• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.202-204
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• 1999

Methanol extracts of leaves from 15 Pinus species belonging to the family Pinaceae were tested for their in vitro growth-inhibiting activities against 10 bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of human, using impregnated paper disk methods. The inhibitory activities varied with both bacterial strain and Pinus species used. At a concentration of 10 mg/disk, a clear growth inhibition was produced from the extracts of Pinus armandii, P. banksiana, P. bungeana, P. densiflora, P. rigida, and P. thunbergii against Clostridium perfringens, whereas all Pinus samples revealed weak or little growth-inhibiting activity against Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. At 5 mg/disk, the extracts of P. banksiana and P. thunbergii exhibited potent growth inhibition toward C. perfringens. All the extracts except the one from P. densiflora did not adversely affect growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. longum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. animalis, and Lactobacillus casei. The growth-inhibiting activity was more pronounced in C. perfringens, as compared to the lactic acid-producing bacteria. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological activities of these Pinus species.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2003

Kefir is a traditional fermented milk in Caucasusian area and is made mainly of milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Six typical kefir grains were selected from ten kefir grains collected from different locals in Korea. Kefir grains were gelatinous in texture and had various shapes of villi, grapes, leaves, hulled millets, and towels. To investigate predominant microflora of kefir grains, SPC, MRS, M17, Rogosa, and APT agar media were used for viable cell count MRS, SPC, and Rogosa media were most acceptable for bacterial cell counts of the selected kefir grains. From one or two of the SPC agar plates which contained around 25∼50 colonies, all grown colonies were isolated and identified. Most predominant bacteria was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum by API 50 CHL kit. The proportions of Lb. fermentum and Lb. brevis among the total identified bacteria were around 41~88% and M4%, respectively. To select the best preservation method for kefir grains, refrigeration, freezing, and freeze drying were compared. Freeze drying was found most suitable for the preservation of kefir grains, based upon their acid-producing activities and production of off-flavors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.290-295
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an effective probiotic dairy product to normalize the microbial flora in Korean infants. A total of 2,200 colonies were isolated from 25 Korean neonates, and 16S rRNA of 348 isolates was analyzed. Approximately 40% of the lactic-acid producing bacterial isolates were Enterococcus faecalis, and 34.2% of them were strains similar to XR7 in the GenBank database. The fastest growing strain in MRS broth was registered as 91532 by the KACC. The selected strain was freeze-dried and utilized to ferment a milk-containing rice soup, tarakjuk. Microbiological, physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of the fermented tarakjuk were compared with fermented milk and tarakjuk. E. faecalis KACC 91532 increased from $6.14{\pm}0.19$ to $7.36{\pm}0.13$ Log CFU/mL, and can be useful as a probiotic, as described in the Standards for Functional Health Foods.