• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-90
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• 1985

^x This study is composed of four Process. Process 1 suggests the background, purpose and necessity to provide with criteria for establishing Korean-style house preservation area including the present situation of the established area in our country. Also it is provided with the approach and the substantial realm to discuss the established criteria for the subject of this thesis. Process 2 dealt with theoretical parts as a premise to suggest the established criteria for the Korean- style house preservation area : 1) Original background of the Korean- style house, characteristic of the Korean traditional housing, changed situation of the Korean- style house based on the epoch, classified into the characteristic of the Korean- style house. 2) The characteristic of the Korean- style house and its values existed in the present urban areas are investigated by synthesizing such contents. 3) The significance for establishing the preservation area of the Korean- style houses in urban areas which is insufficient systematically in suggested as follows : First, establishment of the preservation area of the Korean- style houses with regard to the traditional succession of cultural properties. Second, acknowledging preservation problems of cultural properties in our country due to the world- wide tendency, preservation of historical environment of new comprehensive concept for the preservation of cultural properties. Process 3, as a case study on the establishment of the preservation area, describes a framework for investigating and analyzing the status by reviewing the present situation of the Korean- style preservation area in Seoul city which is established as the preservation area. Process 4 suggests seven criteria with regard to the establishment of the preservation area. 1) A decisive criterion for the Korean- style house to divide into Korean- style house and non- Korean style house (proper building and nonproper building) for the preservation. 2) A concrete decisive criterion for the Korean- style house with regard to valuable endowment with dominent factors in its landscape. 3) A decisive criterion for the review of the landscape preservation for the nonproper building. 4) Suggesting logical evidences for the above second and third criterion (suggesting appropriateness). 5) Dividing into following two criteria for the decision of the building condition. a) A decisive criterion of the Korean- style house's condition. b) A decisive criterion of non- Korean style house's condition. 6) A selective criterion for the preservation building after synthesizing above five criteria. 7) Final criterion for establishing the preservation area with regard to systematic particulars.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to define criteria for landscape restoration of palace gardens. The case study on Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung was used not only to evaluate effectiveness of the criteria, but also to propose solutions to issues of current restoration process of both palace gardens. Following three pairs of different concepts were chosen as criteria to determine on the original form: Diachrony vs. Synchrony, Originality vs. Contemporary Characteristics, and Invariance vs. Deformability. Gyeongbokgung has been restored based on its contemporary characteristics of Year 1888 and the main focus is on its architectural features rather than both architecture and landscape. However, in-depth complementary work on landscape restoration is necessary to restore its originality in Year 1395 such as analyzing photos of Gyeongbokgung taken in modern era. In case of Changdeokgung, we analyzed separately by region or landmark such as Jondeok-Pavilion(尊德亭), Yeonkyung-Hall(演慶堂), and Okryu-Stream(玉流川). Original form of Jondeok-Pavilion Area was changed in 1884. Since diachronic invariance that lasted for 240 years is more important criterion than its contemporary characteristics, it should be restored as how it was painted in Donggwoldo(東闕圖). In Yeonkyung-Hall Area, both original characteristics at the time of Hyomyung Crown Prince and contemporary characteristics of Emperor Kojong Era appear. Therefore, different solution is required for such area to be restored appropriately. Starting from era of King Injo(1636), diachrony and invariance of Okryu-Stream Area were continued throughout the era of King Sukjong and King Jeongjo(1800). It is more than 250 years before Okryu-Stream Area was altered under the rule of Emperor Kojong in 1884. In fact, alterations made to Okryu-Stream Area after 1884 doesn't hold much significance. Therefore, water landscape of Okryu-Stream Area, which was altered in the era of Emperor Kojong, needs to be restored based on Donggwoldo.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for Osong Biohealth Technopolis Institute of Cheongwon Gun Chung Cheong Buk Do which was held by Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 2004. The site is located in. Osong Li, Kang Wei Myun, Cheonwon Gun, Chung Cheong Buk Do and has an area of $402,600m^2$. The judging criteria for landscape design set by the client could be articulated as follows: an environment friendly design respecting the surrounding environment, a functionally efficient site plan by clustering buildings with similar uses, a site plan having 'front yard' by locating buildings in rear areas toward existing 'groves'. The proposal set the main design concept of this project as 'clustering'. By doing that, existing grades and plants can be saved, buildings with similar uses can be clustered, huge 'front yard' as a symbolic image of this project can be achieved, and finally many small open spaces for everyday life can be designed accordingly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2009

The recent interest in historic protection of rural landscape concentrates on the cultural landscape. Historic rural landscape properties in the United States America have protected in the national historic preservation system as National Register of Historic Places to contribute to the enhancement of the national identity and economy. This Paper focuses on research of the National Register of historic rural landscape and applicability to Korea. The work reviews published research report, related regulations and related Bulletins. Some works were conducted by online research including a review of related webpage. The Historic Rural Landscapes in U.S.A are identified and evaluated as historically significant districts, sites, structure, objects, and buildings according to the National Resister Criteria. Those were managed as National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks in National Resister. Government provides national preservation system and tax incentive for historic preservation of rural historic Landscapes.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

This study purposed to review the alternative criteria for preserving urban scenic view and establishing its management methods by selecting preliminary viewpoints to preserve the views of woomyeon mountain. The contents of this research consists of the representative urban scenic view by analyzing its viewpoints and landscape preference. For this study, seventeen preliminary viewpoints were selected, the ratio of visual structure was calculated by types of landscapes and an analysis was conducted on landscape preference through a questionnaire survey to draw results. Conclusively, various side studies through statistical method for characteristic analysis with preference elements about viewpoint and visual structure for urban landscape management. This research will contribute to management on objective point of view in environmentally friendly urban landscape planning.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2004

In this study, landscape changes were examined by periods through the analysis of visual quantity on the landscape components of national road including the mountains, the sky, road pavements, street trees, paddy fields and dry fields, billboard, telegraph pole, building, structure, slope, guard fence, soundproof wall, and median strip etc. For this, subject national road in suburb arreas was selected to grasp its landscape characteristics, and divisional criteria of landscape type of the national road were suggested to look into the trend of landscape changes by periods. Findings of this study are as follows：1.Divisional criteria of landscape type of the national road include location and geometry, structure, land use, perspective, and surrounding buildings of the national road. 2.The highest visual quantity was found in road pavements by periods among landscape components of the national road. It was found that this result has a thread of connection with previous study emphasizing the importance of road geometry as one of landscape components, and road geometry shall be regarded as a visually significant component in analyzing and evaluating landscape of the national road. 3.Most distinguished factors of landscape changes of the national road by periods were median strip(F＝33.296) and street tree(F＝32.881), and then the sky(F＝24.735) and mountain(F＝23.477) showed similar level of statistically significant difference. However, statistically significance difference was not found in buildings and structures. 4.It was shown that natural elements decreased gradually but structural landscape made of artificial elements became the main in construction of the national road. This result implies that although the scenic and ecological soundness is recognized in construction of the national road, it is not out of the limitation of functionalities that is, access and mobility.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-123
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• 2013

The study is to probe a technical alternative to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the results of various landscape simulations. This study to present technical criteria that are necessary in each stage of target site analysis, picture taking, and computer synthesis and, through these to present supplementary plans to enhance the reliability and accuracy of landscape simulations. In order to derive more practical and empirical results in terms of the reliability of the results of landscape simulations, examples that actually passed landscape review were selected. With regard to study process, an analysis was made first to analyze the landscape report data of designs that passed the review to analyze their characteristics, to be followed by an integrated analysis of problems that were revealed in various landscape simulations. Important factors that affect directly the work of landscape simulations such as the specification of camera lenses that were used in picture taking, distance, and angle. Design the work was carried out using Auto CAD, 3DS Max, and Photoshop program in the same way as in actual design. For verification of their accuracy and reliability, the results were entrusted to experts who have implemented similar jobs. To seduce differences from those too landscape simulations that conduct trial experiment of the virtual space that are to be created in the future with accurate numerical values.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

This aim of this study is to support the value criteria that citizen evaluate themselves it when they found modern heritages in their town. To understand the changing of value criteria for the cultural heritage, we have to begin from early 20 century that were, however, diversified after 80's. As a result, early they evaluated with the architectural and aesthetic value mainly, after they evaluated with the social-cultural value and academical value, and nowadays they try to include the economical value and educational value. So this study rearranged and divided that value with the preservation and using value. The preservation value include the historical value, aesthetic value, social-cultural value and academical value, and the using value include the economical value and educational value. The criteria, however, don't have the equal importance, This study try to redefine relative importance score with paired comparison. As a result, Historical value is proved that most important criteria, but aesthetic value got the score lower than social-cultural value, and similar with academical values. And in using values, economical value and educational value got the low score. It means that if some researcher insist about the importance of economical value, it should evaluate lower than preservation values. This study insist that we have to include diversified values and that values have relatives score. Actually, now we mostly evaluate with the architecture and aesthetic values about modern heritage, so we are losing a lot of modern heritage. If we include the diversified values, social-cultural, academical and educational value, we can conserve our important modern heritage and revitalizing town with tourism of historical heritage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to present multi-criteria which were related to the heat island and find methods which decreased heat island affection on the ecological landscape planning. The results of this study were as follows. According to the analysis of surface temperatures, the first grade was the outside-city like a mountain and its temperature was less than $13.0^{\circ}C$. The fifth grade was the downtown, industrial area and its temperature was more than $26.9^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the result was seen the serious heat-island effect. The results of field survey, the closer to the first grade, the higher the value of green coverage. The closer to the fifth grade, the higher the value of impermeability surface, paving materials and colors. According to the correlation analysis, the temperature had high correlation with impermeability surface, paving materials and colors. According to the simple regression analysis, permeability surface, green coverage, topography, impermeability surface, paving materials f: colors, human impact related with surface temperatures. To plan for the decrease of Heat-Island Effect needed the extension of green space, decrease of impermeability surface. This research suggested data for urban green plan and decrease of heat island effect, but there was a limit to get the objective method for grade classification because of lacking in the basic data, the research of multi-criteria will be accomplished continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.56-67
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• 2005

Rapid and reckless economical development is causing nationwide deforestation; more and more forest is being developed to be used as a base for economic advancement. While benefiting the national economy, this destruction of forest is creating a serious problem in the National Land Plan. To solve this problem, it is imperative to understand the current condition of damaged forest and make an environment-friendly plan. This paper explains the principles of spatial plan and sets the criteria for the plan, such as patch size, connectivity, and edge of the Landscape Ecology. The paper assesses the conservational value of area that are currently being developed or planned to be developed to figure out the current environmental situation. This conservational value was verified by the field survey. The result of assessment appears that the patch size of the major mountains in site is over 1,000ha and edge is located widely beside roads. The area of the high connectivity is located agriculture area in valley or narrow roads. The research shows that the patch size is related to biodiversity the larger the patch size, the more populated the species are. The research also reveals the conservational value indicated by degree of connection to forest, difference in the structure of vegetation between core area and edge area, and effects of surrounding environment. In further study, we will assess other criteria of conservation value, such as patch shape and fragmentation to the Landscape Ecology, and apply those criteria in biological aspects of the spatial plan.