• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 2006

In order to improve water quality of the Juam Lake, a constructed wetland was implemented and operated for 2 years with the effluent of sewage treatment plant and diffuse pollutant discharged from agricultural area. During the summer season, average removal efficiencies for BOD and SS were 15.8% and 39.4%, respectively. Due to the mixed effect of vegetation, soil microbes and sediments, the higher nutrient removal efficiencies were obtained: average T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 64.2% and 71.7%, respectively. The concentration of sediment was increased initially, and maintained constant throughout monitoring period. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were observed in Phragmites japonica. The nitrogen uptake was estimated as 0.235 DW mg/g while phosphorus uptake was estimated as 2.059 DW mg/g.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1996

광역수계에서 현재의 수질평가 방법은 시간과 장비 등의 제약으로 오염물질 분포, 이동 및 전반적인 수질현황을 파악하기가 어렵기 때문에 최근에는 대상수역의 수질을 동시적이고 공간적으로 측정을 할 수 있는 원격탐측 적용 연구가 증가추세에 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위성 원격탐측기법으로 호수 수질을 관측하고자 1995년 6월 20일과 1995년 3월 18일에 Landsat 5호 위성의 대청호 상공 통과시간에 맞춰 대청호에서 부영양화 관련 수질인자를 측정하여 위성데이터와 수질 실측치간의 상관관계 분석 및 회귀모델을 유도하였고 모델의 정밀도를 검증하였다 연구결과 TM데이터로부터 수질에 관한 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있었는데, 투명도, 탁도, 부유물질 및 클로로필은 높은 상관성을 보였으나 분광특성이 뚜렷하지 않은 총인, 총질소는 원격탐측 적용이 어려운 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2008

Lake Shiwha, an artificial lake located near metropolitan Seoul, offers a unique water environment and has been suspected to have high levels of chemical and microbiological contaminations. Lake Shiwha was originally connected to the sea but currently has four major surface water inputs from agricultural, municipal, industrial areas and in addition an occasional inflow from the sea. The objectives of this study are to investigate the relative contribution of microbial contaminants from each of the inflowing surface waters and to identify appropriate microbial indicator organisms in this unique water environment. We measured the levels of microbial contaminations in the four inflowing surface waters. A number of microbial indicator organisms including total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), E. coli, Enterococci, somatic and male-specific coliphages were analyzed. Bacterial indicator microorganisms were detected and quantified by the $Colilert^{(R)},\;Enterolert^{(R)}$ kit. Surface water (50 l) was sampled by $ViroCap^{TM}\;5"$ cartridge filters and analyzed by the single agar layer method for detecting coliphages. The concentrations of TC, FC, E. coli, and Enterococci were 1543 CFU/100 ml${\sim}1.99{\times}10^6$ CFU/100 ml, 0 CFU/100 ml${\sim}202$ CFU/100ml, 0 CFU/100 ml${\sim}1.80{\sim}10^5$ CFU/100ml, 74 CFU/100 ml${\sim}3408$ CFU/100 ml, respectively. The male-specific and somatic coliphages were detected in three different inflowing surface waters. Isolated E. coli and Enterococci strains were further analyzed by 16s rDNA amplification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis from Jungwang-chun, Ansan-chun, Banwol-chun and penstock of inflowing surface water. Our results indicated that the concentrations of different fecal indicator microorganisms might not be highly correlated with each other. Multiple microbial indicator organisms should be used for monitoring microbial contamination and microbial source tracking methods.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

A prototype surface flow constructed wetland was built in the upstream area of Sihwa reclaimed tidal lands to improve the water quality of Lake Sihwa by treating severely polluted stream water. In this study, we monitored hydrology, macrophyte (Phragmites communis Trin,) growth, and water quality in the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands to evaluate their performance during the initial period after the completion of wetland construction, The average removal efficiency($\%$) in each wetland was relatively low compared with the performance data from the North America Wetland Treatment System Database (NADB), which mainly includes urban sewage-treatment wetlands. However, the average removal rates per unit area ($g/m^{2}/day$) were 0.72, 0.72 and 0.51 (BOD), 2,04, 2.46 and 0.70 (SS), 0.89, 0.43 and 1.09 (TN) and 0.02, 0.02 and 0.02 (TP) in the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands and NADB, respectively. The overall performance of the Banwol and Donghwa wetlands was within the expected range of the wetland system processes contributing the reduction of the pollutant load to Lake Sihwa during the initial period of wetland operation. Considering the low influent concentration, high hydraulic loading rate, and insufficient macrophyte growth since the wetland was constructed, better performance is expected if an improved operational scheme is adopted.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2021

In this study, 48 streams in the Sapgyo Watershed were selected, and the Load Duration Curves (LDC) were drawn up for each stream using water quality and flow monitoring over the last three years (2018-2020), and it was evaluated whether the target water quality was achieved for each flow section. As a result of evaluating whether or not the target water quality exceeded according to the LDC, it was found that 22 rivers exceeded the target water quality. Five rivers exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, 13 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and 4 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to both point and non-point pollutant sources. Among the rivers that exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, which included domestic sewage of the untreated population, there is a need to reduce the influx of polluted loads by the untreated population. The use of eco-friendly fertilizers is recommended for rivers with a relatively high farmland ratio among rivers exceeding the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and installation of boiling point reduction facilities that can reduce the amount of polluted load introduced during rainfall or manage water shores. In rivers with a large number of livestock breeding heads, the livestock houses located in these rivers need to be preferentially transferred to livestock manure treatment plants. Due to the high ratio of land area because of urbanization, initial rainwater treatment facilities are required to reduce the amount of pollutant load flowing into the river through the impermeable layer during rainfall.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

Eutrophicated water fed through Mankyeong River and Dongjin River into the new Saemankeum Lakemight seriously affect the water quality and phytoplankton community in the lake. To obtain control reference data for the later studies on environmental changes due to the construction of the Saemankeum Sea Wall, we performed a monthly investigation on the physico-chemical properties of the water and phytoplankton community at 3 stations in the Mankyeong River Estuary over 14 months starting from September 1999. Water temperature ranged from $0.3{\sim}32.9^{\circ}C$ due to the typical seasonal variations in temperate on the coasts and salinity exhibited a wide annual range of $0.2{\sim}33.7$ psu along with regular and huge hourly variations according to tidal cycles. Inorganic nutrients were supplied from rivers to the monitoring station and the whole lake. The average concentration of total-N, $6.99\;mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$, was higher than the water quality for agricultural use with peak values occurring in winter. Species composition showed a seasonal succession pattern, where a high diversity was observedin summer and autumn and vice versa in winter. Hourly variations of water properties in the "Mankyeong bridge" Station were quite regular and well in accordance with the daily tidal cycles. The different degree of sea water intrusion during the flood tide at each of the 3 stations exhibited a different range and variation pattern of water temperature and salinity throughout a day. Hourly changes in species composition were in harmony with the daily tidal cycles, resulting in extremely variable spatio-temporal variation.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권1호통권106호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2004

분변성 대장균(Fecal coliform bacteria)은 미국 버지니아주의 수체에 있어서 주요 오염원 중의 하나이다. 1995년부터 2000년까지의 Polecat creek유역의 4개 측정지점에 대하여 하천수의 분변성대장균 농도를 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안에 측정된 분변성 대장균 농도의 중앙값은 80 cfu/100mL부터 170 cfu/100mL까지 변화하였으며, 기하평균은 81cfu/100mL부터 141 cfu/100mL의 범위를 보였다. Caroline호의 수체에 의한 희석과 침전 등의 영향으로 측정지점 QPB의 분변성 대장균 농도가 주변의 측정지점인 QPD보다 낮게 나타났다. 계절별로는 여름철(6${\sim}$8월)에 비교적 높은 농도를 보인 반면에 겨울철(12${\sim}$82월)에는 상대적으로 분변성 대장균의 농도가 낮게 조사되었다. 이는 여름철 기간동안에 가축과 야생동물들이 하천에서 보내는 시간이 많기 때문에 이들 동물의 분비물이 직접 하천으로 유입되며, 낮은 온도보다는 높은 온도에서 대장균의 생장과 번식이 활발하기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 분변성 대장균과 같은 미생물의 조사는 조사목적에 따라 측정시기를 결정하는 것이 측정에 의한 오차를 배제할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2018

소옥천 유역 내 본류 8개 지점의 수질 모니터링 자료를 이용하여 한국형 부영양화지수($TSI_{ko}$)를 산정하고 COD, T-P, Chl-a에 의해 계산된 인자별 $TSI_{ko}$를 이용하여 하천에 대한 환경특성을 분류하고 평가하였다. 소옥천 유역의 경우 수심이 얕고 강우시 비점오염 유입, 하수처리장 방류수 유입, 체류시간 증가 등으로 조류가 성장하기 좋은 조건을 갖추고 있어 연중 중영양 이상의 영양 상태를 보이고 있다. 특히 대청호 유입 지점인 추소 지점의 경우 수리학적 특성으로 인해 수질이 악화되어 부영양 상태를 나타내고 있었다. 따라서 소옥천에 대한 정밀 모니터링을 통해 원인분석과 이에 따른 수질개선대책 수립이 우선적으로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

There are fifteen non-point pollution management areas in Korea and three of them (Doam lake, Daegi district and Golji-cheon) are located in the upstream of the Namhan river watershed. Many efforts to reduce non-point sources (NPS) pollution have been conducted, however, water quality pollution in the watershed is still serious. To solve these problems, it is a priority to grasp water quality using statistical techniques. In this study, a trend analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of NPS management in the watershed. The long-term trends from 1996 to 2018 of water quality properties were analyzed using data collected from the water environment information system. Seventeen monitoring stations were selected along the main stream in Namhan river basin. Monthly water quality properties (BOD, COD, TN, TP, TN/TP ratio, Conductivity, SS and Chlorophyll-a) were collected and analyzed by Mann-Kendall test and LOWESS. The results showed that the Conductivity tended to increase in all regions and was the highest level in Jijangcheon. Organic pollution such as BOD and COD tended to increase in the Jungseon area. SS did not show a large tendency, but it showed high concentration in the Doam watershed. In all regions, 40% of water quality properties showed a tendency to 'UP', 15% of water quality properties tended to 'DOWN', and 46% indicated no tendency. In order to determine the cause of this, additional research and measures for improvement are necessary. This study will be used for the establishment of water quality policy in the future.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2003

Monitoring data from agricultural reservoirs throughout the country were analyzed to classify agricultural reservoirs according to physical characteristics and COD concentrations, and evaluate the relationships bet-ween water quality items. The physical and chemical data of total 498 reservoirs were analyzed from 1990 to 2001. Average COD, TP, TN, Chl-a, SS concentrations for the reservoirs and pollutant loadings from their watersheds were used for the analysis. It was possible that reservoirs were classified to 4 types using the relationships between the ratios of effective storage per water surface (ST/WS ratio) and COD concentrations. It is recommended that the improvement measures of polluted reservoirs should be performed as following order : integrated consolidation type (complex mechanism type) $\rightarrow$ watershed consolidation type $\rightarrow$ integrated consolidation type (external mechanism type) $\rightarrow$ in-lake consolidation type $\rightarrow$ conservation type and the depth (ST/WS ratio) of reservoir maintained over 5~6 m for water quality improvement. The decision coefficients ($r^2$) between Chl-a and other items (COD, T-P, SS, T-N) were 0.6915, 0.6732, 0.5327, 0.3352, respectively. Therefore, reservoir managers could evaluate the trophic state of reservoirs by COD concentrations.