• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2009

유비쿼터스 네트워크의 실현을 위한 4세대 통신방식의 유력한 후보로 부상하는 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 통신방식이 육상에서 주목받고 있으며, 고속 데이터 전송을 위한 Wireless LAN의 표준기술로 확정되어 있다. 해상통신의 경우에서도 OFDM 통신방식은 VHF 대역을 이용한 데이터 전송방식으로 제안되고 있으며 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)는 해상통신에서 32-point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)를 사용하도록 권고하고 있다. 해상 통신에서는 해양사고 및 조난 시에도 통신이 이루어져야 하는 한계상황을 고려하면 OFDM 통신시스템의 중요 디바이스인 FFT는 저전력으로 동작되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 OFDM 방식의 중요 디바이스인 32-point FFT를 저전력으로 동작시키기 위해 radix-2와 radix-4를 이용하여 저전력 32-point FFT 알고리즘을 제안한다. 최적화된 설계로 32-point FFT를 저전력 동작이 가능하도록 설계하였으며, 제안한 알고리즘은 VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language)로 구현하고 FPGA (field-programmable gate array) Spartan3 board에 장착하여 Matlab의 이론값과 비교, 검증하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권12호
• /
• pp.1485-1491
• /
• 2019

오늘날 생체신호의 종류 및 크기가 방대해짐에 따라 생체신호를 빅데이터로 정의하고 이를 분석하고자 하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 생체신호를 빅데이터로 처리함에 있어 소셜 네트워크에서 발생하는 빅데이터 처리와 비슷한 방법을 이용하고 있다. 생체신호 빅데이터는 특징값을 추출하여 이를 별도로 저장하고 다양한 분석기기로 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 즉 데이터의 상호운용성과 호환성이 보장되어야 하며 분석도구에서의 지표 표현이 간결해야 한다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 생체신호를 표준화된 HL7의 표준 메타모델기반으로 표현하고 OMG의 표준 수학적 명세 언어인 OCL을 이용하여 생체신호를 분석하는 모델을 제안한다. 또한 제안한 모델을 이용하여 심전도 데이터를 이용한 칼로리 소모량을 구해봄으로써 활용 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 본 연구는 대중적으로 인기 있는 캐릭터 웹드라마의 장르를 분석하여 언어 모델 GPT를 통한 스토리 추천 개발을 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 웹드라마에서도 반복되는 비슷한 클리셰가 존재함을 확인했다. 본 연구에서는 공통된 이야기 구조(클리셰)를 분석하여 숙련되지 않은 영상 제작자도 손쉽게 캐릭터 웹드라마를 제작할 수 있도록 대표적인 이야기 구조를 정형화하여 제시하였다. 분석을 위해 10대에게 가장 인기있는 장르인 학원 로맨스 장르 웹드라마의 클리셰를 기승전결에 따라 목록화하였다. 또한 본 연구는 분석하여 목록화한 클리셰를 지피티에게 학습시켜 사용자를 위한 스토리 추천 매커니즘을 연구하였다. 본 연구를 통해 웹콘텐츠의 데이터베이스 소비론의 입장에서 다양한 데이터베이스의 수용을 통해 대중의 인기뿐 아니라 다양한 콘텐츠의 제작에 박차를 가할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2019

Background and Objectives: The present study aims to investigate whether the cochlear implant electrode array design affects the electrophysiological and psychophysical measures. Subjects and Methods: Eighty five ears were used as data in this retrospective study. They were divided into two groups by the electrode array design: lateral wall type (LW) and perimodiolar type (PM). The electrode site was divided into three regions (basal, medial, apical). The evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold, T level, C level, dynamic range (DR), and aided air conduction threshold were measured. Results: The ECAP threshold was lower for the PM than for the LW, and decreased as the electrode site was closer to the apical region. The T level was lower for the PM than for the LW, and was lower on the apical region than on the other regions. The C level on the basal region was lower for the PM than for the LW whereas the C level was lower on the apical region than on the other regions. The DRs on the apical region was greater for the PM than for the LW whereas the DR was narrower on the apical region than on the other regions. The aided air conduction threshold was not different for the electrode design and frequency. Conclusions: The current study would support the advantages of the PM over the LW in that the PM had the lower current level and greater DR, which could result in more localized neural stimulation and reduced power consumption.

• 대한청각학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2019

Background and Objectives: The present study aims to investigate whether the cochlear implant electrode array design affects the electrophysiological and psychophysical measures. Subjects and Methods: Eighty five ears were used as data in this retrospective study. They were divided into two groups by the electrode array design: lateral wall type (LW) and perimodiolar type (PM). The electrode site was divided into three regions (basal, medial, apical). The evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold, T level, C level, dynamic range (DR), and aided air conduction threshold were measured. Results: The ECAP threshold was lower for the PM than for the LW, and decreased as the electrode site was closer to the apical region. The T level was lower for the PM than for the LW, and was lower on the apical region than on the other regions. The C level on the basal region was lower for the PM than for the LW whereas the C level was lower on the apical region than on the other regions. The DRs on the apical region was greater for the PM than for the LW whereas the DR was narrower on the apical region than on the other regions. The aided air conduction threshold was not different for the electrode design and frequency. Conclusions: The current study would support the advantages of the PM over the LW in that the PM had the lower current level and greater DR, which could result in more localized neural stimulation and reduced power consumption.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.415-427
• /
• 2009

Woolf s preoccupation with the interplay between gender, commercialism, and the modern city is exposed in higher relief by her feminist remapping of the city through a discourse of fl nerie, which is epitomized in her singular urban travelogues such as Street Haunting and The London Scene essays. A fanatical London-adventurer herself, she assumes the persona of the fl neuse in exploring the street of modern London and especially the public sphere of the marketplace, as represented in Oxford Street Tide. Living and working in the quarter of Bloomsbury, in close proximity to the capital s famous sites of tourism, entertainment, and mass consumption, Woolf was placed at the heart of urban spectacle. In spite of the lack of critical analysis of this high-profile writer s interest in such quotidian matters as shopping, fashion and appearance, which would be informed by a hierarchy of value within literary criticism, it seems that they are inextricably intertwined with her quest into more serious-minded topics that revolve around the twin pillars of her literary project: feminism and modernism. Her essays, in particular, suggest this point in one way or another, mirroring her extraordinary susceptibility to such concerns. For Woolf, street sauntering is synonymous with an act of creative mobility, by which she plays with the notion of shifting identities, rediscovers the urban rarities and splendors, and ultimately pins them down in her literary output. By adopting the identity of a masterly rambler/observer/explorer with an omnipotent gaze, she firmly anchors herself as an active interpreter of urban modernity and viewer of its spectacle. She thus challenges the idea of public space as a male domain, which is central to the classic androcentric discourse of loitering, spectatorship and urban modernity.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2024

자연어 처리 모델이 발전함에 따라 챗 GPT와 같은 대화형 언어 생성 AI 모델이 널리 사용되고 있다. 따라서 자연어 처리 최신 모델의 기반이 되는 트랜스포머 알고리즘을 하드웨어로 구현하여 연산 속도와 전력 소비량을 개선하는 것은 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 특히, 행렬 곱셈을 통해 문장에서 서로 다른 단어 간의 관계를 분석하는 멀티 헤드 어텐션과 피드 포워드 네트워크는 트랜스포머에서 연산량이 가장 큰 핵심적인 알고리즘이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 시스톨릭 어레이를 변형하여 행렬 곱 연산 속도를 개선하고, 입력 단어 개수 변동에 따라 지연시간도 변동되는 유동적인 구조를 제안한다. 또한, 트랜스포머 알고리즘의 정확도를 유지하는 형태로 양자화를 하여 메모리 효율성과 연산 속도를 높였다. 본 논문은 평가를 위해 멀티헤드어텐션과 피드포워드 네트워크에서 소요되는 클럭사이클을 검증하고 다른 곱셈기와 성능을 비교하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2015

본 논문에서는 고해상도(Full-HD)급의 비디오를 처리할 수 있는 고효율 비디오 코딩(HEVC) 표준을 따르는 인코더 IP 설계에 대하여 기술한다. 설계된 IP는 HEVC 메인 프로파일 4.1급에 해당되며, 프레임 레이트는 60 fps 로 실시간 인코딩 가능하다. 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 IP 설계 전에 C 언어로 전체 참조 모델을 개발하였으며 고속처리를 위한 병렬처리구조와 저 전력을 위한 스킵모드를 제안하였다. 또한 IP 관련 펌웨어 및 드라이버 프로그램을 작성하였다. IP 검증을 위한 플랫폼을 개발하였고 설계된 통합 IP를 FPGA 보드로 구현하여 다양한 영상에 대하여 여러 인코딩 조건에서 기능 및 성능을 검증하였다. HM-13.0대비 동일 PSNR에서 약 35% 정도의 비트율 감소와 저전력 모드에서 약 25% 정도의 전력 소모 감소 효과가 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제56권5호
• /
• pp.813-833
• /
• 2015

Spherical reticulated shells are widely applied in structural engineering due to their good bearing capability and attractive appearance. Parametric modeling of spherical reticulated shells is the basis of internal analysis and optimization design. In the present study, generation methods of nodes and the corresponding connection methods of rod elements are proposed. Modeling programs are compiled by adopting the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). A shape optimization method based on the two-stage algorithm is presented, and the corresponding optimization program is compiled in FORTRAN environment. Shape optimization is carried out based on the objective function of the minimum total steel consumption and the restriction condition of strength, stiffness, slenderness ratio, stability. The shape optimization of four typical Schwedler spherical reticulated shells is calculated with the span of 30 m~80 m and rise to span ratio of 1/7~1/2. Compared with the shape optimization results, the variation rules of total steel consumption along with the span and rise to span ratio are discussed. The results show that: (1) The left and right rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is the most optimized and should be preferentially adopted in structural engineering. (2) The left diagonal rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is second only to left and right rod regarding the mechanical behavior and optimized results. It can be applied to medium and small-span structures. (3) Double slash rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is advantageous in mechanical behavior but with the largest total weight. Thus, this type can be used in large-span structures as far as possible. (4) The mechanical performance of no latitudinal rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is the worst and with the second largest weight. Thus, this spherical reticulated shell should not be adopted generally in engineering.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2017

In high-density high-rise cities such as Hong Kong, buildings account for nearly 90% of energy consumption and 61% of carbon emissions. Therefore, it is important to study the design of buildings, especially high-rise buildings, to achieve lower carbon emissions in the city. The carbon emissions of a building consist of embodied carbon from the production of construction materials and operational carbon from energy consumption during daily operation (e.g., air-conditioning and lighting). An integrated analysis of both types of carbon emissions can strengthen the design of low carbon buildings, but most of the previous studies concentrated mainly on either embodied or operational carbon. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to develop a holistic methodology framework considering both embodied and operational carbon, in order to enhance the sustainable design of low carbon high-rise buildings. The framework will be based on the building information modeling (BIM) technology because BIM can be integrated with simulation systems and digital models of different disciplines, thereby enabling a holistic design and assessment of low carbon buildings. Structural analysis program is first coupled with BIM to validate the structural performance of a building design. The amounts of construction materials and embodied carbon are then quantified by a BIM-based program using the Dynamo programming interface. Operational carbon is quantified by energy simulation software based on the green building extensible Markup Language (gbXML) file from BIM. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will be applied to analyze the ambient wind effect on indoor temperature and operational carbon. The BIM-based framework serves as a decision support tool to compare and explore more environmentally-sustainable design options to help reduce the carbon emissions in buildings.