• 제목/요약/키워드: korean cabbage

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배추 생산량 추정에 영향을 미치는 기상요소 연구 (Study on Meteorological Factors affecting Estimation of Chinese Cabbage Yield)

  • 김용석;심교문;정명표;최인태
    • 한국기후변화학회지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 2015
  • A Chinese cabbage is one of important vegetables which accounts for more than 60 percent of leaf vegetable. However, cultivation area and yield of Chinese cabbage are steadily decreasing recently. Because meteorological changes destabilize the balance of Chinese cabbage, we need to study on meteorological factors affecting estimation of Chinese cabbage yield. So we conducted a panel analysis using mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and sunshine's duration from August to November for estimation of Chinese cabbage yield. As the results, we found that if the mean temperature of September increase by $1^{\circ}C$ the amount of production of Chinese cabbage per unit area was increased by 348.6 kg/10a. We also found that the mean temperature of October increased by 174.8 kg/10a, that of November 148 kg/10a, the difference between the maxium temperature and the minimum temperature of October equals 443.3 kg/10a. However, we found that the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of November decreased 274.1 kg/10a.

통배추김치 제조의 표준화 연구 I. 농도별 건염법이 배추 질감에 미치는 영향 (Standardization of Preparation of Chinese Cabbage Kimchi I. Effects of Dry Salting of Method Salt Content on the Texture of Kimchi)

  • 정순애;오현희;전소현;최은정;김병미;조신호
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.423-429
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    • 2003
  • 통배추 김치제조의 표준화 연구를 위해 소금농도와 절임방법을 달리한 후 소금함량과 조직감의 변화를 분석하였다. 1. 관능검사 결과 건염법에서 소금농도가 증가할수록 견고성과 아삭아삭함은 감소하고, 씹힘성은 증가하였다. 2. 줄기와 잎의 소금농도에서 염수법(16%B)은배추줄기와 잎의 농도 차가 크게 나타났고, 이는 상관관계 분석결과에서도 16%B에서만 음의 상관성을 나타내므로써 확인할 수 있었다. 3. 기계적 분석의 결과는 소금농도가 증가할수록 압착력은 감소하고, 절단력은 증가하였다. 그리고 압착력에 비해 절단력이 소금농도에 더 예민하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 4. 현미경 관찰에 의한 세포벽의 미세구조는 소금농도에 따라 점차적으로 변형되는 반면, 유관속계는 일정 소금농도에서 완전히 붕괴되었다. 5. 배추의 소금농도와 상관성인 큰 변수로는 아삭아삭함과 절단력이 유의성 있는 결과를 보였다. 또한 절임배추에 있어서 절단력의 증가는 아삭아삭함과 상관성을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 16%B와 10%S에서 소금농도와 관능적, 기계적 측정결과가 유사하였으며, 소금농도와 질감의 변화를 고려하였을 때 10%S와 12%S가 가장 적당하였다. 또한 배추의 절임 정도를 예민하게 판정하는 지표로는 아삭아삭함과 절단력으로 나타났다. 그러므로 소규모의 김치제조시 염수법보다 건염법을 이용하면 소금의 양을 절약하고 절임시간을 단축할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 줄기와 잎이 고르게 절여지므로 균일한 맛의 김치를 제조할 수 있다.

밭작물소비수량에 관한 기초적 연구 -토마토 및 가을배추- (Basic Studies on the Consumptive Use of Water Required for Dry Field Crops -Tomato and Chinese Cabbage-)

  • 김철기;김진한;최홍규
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 1988
  • The purpose of this study is to fmd out the bask data for irrigation plans of tomato and chinese cabbage during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficients of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum evapotranspiration, optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soji texture for split plot, and three levels, irrigation points with PF 1.8, PF 2.2, PF 2.6 for tomato and those with PF 1.9, PF 2.3, PF 2.7, for Chinese cabbage, soil textures of silty clay, sandy loam and sandy soil for both tomato and Chinese cabbage, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteoralogical factors considered. Therefore, the pan evaporation is enough to be used as a meteorological index measuring the quantity of evapotranspiration. 2. 1/10 probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for tomato and Chinese cabbage were shown as 355.8 mm and 233.0 mm, respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for tomato and Chinese cabbage, 68.0 mm and 43.8 mm, respectively. 3. The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can be occurred, exists at any stage of growing period for tomato, and at any growth stage till the late of Septemberfor Chinese cabbage. 4. The magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient for tomato and Chinese cabbage was occurred in the order of pF 1.8>pF 2.2>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7 respectively in aspect of irrigation point and of silty clay>sandy loam>sandy soil in aspect of soil texture. 5. 1/10 probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period of tomato were shown as 327.3 mm and 0.92 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 261.0 mm and 1.12 respectively. 6. The time that maximum evapotranspiration of tomato can be occurred is at the date of fortieth to fiftieth after transplanting and the time for Chinese cabbage is presumed to he in the late of septemben At that time, 1/10 probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for tomato is presumed to be 74.8 mm and 1.10 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 43.8 mm and 1.00. 7. In aspect of only irrigaton point, the weight of raw tomato and Chinese cabbage were mcreased in the order of pF 2.2>pF 1.8>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7, respectively but optimum irrigation point for tomato and Chinese cabbage, is presumed to be pF 2.6 - 2.7 if nonsignificance of the yield between the different irrigation treatments, economy of water, and reduction in labour of irrigaion are synthetically considered. 8. The soil moisture extraction patterns of tomato and Chinese cabbage have shown that maximum extraction rate exists at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth m any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates of 21 cm deep layer and 35 cm deep layer have shown tendency to be more increased in silty clay than in any other soils. 9. As optimum irrigation point is presumed to be pF Z6-2.7, total readily available moisture of tomato in silty clay, sandy loam and sandy sofl becomes to be 19.06 mm, 21.37 mm and 20.91 mm respectively while that of Chinese cabbage, 18.51 mm, 20.27 mm, 21.11 mm respectively. 10. On the basis of optimum irrigation point with pF 2.6 - 2.7 the intervals of irrigation date of tomato and Chinese cabbage at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use become to be three days and five days respectively.

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양배추즙 및 양배추 혼합즙의 인체위암세포(AGS) 성장 억제효과와 HCl-Ethanol로 유발된 흰쥐의 항위염 효과 (Inhibitory Effects of Cabbage Juice and Cabbage-Mixed Juice on the Growth of AGS Human Gastric Cancer Cells and on HCl-Ethanol Induced Gastritis in Rats)

  • 홍예지;김성윤;한재갑;임양이;박건영
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.682-689
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 양배추즙과 양배추 혼합즙의 항위염 효과를 검토하고자 in vitro에서 AGS 인체위암세포의 성장 억제율, 염증인자 발현, 항산화력, 제산력 결과를 바탕으로 SD-rat에 HCl-ethanol로 급성위염을 유도하여 이에 대한 위 손상 억제효과를 평가하였다. 인체위암세포(AGS) 성장 억제율을 조사한 결과 클로렐라(Ch)가 20%, 케일(K)이 21%, 양배추(C) 42% 순으로 성장 억제율이 상승하였고, 양배추에 클로렐라나 케일을 7:3 비율로 혼합하였을 때 양배추-클로렐라(CCh) 57%, 양배추-케일(CK) 65%로 성장 억제율이 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 염증인자 발현 또한 양배추(C) 단일로 처리했을 때보다 양배추-클로렐라 혼합(CCh), 양배추-케일 혼합(CK)에서 염증인자 발현이 유의적으로 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). DPPH radical 소거능에서도 2 mg 농도에서 양배추(C) 61.7%, 양배추-클로렐라(CCh) 87.3%, 양배추-케일(CK) 88.1%로 높은 항산화력을 나타냈으며, 제산력 실험에서도 양배추 고농도(CH) 34.8%, 양배추-클로렐라 고농도(CChH) 40.1%, 양배추-케일 고농도(CKH) 44.9%로 양성대조약물인 cimetidine 41.8%와 비슷하거나 더 높은 제산력을 나타냈다. 이를 바탕으로 HCl-ethanol 위염모델에서 위 손상에 대한 영향을 평가한 결과, 양배추를 기본으로 한 모든 저농도(CL, CChL, CKL), 고농도(CH, CChH, CKH) 투여군에서 보호 효과가 나타났으며 양배추 단일 고농도(CH) 46%보다 클로렐라와 케일을 혼합한 양배추-클로렐라 고농도(CChH) 71%, 양배추-케일 고농도(CKH) 74%에서 그 보호 효과가 유의적으로 높아져 양성 대조약물과 비슷한 보호 효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 위액분비량과 위액 pH 또한 모든 투여군에서 보호 효과가 유의적으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 특히 양배추-케일 혼합즙(CKH)이 대조약물보다 더 높은 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 양배추즙에 클로렐라나 케일을 7:3 비율로 혼합하였을 때 위염예방효과가 시판 대조약물만큼 크게 상승하여 장기간 섭취 시 뛰어난 항위염 효과를 기대할 수 있겠다.

노지 가을배추 단수의 고온 및 다우 피해 계측 (The Impacts of High Temperature and Heavy Precipitation Amount on Winter Chinese Cabbage Yields)

  • 조재환;서정민;진경호;강점순;홍창오;임우택;이상규
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.235-242
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this article is analyzing the impacts of climate change on winter chinese cabbage yield in Korea, with employing a panel data regression model. Our results show that there is a negative impacts of high temperature and precipitation amount on winter chinese cabbage yields. Especially high temperature and rainfall in September cause serious damage to winter chinese cabbage yield. According to the reduction schedule on greenhouse gas emission(RCP 4.5 scenario.), winter chinese cabbage yield would be 7.7% lower than it is, for reasons of high temperature and rainfall damages by the end of 21st century.

Activation of Defense Responses in Chinese Cabbage by a Nonhost Pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

  • Park, Yong-Soon;Jeon, Myeong-Hoon;Lee, Sung-Hee;Moon, Jee-Sook;Cha, Jae-Soon;Kim, Hak-Yong;Cho, Tae-Ju
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.748-754
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    • 2005
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) causes a bacterial speck disease in tomato and Arabidopsis. In Chinese cabbage, in which host-pathogen interactions are not well understood, Pst does not cause disease but rather elicits a hypersensitive response. Pst induces localized cell death and $H_2O_2$ accumulation, a typical hypersensitive response, in infiltrated cabbage leaves. Pre-inoculation with Pst was found to induce resistance to Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, a pathogen that causes soft rot disease in Chinese cabbage. An examination of the expression profiles of 12 previously identified Pst-inducible genes revealed that the majority of these genes were activated by salicylic acid or BTH; however, expressions of the genes encoding PR4 and a class IV chitinase were induced by ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, but not by salicylic acid, BTH, or methyl jasmonate. This implies that Pst activates both salicylate-dependent and salicylate-independent defense responses in Chinese cabbage.

칼슘비료 처리에 의한 배추 무름병 발생 억제 (Suppression of Bacterial Soft Rot on Chinese Cabbage by Calcium Fertilizer Treatment)

  • 김병섭;용영록
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.82-85
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    • 2004
  • Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora에 의한 배추 무름병은 배추에서 가장 큰 문제가 되고 있는 병 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 칼슘비료 시비가 배추 무름병 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다 칼슘 비료 7종을 선발하여 배추 유묘에 엽면 살포한 후, 세균현탁액과 mineral oil을 4:1로 혼합하여 배추의 중앙 기부에 10 m1 관주 접종하는 mineral oil 접종법으로 접종하였다. 배추 유묘에 엽면 살포한 결과 calcium hydroxide가 다른 calcium 비료보다 무름병 방제에 효과가 높게 나타났다. 질소 비료시비는 무름병 발생을 촉진한 반면, calcium hydroxide를 수용액으로 엽면시비할 때 유묘에서뿐 아니라 포장 시험에서도 무름병 발생을 억제하였다. Calcium과 질소를 혼합 살포할 때도 calcium 단독살포와 마찬가지로 무름병 발생을 억제하였다.

Antimutagenic and Anticance Effects of Buchu Kimchi

  • Jung, Keun-Ok;Lee, Kyeoung-Im;Suh, Myoung-Ja;Park, Kun-Young
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 1999
  • The antimutagenic effects of buchu kimchi and Chinese cabbage kimchi and theri cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell line were investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium system and MTT assay, respectively. Leek and Chinese cabbage were aslo evaluated in the same system. Buchu kimchi was fermented at 15 $^{\circ}C$ for 4 days . Buchu kimchi samples showed somewhat higher antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) than CHinese cabbage kimchi in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain. There was no difference onthe antimutagenic activity according to the length of fermentation . Leek exerted stronger antimutagenicity against AFB1 than Chinese cabbage in the Ames assay. In MTT assay, 6-day fermented buchu kimchin revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in which 62% and 82% of the inhibition were observed wiht the addition of 100ug, 400ug/well, respectively. Buchu kimchi samples caused 60~70% inhibition on the proliferation of HT-29 at 400ug/well. Leek exhibited higher antiproliferative effect against both AGS cells and HT-29 cells than Chinese cabbage in MTT assay. From these results, it is considered that buchu kimchi has stronger antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects than Chinese cabbage kimchi and the high inhibition rate of buchu kimchi probably results from leek, the major ingredient of buchu kimchi .

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Occurrence of Clubroot in Cruciferous Vegetable Crops and Races of the Pathogen in Korea

  • Cho, Weon-Dae;Kim, Wan gyu;Kenji Takahashi
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.64-68
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    • 2003
  • Cruciferous vegetable crops grown in several locations in Korea were surveyed from 1996 to 2000. Clubroot severely occurred up to a maximum of 100% in Chinese cabbage fields in 15 out of 42 locations, and in cabbage fields in 5 out of 13 locations surveyed. The disease also severely occurred up to a maximum of 40% in radish fields in 6 out of 35 locations, and up to a maximum of 40% and 100% in turnip and brown mustard fields in one each out of the few locations surveyed, respectively. The disease occurred less than l% in one kale field in one out of two locations surveyed. A total of 268 isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae was obtained from six cruciferous vegetable crops. The isolates were classified into 13 races based on their pathogenicity to the differential varieties of cabbage and rutabaga. There were 13 races found in isolates from Chinese cabbage, while 6 races each were found in isolates from cabbage and radish. There were five and three races found in turnip and brown mustard isolates, respectively. One isolate from kale was identified as race 8. Race 8 was the most frequently isolated from five cruciferous vegetable crops, except brown mustard. Races 3 and 14 were isolated only from Chinese cabbage.

Molecular Characterization of a PR4 Gene in Chinese Cabbage

  • Chung, Sam-Young;Lee, Kyung-Ah;Oh, Kyung-Jin;Cho, Tae-Ju
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 2005
  • A cDNA clone for a wound- and pathogen-induced gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. The cabbage gene, designated BrPR4, encodes a pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR4) of 140 amino acids. The BrPR4 protein shows high similarity with wound-inducible antifungal proteins of tobacco, potato, barley, and wheat. The BrPR4 gene is locally induced by a nonhost pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, that elicits a hypersensitive response in Chinese cabbage. Treatment of the cabbage leaves with benzothiadiazole (BTH), methyl jasmonate or ethephon showed that the BrPR4 gene expression is strongly induced by ethylene, but not by methyl jasmonate or BTH. The BrPR4 gene is also activated by wounding. Interestingly, however, the wound-inducible BrPR4 gene expression is repressed by salicylic acid or BTH, suggesting that there is cross-talk between salicylate-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.