• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the physical form of planting foundation of the parks and green spaces in the waterside of Korea and classified them into groups showing common features. It was clssified into 7 kinds of parks and green spaces of 27 waterside parks in Korea including landscape, ecology, art, shields, site boundaries, windbreaks, and soundproofing. As a result, the study was carried out on the detailed type and size estimation through the sampling survey of planting foundation of landscape and ecological type mounding which can be statistically analyzed. Landscape and ecological mounding have the characteristics of securing the ecological stability of the waterside planting areas and the diversity of planting landscape. It is possible to create a green landscape through various terrain changes such as enclosing, focusing, and panoramic view. The physical characteristics of ecological and landscape type mounding can be expressed as height, width, and length And physical data can appear in various forms and sizes depending on the purpose and function of the buffer effect of the land use in the waterside planting areas, the landscape creation, the ecological buffer. In this study, the range of the physical scale for landscape and ecological mounding of waterside parks and green spaces was calculated. The range of the mounding height was analyzed to be less than 1.25m and more than 1.25m and the average height was 0.74~1.08m and 1.75~2.75m respectively. In addition, the range of width of mounding was less than 6.13m, 6.13~17.5m, and more than 17.5m, and the average width of each was 3.45~4.95m, 7.05~10.85m and 31.54~51.54m respectively. The range for the length of mounding was less than 50m, 50~500m, and more than 500m. The mean length of each mounding was 34.0m, 116.3m and 955.8m. It is difficult to distinguish the difference between the waterside planting areas and the urban greenery in the purpose and function of landscape and ecological mounding. However, considering the average distance of 60m from the waterside and the average height of 1.26m, we can conclud that opened planting foundation is prefered to high mounding designs in waterside planting areas. It is expected that the results presented for the improvement of the logical and spatial value of the waterside parks and green areas planting foundation design can be served as the basic data helpful for practical application in landscape architecture planning and design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1791-1798
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• 2010

This research predicted the change and characteristics of space structure by new residential area development through objective and quantitative analysis of urban spatial configuration using space syntax and associated the prediction with the city status statistics data and quantitative analysis, and the results are summarized as follows: (1) If large scale new residential area of Dongnae township proceeds to be developed according to present plan, accessibility to the new residential area will drop, and also as the outside space ripple effects by new residential area development also are anticipated small, the new residential area apprehensibly will not succeed to play the role of integrating the entire city structurally, but will cause structural problem, severing the city structure. (2) If the city planned road between existing urban center planned based on 2004 Chuncheon city plan overall drawing and main road which is the entrance road of the planned new residential area is developed together, the accessibility to the entire space of Chuncheon city and the new residential area will be easy, allowing the new residential area properly integrated into the entire space of Chuncheon city, consequently giving a prediction that classification of land use between the central part of Chuncheon city and surrounding residential area would become conspicuous.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1997

This study tried to categorize the types of mountain-village areas in terms of some key variables representing the socio-economic and natural characteristics in order to provide basic information for policy formation of mountain areas. Cross-sectional data of the year 1990 for 900 sub-counties were collected to analyse the characteristics of mountain-village areas. Eleven variables were selected to classify the types of sub-county levels. According to the results of the study, the socio-economic conditions of mountain-village areas represented by the number of corporations, number of non-farming households, and population density of mountain-village areas were found to be inferior to other parts of the nation while the proportion of forest land, share of non-paddy crop fields, distance from cities, percentage of farming households, and elevation from the sea-level were higher to the other areas. By the principal factor analysis, the key variables representing industrial development, mountain-ousness, and accessibility from near cities were selected. By a cluster analysis employing the selected variables, 5 different types of mountain-village areas were categorized.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2013

This study developed a GIS-based suitability assessment model of coastal zoning system that is needed in the substantial classification of coastal zoning system according to the establishment of law about coastal zoning system. First, this study investigated several kinds of regulations, GIS database and application system related coastal area. Also, grid data model was selected as the GIS analytical model for calculating items of suitability assessment of coastal zoning system. And Grid-based analytical method was suggested for calculating items composing of sea and spatial location characteristics including physical one. Critical values of items were presented using standards that were suggested in coastal regulations and land suitability assessment. Especially, this study presented a calculation method of continuous pattern as fuzzy set function for reflecting the characteristics of GIS data. And this study classified the suitability grade using Z-score and developed model designating coastal zone as conservation management priority, utilization management priority, and planning management priority. This study is judged that very efficient business performance is possible if we consider the spatial coverage of study area and GIS database when the suitability assessment model of coastal zoning system that is suggested in this study, is applied to business works.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-100
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• 2013

Urban green space is one of most important aspects of urban infrastructure for improving the quality of life of city dwellers as it reduces the heat island effect and is used for recreation and relaxation. However, no systematic management of urban green space has been introduced in Korea as past practices focused on efficient development. A way to calculate the amount of green space needed to complement an urban area must be developed to preserve urban green space and to determine 'regulations determining the total amount of greenery'. In recent years, various studies have quantified urban green space and infrastructure using remotely sensed data. However, it is difficult to detect a myriad small green spaces in a city effectively when considering the spatial resolution of the data used in existing research. In this paper, we quantified small urban green spaces using CASI-1500 hyperspectral imagery. We calculated MCARI, a vegetation index for hyperspectral imagery, to evaluate the greenness of small green spaces. In addition, we applied image-classification methods, including the ISODATA algorithm and Spectral Angle Mapper, to detect small green spaces using supervised and unsupervised classifications. This could be used to categorize land-cover into four classes: unclassified, impervious, suspected green, and vegetation green.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.5_1
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• pp.625-636
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• 2019

Soil moisture is a representative factor that plays a key role in hydrological cycle. It is involved in the interaction between atmosphere and land surface, and is used in fields such as agriculture and water resources. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT), and European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESACCI) data were used to analyze the applicability and uncertainty of satellite soil moisture product in the Korean peninsula. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching and triple collocation (TC) analysis were carried out to investigate uncertainty and correction of satellite soil moisture data. Comparisons of pre-calibration satellite soil moisture data with the Automated Agriculture Observing System (AAOS) indicated that ESACCI and ASCAT data reflect the trend of AAOS well. On the other hand, AMSR2 satellite data showed overestimated values during the freezing period. Correction of satellite soil moisture data using CDF matching improved the error and correlation compared to those before correction. Finally, uncertainty analysis of soil moisture was carried out using TC method. Clearly, the uncertainty of the satellite soil moisture, corrected by CDF matching, was diminished in both freezing and thawing periods. Overall, it is expected that using ASCAT and ESACCI rather than AMSR2 soil moisture data will give more accurate soil moisture information when correction is performed on the Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.351-360
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• 2015

Human influence on soil formation has dramatically increased with human civilization and industry development. Increase of anthropogenic soils induced researches on the anthropogenic soils; classification, chemical and physical characteristics of anthropogenic soils and plant growth from anthropogenic soils. However there have been no comprehensive analyses on soil pore or physical properties of anthropogenic soils from 3 dimensional images in Korea. The objectives of this study were to characterize physical properties of anthropogenic paddy field soils by depth and to find differences between natural and anthropogenic paddy field soils. Soil samples were taken from two anthropogenic and natural paddy field soils; anthropogenic (A_c) and natural (N_c) paddy soils with topsoil of coarse texture and anthropogenic (A_f) and natural (N_f) paddy soils with topsoil of fine texture. The anthropogenic paddy fields were reestablished during the Arable Land Remodeling Project from 2011 to 2012 and continued rice farming after the project. Natural paddy fields had no artificial changes or disturbance in soil layers up to 1m depth. Samples were taken at three different depths and analyzed for routine physical properties (texture, bulk density, etc.) and pore properties with computer tomography (CT) scans. The CT scan provided 3 dimensional images at resolution of 0.01 mm to calculate pore radius size, length, and tortuosity of soil pores. Fractal and configuration entropy analyses were applied to quantify pore structure and analyze spatial distribution of pores within soil images. The results of measured physical properties showed no clear trend or significant differences across depths or sites from all samples, except the properties from topsoils. The results of pore morphology and spatial distribution analyses provided detailed information of pores affected by human influences. Pore length and size showed significant decrease in anthropogenic soils. Especially, pores of A_c had great decrease in length compared to N_c. Fractal and entropy analyses showed clear changes of pore distributions across sites. The topsoil layer of A_c showed more degradation of pore structure than that of N_c, while pores of A_f topsoil did not show significant degradation compared with those of N_f. These results concluded that anthropogenic soils with coarse texture may have more effects on pore properties than ones with fine texture. The reestablished paddy fields may need more fundamental remediation to improve physical conditions.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_3
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• pp.2027-2034
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• 2021

Using multi-temporal KOMPSAT-3/3A high-resolution satellite images, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the area around the Fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant was determined, and the pattern of vegetation changes was analyzed. To calculate the NDVI, surface reflectance from the KOMPSAT-3/3A satellite image was used. Satellite images from four years were used, and the zones where the images overlap was designated as the area of interest (AOI) for the study, and by setting a profile passing through highly vegetated area as a data analysis method, the changes by year were examined. In addition, random points were extracted within the AOI and displayed as a box plot to quantitatively indicate change of NDVI distribution pattern. The main results of this study showed that the NDVI in 2014 was low within AOI in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant, but vegetated area continued to expand until 2021. These results were also confirmed in the change monitoring results shown in a profile or box plot. In disaster areas where access is restricted, such as the Fukushima nuclear power plant area, where it is difficult to collect field data, obtaining land cover classification products with high accuracy using satellite images is challenging, so it is appropriate to analyze them using primary outputs such as vegetation indices obtained from high-resolution satellite imagery. It is necessary to establish an international cooperation system for jointly utilizing satellite images. Meanwhile, to periodically monitor environmental changes in neighboring countries that may affect the Korean peninsula, it is necessary to establish utilization models and systems using high-resolution satellite images.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.201-214
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• 2019

The concept of ecosystem services is important for the effective management of regional ecological resources. Multiple ecosystem services provided by regional ecosystems are represented as ecosystem service bundles, which define the co-occurrent ecosystem services in a specific region. Bundles provide useful information to identify regional characteristics of ecosystem services and categorize sub-regions with similar patterns of ecosystem service provision. We assessed eleven ecosystem services using modeling approaches and statistical data and produced bundles of cities in Gyeonggi-do.We also conducted principal component analysis and cluster analysis to categorize these cities according to the characteristics of ecosystem services. The results indicated that the cities in Gyeonggi-do were categorized into three groups depending on the types of provision,regulation, and cultural services, and were designated as urbanized, urban-forest, agriculture, or forest cities. These groups were influenced by land use patterns reflecting regional social-environmental features. The results provide useful information for identifying regional ecosystem services and facilitate decision-making in regional ecosystem service management.