• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.843-855
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• 1995

Occupational Dentistry was introduced in Korea about 70 years ago. During the colonial period occupied by Japan till 1945, there were few documents about industrial dentistry, furthermore most cases of occupational diseases and accidents might have been concealed intentionally by the colonial government. After being an independent country, several dentists made efforts to set up 'Preventive Dentistry for Workers' performing specific oral health surveys, even though which were stopped by Korean War. In 1960s' and 1970s', some investigations of oral status were carried out intermittently for specific small groups;white-collar workers, mentally retarded person, buddhist monks and crews of ocean liners. At the same time there was important study in Korean history of occupational dentistry, which was 'a comparison of the oral hygiene conditions in the female workers of a spinning factory at intervals of 30 years.' In 1980s', young researchers began to give attention to erosion of the teeth due to sulphuric acid in the acid-related industry and dental caries due to sugar and flour in the sweets industry. After being democratic labor union movement activated in 1987, hidden and suppressed occupational diseases under the military dictatorship were exposed and flushed in the newspapers. It was shocking for all people that 15-year old boy had been dead due to mercury intoxication after 3-month employment in 1988. In 1990s', the activity for studying oral status of workers in their workplaces was launched and 'Occupational Accidents and Diseases in Oral and Maxillofacial Field' was published. And also The Korean Association of Occupationl Dentistry was established. Oral health examination of workers at the time of employment and of workers exposed to 5 special chemicals at the time of routine special health examination was adopted in 1992, and epocally oral health examination was also included in periodic routine examination of workers' health in 1995. So, occupational dentistry in Korea should cope with the changing needs of working environment and the altering scheme of health examination.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2011

Soil structure plays an important role in ecological system, since it controls transport and storage of air, gas, nutrients and solutions. The study of soil structure requires an understanding of the interrelations and interactions between the diverse soil components at various levels of organization. Investigations of the spatial distribution of pore/particle arrangements and the geometry of soil pore space can provide important information regarding ecological or crop system. Because of conveniences in image analyses and accuracy, these investigations have been thrived for a long time. Image analyses from soil sections through impregnated blocks of undisturbed soil (2 dimensional image analyses) or from 3 dimensional scanned soils by computer tomography allow quantitative assessment of the pore space. Image analysis techniques can be used to classify pore types and quantify pore structure without inaccurate or hard labor in laboratory. In this paper, the last 50 years of the soil image analyses have been presented and measurements on various soil scales were introduced, as well. In addition to history of image analyses, a couple of examples for soil image analyses were displayed. The discussion was made on the applications of image analyses and techniques to quantify pore/soil structure.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Background: Methyl alcohol poisoning in mobile phone-manufacturing factories during 2015-2016 was caused by methyl alcohol use for cleaning in computerized numerical control (CNC) processes. To determine whether there were health complications in other workers involved in similar processes, the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute conducted a survey. Methods: We established a national active surveillance system by collaborating with the Ministry of Employment and Labor and National Health Insurance Service. Employment and national health insurance data were used. Overall, 12,048 employees of major domestic mobile phone companies and CNC process dispatch workers were surveyed from 2016 to 2017. We investigated methyl alcohol poisoning by using the national health insurance data. Questionnaires were used to investigate diseases due to methyl alcohol poisoning. Results: Overall, 24.9% of dispatched workers were employed in at least five companies, and 23.9% of dispatched workers had missing employment insurance history data. The prevalence of blindness including visual impairment, optic neuritis, visual disturbances, and alcohol toxicity in the study participants was higher than that reported in the national health insurance database (0.02%, 0.07%, 0.23%, and 0.03% versus 0.01%, 0.07%, 0.13%, and 0.01%, respectively, in 2015). Moreover, 430 suspicious workers were identified; 415 of these provided an address and phone number, of whom 48 responded (response rate, 11.6%). Among the 48 workers, 10 had diseases at the time of the survey, of whom 3 workers were believed to have diseases related to methyl alcohol exposure. Conclusion: This study revealed that active surveillance data can be used to assess health problems related to methyl alcohol poisoning in CNC processes and dispatch workers.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-193
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• 2017

본 연구는 우리나라에서 동학적 고용안정성을 진단하기 위해서 고용유지율에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 분석하였다. 고용유지 결정요인 분석을 위해서 사업체 패널자료와 고용보험 이력자료를 연계하고, 다층적 위계적 자료 분석에 적절한 다층 분석모형을 활용하여 결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 우리나라에서 고용안정성이 매우 낮은 것은 임금수준이 낮고 비정규직 활용수준이 높은 주변부 부문이 광범위하게 존재하기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 우리나라의 고용구조는 고용과 실업이 반복되는 단기간 고용이 상당한 영역을 차지하면서 전반적으로 고용안정성이 약한 것으로 평가된다. 이러한 사실은 기업이나 개인적 차원에서 숙련향상 및 숙련형성기회가 제한되면서 지속적인 성장 제약요인으로 작용할 가능성이 높으며, 이에 대한 적극적 대응책으로 고용구조의 질적 개선노력이 요구된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2022

Background: To explore the association between low back pain (LBP) and pelvic pain (PP) and rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD) in postpartum women and identify the characteristics and risk factors. Methods: Women diagnosed with RAD and a history of labor and delivery, between 2009 and 2018, were identified from six hospitals within the Partners Healthcare System. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with pain. Results: Age at onset of RAD in the non-cesarean delivery group was earlier than those in cesarean delivery (CD) group (P = 0.017). Women who underwent CD demonstrated 4.5 times greater risk of RAD than those who had no CD exposure. The cumulative composition ratio of LBP at every age stage of the period from 8 years pre-first delivery to 8 years post-first delivery was significantly higher than the other five conditions (RAD, umbilical hernia, PP, depressive disorder [DD], and strain of muscle, fascia, and tendon [SMFT]) (P for trend < 0.001). Women with DD, SMFT, and PP were more likely to have LBP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 3.47, P = 0.032; OR = 4.50, 95% CI 1.64 to 12.36, P = 0.003; OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.89, P = 0.013; respectively). Conclusions: In postpartum women with RAD, DD, SMFT, and PP were found to be risk factors contributing to the development of LBP. Race and LBP also played roles in the development of PP.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Mongolian folk songs are inspired by Mongolian labor songs and are classified into long and short songs. Mongolian long songs have ancient origins, are rich in legends, and are a great source of folklore. So it was inscribed by UNESCO in 2008. Mongolian written literature is formed under the direct influence of oral literature. Mongolian long song has 3 classes: ayzam, suman, and besreg by their lyrics and structure. In ayzam long song, the world perfectly embodies the philosophical nature of world phenomena and the nature of human life. Suman long song has a wide range of topics such as the common way of life, respect for ancestors, respect for fathers, respect for mountains and water, livestock and animal husbandry, as well as the history of Mongolia. Besreg long songs are dominated by commanded and trained characters. In this paper, we proposed a method to classify their 3 types of long songs using machine learning, based on their lyrics structures without semantic information. We collected lyrics of over 80 long songs and extracted 11 features from every single song. The features are the name of a song, number of the verse, number of lines, number of words, general value, double value, elapsed time of verse, elapsed time of 5 words, and the longest elapsed time of 1 word, full text, and type label. In experimental results, our proposed features show on average 78% recognition rates in function type machine learning methods, to classify the ayzam, suman, and besreg classes.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 한국고용정보원의 청년패널조사(YP2007) 10-14차(2016~2020년) 직업력 자료를 이용하여 미혼 청년층의 주거 관련 특성 현황들을 살펴보고, 주거의 특성들과 취업한 일자리의 특성들이 결혼 의향(의지)에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 종합해 보면, 고학력층, 고임금 취업자, 가구주이거나 경제적으로 독립한 청년층, 경제적으로 재정상태가 좋은 청년층은 결혼 의지가 높게 나타나고 있어 경제적 여건이 매우 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 결과적으로 부모로부터 경제적으로 독립한 상당수의 청년취업자 중에서도 상용직, 대기업, 고임금의 청년층은 결혼할 의향이 높게 나타나고 있는 반면, 임시/일용직, 중소기업, 저임금의 고용상태가 취약한 청년층은 결혼에 대한 의향도 낮게 나타나고 있다. 결국 노동시장에서 취약한 상태에 있는 청년층의 경우도 자신의 생애과정에 있어 매우 중요한 의미를 가지고 있는 결혼에 대해서도 포기하거나 미루게 되는 현상이 나타나고 있는 것으로 추정된다. 이에 청년층의 일자리 문제에 대한 개선과 지원정책을 강화함과 동시에 주거문제의 개선 및 대책도 충분히 검토되어야 한다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1226-1236
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• 2022

Because students majoring in construction-related fields must develop a broad repository of knowledge and skills, effective transferal of these is the primary focus of most academic programs. While inculcation of this body of knowledge is certainly critical, actual construction projects are complicated ventures that involve levels of risk and uncertainty, such as resistant neighboring communities, unforeseen weather conditions, escalating material costs, labor shortages and strikes, accidents on jobsites, challenges with emerging forms of technology, etc. Learning how to develop a level of discernment about potential ways to handle such uncertainty often takes years of costly trial-and-error in the proverbial "school of hard knocks." There is therefore a need to proactively expedite the development of a sharpened intuition when making decisions. The AGC Education and Research Foundation case study committee was formed to address this need. Since its inception in 2011, 14 freely downloadable case studies have thus far been jointly developed by an academics and industry practitioners to help educators elicit varied responses from students about potential ways to respond when facing an actual project dilemma. AGC case studies are typically designed to focus on a particular concern and topics have thus far included: ethics, site logistics planning, financial management, prefabrication and modularization, safety, lean practices, preconstruction planning, subcontractor management, collaborative teamwork, sustainable construction, mobile technology, and building information modeling (BIM). This session will include an overview of the history and intent of the AGC case study program, as well as lively interactive demonstrations and discussions on how case studies can be used both by educators within a typical academic setting, as well as by industry practitioners seeking a novel tool for their in-house training programs.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

The goal of this study is to promote the spread of environmentally friendly agricultural products, which have been receiving a lot of attention lately, as a way to improve food safety and quality. As a result of the increased labor input, increased production costs, and an aging population, environmentally friendly agriculture is making it more difficult for farmers to expand their enterprises. In the meantime, consumers find it difficult to spread eco-friendly agricultural products due to their high expectations for safety and quality, as well as the desire to purchase products at a reasonable price. Previous studies have revealed differences in perceptions between eco-friendly agricultural producers and consumers. In light of this, this study divided consumers based on their characteristics (such as age, purchase history, health concerns, etc.), and different policies were proposed in order to increase purchasing factors for each group based on their characteristics. In order to gather information for this study, general citizens were asked about their perceptions of eco-friendly agricultural products, future purchase intentions and awareness, reliability, necessity, purpose, and information sources. A two-step clustering analysis was conducted using nominal and continuous variables simultaneously. The paper presents the three derived group differences (senior organic interest group, middle-aged organic interest group, and indifferent young organics) as well as group differences for the purchasing/non-purchasing factor analysis and policy improvement for each group. An eco-friendly agricultural product distribution proposal was made at the end of this article.

• 예술경영연구
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• 제51호
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• pp.167-190
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• 2019

예술가에게 있어 저작권은 자신의 창작성을 공식적·법률적으로 확정하는 것과 창작에 대한 경제적 가치를 담보하는 제도로서의 유용성이 있다. 그러나 예술 개념의 불확정성은 저작권의 법률로서의 안정성을 취약하게 만드는 원인이 된다. 본 논문은 저작권이 순수예술분야, 특히 현대 시각예술의 분야에 적용될 때 어떤 한계가 있는가를 이론적으로 분석한다. 저작권법의 한계는 근본적으로는 예술 정의의 불확정성에 있는데 다음과 같은 두 개의 차원에서 문제가 된다. 첫 번째는 예술의 정의와 저작권법의 정의에 있어서 공히 문제가 되는 표현과 아이디어의 이분법이다. 표현과 아이디어의 개념적 구분이 실제로 가능한가의 문제를 예술철학의 차원에서 고찰해본다. 두번째는 예술에 대한 새로운 정의가 문제가 될 때이다. 개념예술은 표현와 아이디어의 이분법이 불가능하다는 연장 선상에서 발생하는 것으로서 개념이 예술이 될 때 발생하는 문제를 지적한다. 공공예술이나 참여예술은 예술창작의 결과물보다는 창작의 과정에서 발생하는 예술작품에 대한 관점과 태도를 변화가 초래하는 저작권의 문제를 제기한다. 이러한 분석은 예술가의 경제적 권리확보 수단으로서의 저작권의 불완전성을 성찰하고 이를 보완하기 위한 제도적 방안을 탐색하는 근거가 된다는 점을 제시한다.