• Mycobiology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Nine species of genus Ganoderma collected in Korea and abroad including Ganoderma lucidum complex and G. lucidum were compared by investigating growth characteristics. In the bottle culture, the mycelial growth periods of G. lucidum from Taiwan and North America was 26 to 30 days compared to that of Korean G. lucidum, which was 30 to 32 days. Cultivation period of Taiwan and North American isolates was 30 to 32 days which were 11 to 17 days shorter than those of Korean isolates. Biological efficiency of Taiwan and North American isolates were ranged from 3.3 to 5.5%, which were apparently lower than that of Korean isolates which ranged from 6.2 to 9.4%. Korean isolates had longer stipes($15{\sim}40$ mm) and more number of pileus($4{\sim}6$/bottle) than those of Taiwan and North American isolates. The G. lucidum isolates collected from Korea will be regarded as the independent species from the G. lucidum collected from Taiwan and North America since, the G. lucidum from Korea showed much different growth characteristics in various aspects compared to the G. lucidum from Taiwan and North America.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This study has focused on response rates for ethnic groups of American by Short Form Sasang Classification Questionnaire for American (SF SSCQ-A). 2. Methods: By analysing the tendency of the respondents who have been defined ethnic groups and comparing of their answers, the result of their ethnic groups analysis by our questionnaire were examined. Each item response rate on SF_SSCQ-A was analysed between Caucasian and Non-Caucasian respectively. 3. Results and Conclusions: There were the significantly different 11 items between Caucasian and Non-Caucasian. And there were the poor response 26 items; the excessively affirmative 1 item, the excessively negative 18 items, no response 7 items.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

Objectives : The objective of this study is to report the clinical effects of Korean medical treatment for spinal subdural hematoma associated with anticoagulant drug. Methods : The patients were treated using acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medication, moxibustion and physical treatment. And we checked American Spinal Injury Association scale, Spinal Cord Independence Measure Version III. Results : Motor score on the American Spinal Injury Association scale is increased 50 to 72. Sensory score on the American Spinal Injury Association scale is increased 124 to 170. Spinal Cord Independence Measure Version III is increased 18 to 26. Conclusions : This study suggest that Korean medical treatments are effective to spinal subdural hematoma patient.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

The chemical characteristics of seed oils of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) at different ages grown in Korea (3, 4 and 5-year old) and China (5-year old), and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliu L., 5-year old) grown in China were compared. Total fatty acid composition showed a significantly higher oleic acid content in American (87.50%) than in Korean (68.02~69.14%) and Chinese ginseng seed oils (61.19%). At the sn-2 position, the highest oleic acid (81.09%) and lowest linoleic acid (15.77%) were found in American ginseng seed oil. The main triacylglycerol species in ginseng seed oils were triolein (OOO) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (LOO)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-linoleoyl-glycerol (OLO). In addition, the seed oils possessed an ideal oxidative stability showing 16.55~23.12 hr of induction time by Rancimat test. The results revealed that ginseng seed oil could be developed as a new healthy edible oil, and that the oil's chemical characteristics were strongly associated with the ginseng species and habitats.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This study investigates the difference in the evaluation of foreign-accentedness of English pronunciation across subject groups, evaluated accents, and compared components. This study independently evaluates the prosody and segmentals of the foreign-accented English sentences by pairwise difference rating. Using the prosody swapping technique, segmentals and prosody of the English sentences read by native speakers of American English (one male and one female) were combined with the corresponding segmentals and prosody of the English sentences read by male and female native speakers of Chinese, Japanese or Korean (one male and one female from each native language). These stimuli were evaluated by 4 different subject groups: native speakers of American English, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese. The results showed that the Japanese subject group scored higher in prosody difference than in segmental difference while the other groups scored the other way around. This study is significant in that the attitude toward the difference in segmentals and prosody of the foreign accents of English varies with the native language of the subject group. In other words, for native speakers of some languages, the difference in prosody could have a greater influence on the foreign-accentedness than the difference in segmentals, while for native speakers of other languages the other way around.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

The findings in contrastive rhetoric research of the twentieth century have shown that different cultures have different conventions in organizing written texts. These culture-related conventions were claimed to influence English texts written by L2 learners, including Asian learners of English. However, due to the massive inflow of the American culture into Asia as well as increased exposure to English in the midst of globalization of the last decade, it is quite probable that the textual gap between the native English writers and Asian EFL writers have been reduced. The present study investigates the changes that have taken place in EFL writer's knowledge of genre-specific writing over the past decade. To this aim, this study compared four sets of application essays written by four groups of applicants (1) native American applicants in 1993, (2) Korean EFL applicants in 1933, (3) native American applicants in 2003, and (4) Korean EFL applicants in 2003. The results suggested that the disparity between the Korean EFL writers' and the native English writers' texts were becoming less noticeable at the macro-level, possibly due to Korean EFL writers' enhanced textual awareness of English genre structures Pedagogical implications are discussed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Objectives: A healthy campus enables students to pursue their academic goals. This study examines the health in a broad spectrum of university students and suggests a systematic approach to building a healthy university campus. Methods: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2009) results and the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (2000-2011) report were used as bases for this study. Results: The most common health problems were allergies, sinusitis, ear infections, anemia, depression, and stress among both American students and Korean young people in the 19-29 age group. American students were more likely to be overweight, while Korean young people were to become underweight. College students were also less likely to practice healthy behavior(i.e. vaccinations, physical activity, and not smoking). To build a healthy university campus, six areas of health services are suggested: medical care, health education, counseling, immunization, heath promotion, and employee assistance programs (EAP). In addition, universities should develop effective strategies to improve health on campus, such as community partnerships. Conclusions: To make the most of the limited resources requires a systematic approach that focuses on continuous monitoring of health on campus, health surveys, and collaboration between universities and their communities.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2011

Many Korean children have difficulty learning English vowels. The gestures inside the oral and pharyngeal cavities are hard to control when they cannot see the gestures and the target vowel system is quite different from that of Korean. This study attempts to collect children's acoustic data of twelve English vowels published by Hillenbrand et al. (1995) online and to examine the acoustic features of English vowels for phoneticians and English teachers. The author used Praat to obtain the data systematically at six equidistant timepoints over the vowel segment avoiding any obvious errors. Results show inherent acoustic properties for vowels from the children's distribution of vowel duration, f0 and intensity values. Second, children's gestures for each vowel coincide with the regression analysis of all formant values at different timepoints regardless of the vocal fold and tract difference. Third, locus points appear higher than those of American males and females. Their gestures along the timepoints display almost similar patterns. From the results the author concludes that vowel formant trajectories provide useful and important information on dynamic articulatory gestures, which may be applicable to Korean children's education and correction of English vowels. Further studies on the developmental study of vowel formants and pitch values are desirable.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-103
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• 2022

Objective: This study examined five- to six-year-old children's categorization of mixed-race faces and how it was affected by perceptual individuation training (PIT) for other-races. Methods: Sixty-five children attending classes for 5-year-olds in childcare centers were shown happy and angry faces of Korean and African American mixed-race people, along with neutral faces of Korean and African American monoracial people. They were asked to categorize the faces into same-race or other-race. After the pretest, participants received a PIT for either African American (other-race) or monkeys. Then the racial categorization task was administered again as a posttest. Results: Children showed no general tendency to categorize mixed-race faces as out-group in the pretest. Yet, the PITs further reduced children's categorization of mixed-race faces as out-group. In particular, the effect was clearly evident in children who received the PIT for other-race. Conclusion/Implications: The results suggest that the tendency to categorize mixed-race faces as an out-group may not be evident in early childhood and that experiences of perceptually identifying other-race individuals may help children view mixed-race individuals as being in the ingroup, at least perceptually.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.574-575
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• 1996

The theme of the current study is to study intonation of Taiwanese(Tw.) by comparing the intonation patterns in native language (Ll), target language (L2), and interlanguage (IL). Studies on interlanguage have dealt primarily with segments. Though there were studies which addressed to the issues of interlanguage intonation, more often than not, they didn't offer evidence for the statement, and the hypotheses were mainly based on impression. Therefore, a formal description of interlanguage intonation is necessary for further development in this field. The basic assumption of this study is that native speakers of one language perceive and produce a second language in ways closely related to the patterns of their first language. Several studies on interlanguage prosody have suggested that prosodic structure and rules are more subject to transfer than certain other phonological phenomena, given their abstract structural nature and generality(Vogel 1991). Broselow(1988) also shows that interlanguage may provide evidence for particular analyses of the native language grammar, which may not be available from the study of the native language alone. Several research questions will be addressed in the current study: A. How does duration vary among native and nominative utterances\ulcorner The results shows that there is a significant difference in duration between the beginning English learners, and the native speakers of American English for all the eleven English sentences. The mean duration shows that the beginning English learners take almost twice as much time (1.70sec.), as Americans (O.97sec.) to produce English sentences. The results also show that American speakers take significant longer time to speak all ten Taiwanese utterances. The mean duration shows that Americans take almost twice as much time (2.24sec.) as adult Taiwanese (1.14sec.) to produce Taiwanese sentences. B. Does proficiency level influence the performance of interlanguage intonation\ulcorner Can native intonation patterns be achieved by a non-native speaker\ulcorner Wenk(1986) considers proficiency level might be a variable which related to the extent of Ll influence. His study showed that beginners do transfer rhythmic features of the Ll and advanced learners can and do succeed in overcoming mother-tongue influence. The current study shows that proficiency level does play a role in the acquisition of English intonation by Taiwanese speakers. The duration and pitch range of the advanced learners are much closer to those of the native American English speakers than the beginners, but even advanced learners still cannot achieve native-like intonation patterns. C. Do Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers\ulcorner Ross et. al.(1986) suggests that the presence of tone in a language significantly inhibits the unrestricted manipulation of three acoustical measures of prosody which are involved in producing local pitch changes in the fundamental frequency contour during affective signaling. Will the presence of tone in a language inhibit the ability of speakers to modulate intonation\ulcorner The results do show that Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers. Both advanced (84Hz) and beginning learners (58Hz) of English show a significant narrower FO range than that of Americans' (112Hz), and the difference is greater between the beginning learners' group and native American English speakers.