악가의 이해도가 높아질 수 있다. 종합해보면 레가토는 성악가의 발성 기술, 발성 언어, 발성 감정에 따라 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구를 통해 성악가들이 성악 발성에서의 레가토의 중요성을 심도있게 이해하여, 발성 과정에서 레가토를 더욱 효과적으로 활용하기를 기대한다.

• 인문언어
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• 제8집
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• pp.409-427
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• 2006

This paper deals with the various conceptual metaphors of 'mind' in Korean and English within the Cognitive Semantics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the metaphorical expressions of the concept 'mind' represented andunderstood in various ways in Korean and English, to find out the linguistically-universal conceptual metaphors underlying the uses of the metaphoric expressions. In addition, this paper discusses the differences in linguistic realization of the concept 'mind' between Korean and English from the socio-cultural background. In the traditional view, metaphor was thought only as the linguistic matters and a deviance from literal or normal use. However, within the Cognitive Linguistic view such as Lakoff and Johnson(1980), metaphor has been considered as a means of understanding and conceptualizing world. According to them, metaphor is found in everyday life because it is not only as a matter of language but also as a nature of human conceptual system controlling cognition, thought and behavior. Conceptual metaphor is suggested as a device to understood abstract and less familiar things through concrete and more familiar things. Conceptual metaphors may be realized linguistically as well as non-linguistically, in the form of movies, arts or behavior. To define the concept 'mind' shared among the Koreans, conceptual metaphors used to represent 'maum(mind)'in Korean are examined. Then they are compared with the ones used to represent 'mind' in English. This is based on the idea that conceptual metaphors represented in linguistic expressions naturally reflect the speakers' concept and conceptualization is a universal irrespective of language. This paper exemplifies the Korean sentences as well as English sentences to utilize some conceptual metaphor such as Johnson(1987)'s THE MIND IS THE BODY and shows many other conceptual metaphors used in Korean and English to represent the same concept 'mind'. What are some metaphors shared by two languages and what is specific to one of them will be shown, too. This paper also suggests that the different conceptualization or lexicalization is partly due to the effect of the oriental cultural background that is more interested in the mental world than the physical world.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2020

인공지능, 딥러닝, 머신러닝 등이 괄목할만한 발전을 이루면서 2016년경부터 100여개의 언어를 비롯하여 가장 보편적으로 사용되어 온 Google Translate (구글기계번역기)는 자연언어처리(NLP) 분야와 외국어 학습 등 언어활용 분야에 독보적인 역할을 하고 있다. 본 논문은 구글기계번역기, Google Translate에 있어서, 영어모국어화자가 가진 통사문법적-범주적 지식의 중요성과 그 영향력에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. Jackendoff (1999)는 맹인을 위한 독서기계(Reading Machine)등을 구축하려면 통사구조적 지식과 문법적 분해력(parsing)이 매우 중요하고, 적어도 현재의 컴퓨터는 엄청난 발전을 이루기는 하였으나, 인간의 두뇌를 따라갈 수 없다는 결론을 내렸다. Jackendoff가 논의했던 몇 가지 어휘항목과 통사구조적 중의성을 활용하여, Google Translate 기계발음번역기를 통해 그의 주장을 확인하는 실험을 실시하고, 그 결과를 분석하는 것이 이 논문의 목표이다. 이 연구는 Jackendoff의 주장처럼 L1 화자가 내재화한 통사문법적, 범주-구조적 지식은 NLP, 혹은 "독서기계"등의 구축에서 중요하며, 이는 Chomsky (1986, 2005)등에서 논의된 내재적언어 (I-language)의 핵심이라는 점을 시사한다.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-42
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• 2002

This paper reexamines ideas about linguistic relativity in the light of new interest in the theoretical climate. The original idea is based on the incommensurability of the semantic structures of different languages. On this view, language, thought, culture are deeply interconnected, so that each language might be associated with it a distinctive world view. Throughout this work I utilize the historico-epistemological standpoint to dissect the conceptual structure of this principle. In the introduction I will of for a justification of choice of the theme. Section 1 will address some essential definition of the linguistic principle and insist on the necessity to elaborate a typological spectrum of relativism and universalism. In the second section some important landmarks of linguistic relativity were marked from Plato to Humboldt via Condillac and Herder. 1 will subdivide the relativity hypothesis into 3 theses which are interlated. In the final section the epistemological structure of the linguistic principle will be analysed in some detail by providing my exposition of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. By way of conclusion I will present the works of Wierzbicka who demonstrated the lexicons of different languages suggest different conceptual universes. By rejecting analytical tools derived from the English language she proposed instead a natural semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals, which is made up of universal semantic primitives. In this paper we attempted to construct a general problematics of linguistic relativity, focolizing on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. We devided this very problematic question into its ontological and epistemological dimensions. In particular the ambivalance of Whorf's relativity is discussed in some detail. Also, an archeological survey of this subtle question on the relation between language, thinking and culture was provided. (from Aristotle to Humboldt, via Condillac and Nitzche). In conclusion this investigation underlines the necessity of preparing the cultural linguistics to enlarge the scope of contempory linguistics.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.251-285
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• 2014

Monsters cannot speak. They have been objectified and represented through a particular concept 'monstrosity' that renders the presence of monsters effectively simplified and nullified. In contemporary monster narratives, however, the site of monsters reveals that they could be the complex construction of society, culture, language and ideology. As going into the structure that concept is based on, therefore, meanings of monsters would be seen to be highly unstable. When symbolic language strives to match monsters with a unified concept, their meanings become only further deferred rather than valorized. This shows the language of monsters should disclose the self-contradiction inherent in 'monstrosity,' which has made others—namely beings we define as 'different' from ourselves in culture or physical appearance—embodied as abject and horrifying monsters. Unable to be understood, accepted, or called humans. I analyse Frankenstein and Dracula that firmly converge monstrous bodies into a symbolic meaning, demonstrating how this fusion causes problems in the multicultural society. I especially emphasize the undeniable affirmation of expurgated others we need to have empathetic relations with, because their difference, unfamiliarity, and slight divergences are likely to be defined as abnormalities. In the multicultural society, thus, we must learn to embrace diversity, while also having to recognize there are many others that have been thought of as monsters; ironically enabling us to think about an undeniable imperative of being responsive to other people. In this respect, the monstrous inhuman goes to the heart of the ethical undercurrent of multiculturalism, its resolute attempt to recognize and respect someone else's difference from me. A focus on empathetic relations with others, thus, can strengthen the process of creating social mechanisms that do justice to the competing claims of different cultural groups and individuals.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2021

Background: Humidifier disinfectant exposure is an ongoing issue, and there is still considerable related controversy. Various approaches are needed to secure scientific evidence on the extent of the victims' damages and for the determination of appropriate compensation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between humidifier disinfectant (HD) use and academic achievement in Korean children. Methods: This study used data from the 8th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2015. For the final study, 1,598 cases were used. T-tests and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the use of humidifier disinfectant is a factor that affects academic ability. Results: Children in groups using humidifier disinfectant showed statistically significantly lower scores in all areas of language, including reading, speaking and writing, and statistically lower scores in all areas of mathematics, including counting, addition and subtraction. In the multiple regression analysis results, which control for the effects of various demographic/social variables, the use of humidifier disinfectants showed statistically significant beta coefficients (β: -0.357, p<0.001), negatively affecting children's language ability. As for the 'math' variable, which was created by combining counting, addition, and subtraction scores, the use of humidifier disinfectants as independent variables also showed statistically significant beta coefficients (β: -0.200, p<0.001), negatively affecting children's math ability. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that depending on whether or not humidifier disinfectants were used, there are differences in children's language abilities, such as reading, speaking, and writing, as well as in their mathematical abilities, such as counting, adding, and subtracting numbers. These findings are thought to serve as a scientific basis for extending the perspective from health effects to more diverse areas of demographic and social impact related to humidifier disinfectant damage and compensation.