• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.12-23
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• 2001

The research focused on the landscape of mountains and hills drawn in a landscape picture. The purpose of the research is to classify patterns of landscape drawning in landscape pictures and to clarify the characteristics of the pattern by a quantitative index. We selected 21 landscape pictures to understand the Landscape Setting Here(LSH) and Landscape Setting These(LST). We investigated size quantitative indices using 1 landscape picture. The index is a follow: altitude, Visual Distance, Angles, Angle of Appearance Size, Inclination, and Angle of Incidence. The following results were obtained by using this data. 1) It has been understood that we offer an important city view because the LSH of this research can establish understanding of the city structure. 2) We dividing 3 patterns by the LST space drawn in the landscape picture. 3 patterns are Ferry point, Beauty point, an Signal-fire point. 3) We clarified the landscape characteristics of each pattern and the characteristics between patterns by using the index according to this pattern. 4) We understood the problem concerning the Seoul city landscape examining the pattern of this research with the ordinance of Seoul city. It is necessary to standardized a system of pattern classification utilized in landscape pictures to establish a universally interpreted detailed quantitative index, which can be applied to research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2018

A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. To this end, we presented objective and standardized criteria to predict and judge the effects of development projects on landscapes before project implementation. During the implementation of the development project, the influence of the visual landscape becomes accumulated in the construction progress stage. There is a need to identify the main viewpoints and to examine the continuous changes in the landscape-influencing factors, owing to the remarkable influences on the landscape, such as the change in the topography and the change caused by the artificial structure. During the stage of managing the influence on the visual landscape after the completion of the project, the influence on landscape should be monitored by measuring the change in the continuous landscape-influencing factors and determining the extent to which the actual reduction plan has been implemented. These processes should be performed continuously to maintain the quality of the visual landscape. The change in the landscape caused by the development project is shown to cause relatively greater visual damage than other factors composing the landscape owing to the influence of the artificial factors including the structure or the building. This shows that not only detailed examination of the visual impact before the development project but also continuous management is required during and after the development project. For this purpose, we derived eight landscape-influencing factors including form/shape, line, color, texture, scale/volume, height, skyline, and landscape control point. The proposed considering to be of high utilization in that it has a clear target of the landscape influencing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.15-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to examine the visual evaluation structure about the formal changes of streetscape by the different moving speed in two alternative control plans for the building height and the setback regulation. The virtual reality system is applied to the experimental tool. Eighty-two experimental models are made in consideration of the height and the setback of the building regulation cased by Midou-suji street in Osaka City, Japan. and ten typical models are selected by pre-experiment. Since the changes of the landscape structure consists of the height and the setback of the building, four the evaluation items are set: grade of continuity, order, openness, preference. As there are eighty-two landscape models which are too many to be applied in this experiment, ten role models are drawn out and used in this experiment. The mean difference test, discriminant analysis, and multiple linear regression methods had been used for the statistical analysis methods. The results of this study are as follows; 1) It is found out the fact of the difference evaluation structure amount experiments models. 2) From the sketch analysis and interview, it is found out difference cognition structure by the moving speed and alternatives. 3) From the discriminant and regression analysis, it is found out that the evaluation value about continuity becomes low by the moving speed change from walking speed to driving speed. We suggest that continuous experiment should be made with a variety of groups and models, and general and universal results should also be come out of the experiments above.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.138-149
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Suwon stream naturalness Index(S.N.I). and tofind out stats, problems and opportunities of the Suwon stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. the purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Suwon stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and 3.3 of assessment index and mode were 3rd grade respectively. stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section accounted for 3.7in average to be 4th grade, lateral section did 3.8 to be 4th grade, and water environment did 2.4 to be 2nd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Suwon stream.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate a vegetation structure around Tongdosa temple forest and provincial park and to provide preliminary data. In order to look over the vegetation status, an actual vegetation map was drawn around study area. Vegetation structure survey was carried out for 6 representative communities of actual vegetation which were Quercus variavilis community, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora-Broadleaf deciduous Forest community, Q. mongolica community and Broadleaf deciduous Forest community. The area of the Tongdosa district measured $29,202,262m^2$. Actual vegetation type were divided into 35 types, and the ratio of Q. variavilis community was 32.35 % ($9,447,932m^2$). To investigate the structure of 6 representative communities, 58 plots were set up and unit area plots measured $100m^2$. The estimated age of the forest is 50~100-years-old and the oldest tree P. densiflora is 113-years-old.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.139-145
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• 2003

This study aims to review the research trends of landscape construction and materials, and to discover the research characteristics in Korea. The research scope was limited to the 905 articles lin the Journal of Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture between 1973 and 2003. The results of the research were as follows. The number of articles concerning landscape materials and construction were few(5.8％), compared to other research fields. The articles were categorized by sequences of the structures, the construction and management, the development of engineering and the development of materials. The articles concerning construction and construction management were categorized into 3 types of quality management; construction and materials, the cost estimation and the work classification and processes. The soils was studied together with plants suited to such soil characteristics as layer, structure, and composition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 1995

This paper is to define what characteristics of modern landscape architecture are in terms of garden design. It is important to understand the characteristics of modern landscape architecture, not only for practical design works but also for design ideology. The characteristics were investigated by anlayzing several crucial drawings of modern landscape architects from the later ninteenth century to the early twentieth century. It is found that modern landscape architecture had been evolved after Neo-classicism in its design language, use of materials and principles. And modern landscape architecture was formulating its own design language not only by borrowing the language from other design fields, such as modern architecture but also by making own vocabulary itself the characteristics of modern landscape architecture were defined as collapse of genre, organic structure, pictorial composition, change of living thing, including those of modern architecture. Modern landscape architects drew their humanistic image on "the garden palette" which pursued artistic sense of creation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2002

Landscape, the land mosaics, is combined with human and natural environment. Landuse and landcover changes are an important factor that changes structure and function of regional landscape. In this study, the changes of landcover and landscape structures are examined in Kyongsan between 1985 and 1997, using Landsat TM images and landscape indices. The results of this study are as follows; First, according to the classification of landcover, forest and agriculture areas have decreased as a result of urban expansion. Second, forest fragmentation has been brought by development; So forest healthiness has weakened. It is proved that urban expansion has happened in agriculture land. Third, a variety of landuse types around forest have changed from agriculture-oriented types to the ones mixed with urban and agriculture areas between 1985 and 1997.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.681-698
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• 2016

With increasing public concern for environmentally friendly agriculture, ecological aspect of landscape management is of growing importance. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis were conducted based on the delphi survey of 31 experts to evaluate the relative importance and the preference of landscape elements. Landscape components of organic farmland were classified into 2 landscape fields, 5 landscape types, 14 landscape units, and 37 landscape elements. Overall relevance score for the proposed landscape components were about 5.5 on the seven point scale. While the relative importance weight of cropland landscape field was 0.71, the weight of intra-structure landscape field was 0.29. Among the cropland landscape, relatively higher weight was assigned to farming system (0.47) and margins (0.31), as compared with hydrological system (0.22). In the farming system, crop (0.40) and farm land (0.39) were the most important landscape units. In the margins, higher weight was given to Buffer zone (0.44) and Trees (0.42). Biological habitat (0.43) ranked the highest score in the hydrological system. Preferable landscape elements were glass house, companion plants, rice paddy field, diverse crop species, small pond, and small river, which are representing ecological advantage of organic farming systems. This result indicated that the landscape elements identified in the study would be suitable to evaluate ecological aspect of rural landscape in organic farmland.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discover the landscape visual image of the slope scene and their harmony with surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of ten types of slope construction scene along the highway. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from the questionnaires and the photos for the slope construction scene. The questionnaires for analysis the image of the slope construction scene and their harmony with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert-scale. The major findings were as follows. 1. At the part of the visual preferences analysis, the slope revegetation methods showed high level of preferences generally than on the slope structure methods. While the slope revegetation methods were estimated friendly, continuity, harmonious, soft, light and wide, the slope revegetation methods were estimated unstable, female, static, simple, omnipresent, appeared as policeman of weak inclination. Also the slope structure methods were estimated stable, manly, complicated, steep and healthy but rough, unharmonious, unfamiliar and heavy. 2. Psychological factors, related to the satisfaction for the slope revegetation methods were composed of three factors, aesthetic, individuality and physical character. And the slope structure methods were composed of five factors, aesthetic, individuality, stability, physical character, and complexity. 3. At the part of harmony with surrounding landscapes, the slope revegetation methods were evaluated highly but the slope structure methods received the lowest evaluation. Also the harmony analysis with surrounding view on the slope revegetation methods showed degree of high more than average in all texture, form, color and scale but the slope structure methods showed degree of fewer than average degree in form, scale, color and texture.