• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.151-171
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• 2017

Most of oceanic current maps in the secondary school science and earth science textbooks have been made on the base of extensive in-situ measurements conducted by Japanese oceanographers during 1930s. According to up-to-date scientific knowledge on the currents in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea (YES), such maps have significant errors and are likely to cause misconceptions to students, thus new schematic map of ocean currents is needed. The currents in the YES change seasonally due to relatively shallow water depths, complex terrain, winds, and tides. These factors make it difficult to construct a unified ocean current map of the YES. Sixteen major items, such as the flow of the Kuroshio Current into the East China Sea and its northward path, the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current and its path into the Korea Strait, the path of Taiwan Warm Current, the Jeju Warm Current, the runoff pattern of the Yangtze River flow, the routes of the northward Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Chinese Coastal Current, and the West Korea Coastal Current off the west coast of the Korean Peninsula, were selected to produce the schematic current map. Review of previous scientific researches, in-depth discussions through academic conferences, expert discussions, and consultations for three years since 2014 enabled us to produce the final ocean current maps for the YES after many revisions. Considering the complexity of the ocean currents, we made seven ocean current maps: two representative current patterns in summer and winter, seasonal current maps for upper layer and lower layer in summer and winter, and one representative surface current map. It is expected that the representative maps of the YES, connected to the current maps of the East Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean, would be widely utilized for diverse purposes in the secondary-school textbooks as well as high-level educational purposes and even for scientific scholarly experts.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.253-266
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• 2018

This paper proposes a methodology applying sequence tagging methodology to improve the performance of NER(Named Entity Recognition) used in QA system. In order to retrieve the correct answers stored in the database, it is necessary to switch the user's query into a language of the database such as SQL(Structured Query Language). Then, the computer can recognize the language of the user. This is the process of identifying the class or data name contained in the database. The method of retrieving the words contained in the query in the existing database and recognizing the object does not identify the homophone and the word phrases because it does not consider the context of the user's query. If there are multiple search results, all of them are returned as a result, so there can be many interpretations on the query and the time complexity for the calculation becomes large. To overcome these, this study aims to solve this problem by reflecting the contextual meaning of the query using Bidirectional LSTM-CRF. Also we tried to solve the disadvantages of the neural network model which can't identify the untrained words by using ontology knowledge based feature. Experiments were conducted on the ontology knowledge base of music domain and the performance was evaluated. In order to accurately evaluate the performance of the L-Bidirectional LSTM-CRF proposed in this study, we experimented with converting the words included in the learned query into untrained words in order to test whether the words were included in the database but correctly identified the untrained words. As a result, it was possible to recognize objects considering the context and can recognize the untrained words without re-training the L-Bidirectional LSTM-CRF mode, and it is confirmed that the performance of the object recognition as a whole is improved.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.55-92
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• 2005

The factors contributing to the formation of an important scientific concept in South Korea and its circulation in the society are the scientific knowledge that had been already formed, matured, and established in the U.S.A, Europe and Japan and has been introduced into Korea, and the institutions that have been formed during the recent modernization in South Korea. The concept of 'genetic information' cannot be an exception in this context. The concept of genetic information is the one that has been extended and intensified by the genomics and bioinformatics formed and matured through the Human Genome Projects from the former concept of inheritance or heredity within the framework of classical and molecular genetics. The purpose of this study was to find out 'how the production structure of genetic information in South Korea has been formed', under the perspective of the conceptual, epistemic, and institutional holisticity or integratedness in the concept and knowledge production structure idealized in Western advanced nations. The discourse of genetic engineering popular in the mid 1980's in South Korea has catalyzed the development of molecular biology. However, the institutional balance that had been established for the biochemistry departments in Natural Science College and Medical College was not formed between the genetic engineering and genetics departments in South Korea. Therefore, they were unable to achieve the more integrative and macro-level disciplinary impact on life sciences, largely due to institutional lack of the capable (human) genetics departments in some leading Korean colleges of Medicine. In genomics, the cutting-edge reprogramming and restructuring of the traditional genetics in the West, South Korea has not invested, even meagerly, in the infrastructure, fund, and research and development (R & D) for the Basic or First Phase of the research trajectory in the Human Genome Project. Without a minimal Basic Phase, the genomics research and development in Korea has been running more or less for the Advanced or Second Phase. Bioinformatics has started developing in Korea under a narrow perspective which regards it as a mere sub-discipline of information technology (IT). Having developed itself in parallel with genomics, bioinformatics contains its own unique logics and contents that can be both directly and indirectly connected to the information science and technology. As a result, bioinformatics reveals a defect in respect of being synergistically integrated into genetics and life sciences in Korea. Owing to the structural problem in the production, genetic information appears to be produced in a fragmented pattern in the Korean society since its fundamental base is weak and thin. A good example of the conceptual and institutional fragmentedness is that 'the genetics of individual identification' is not a normal integrated part of the Korean genetics, but a scientific practice exercised in the departments of legal medicine in a few Medical Colleges. And the environment contributing to the production structure of genetic information in South Korea today comprises 'sangmyung gonghak'(or life engineering) discourse and non-governmental organization movement.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.31-59
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• 2007

We frequently use search engines to find relevant information in the Web but still end up with too much information. In order to solve this problem of information overload, ranking algorithms have been applied to various domains. As more information will be available in the future, effectively and efficiently ranking search results will become more critical. In this paper, we propose a ranking algorithm for the Semantic Web resources, specifically RDF resources. Traditionally, the importance of a particular Web page is estimated based on the number of key words found in the page, which is subject to manipulation. In contrast, link analysis methods such as Google's PageRank capitalize on the information which is inherent in the link structure of the Web graph. PageRank considers a certain page highly important if it is referred to by many other pages. The degree of the importance also increases if the importance of the referring pages is high. Kleinberg's algorithm is another link-structure based ranking algorithm for Web pages. Unlike PageRank, Kleinberg's algorithm utilizes two kinds of scores: the authority score and the hub score. If a page has a high authority score, it is an authority on a given topic and many pages refer to it. A page with a high hub score links to many authoritative pages. As mentioned above, the link-structure based ranking method has been playing an essential role in World Wide Web(WWW), and nowadays, many people recognize the effectiveness and efficiency of it. On the other hand, as Resource Description Framework(RDF) data model forms the foundation of the Semantic Web, any information in the Semantic Web can be expressed with RDF graph, making the ranking algorithm for RDF knowledge bases greatly important. The RDF graph consists of nodes and directional links similar to the Web graph. As a result, the link-structure based ranking method seems to be highly applicable to ranking the Semantic Web resources. However, the information space of the Semantic Web is more complex than that of WWW. For instance, WWW can be considered as one huge class, i.e., a collection of Web pages, which has only a recursive property, i.e., a 'refers to' property corresponding to the hyperlinks. However, the Semantic Web encompasses various kinds of classes and properties, and consequently, ranking methods used in WWW should be modified to reflect the complexity of the information space in the Semantic Web. Previous research addressed the ranking problem of query results retrieved from RDF knowledge bases. Mukherjea and Bamba modified Kleinberg's algorithm in order to apply their algorithm to rank the Semantic Web resources. They defined the objectivity score and the subjectivity score of a resource, which correspond to the authority score and the hub score of Kleinberg's, respectively. They concentrated on the diversity of properties and introduced property weights to control the influence of a resource on another resource depending on the characteristic of the property linking the two resources. A node with a high objectivity score becomes the object of many RDF triples, and a node with a high subjectivity score becomes the subject of many RDF triples. They developed several kinds of Semantic Web systems in order to validate their technique and showed some experimental results verifying the applicability of their method to the Semantic Web. Despite their efforts, however, there remained some limitations which they reported in their paper. First, their algorithm is useful only when a Semantic Web system represents most of the knowledge pertaining to a certain domain. In other words, the ratio of links to nodes should be high, or overall resources should be described in detail, to a certain degree for their algorithm to properly work. Second, a Tightly-Knit Community(TKC) effect, the phenomenon that pages which are less important but yet densely connected have higher scores than the ones that are more important but sparsely connected, remains as problematic. Third, a resource may have a high score, not because it is actually important, but simply because it is very common and as a consequence it has many links pointing to it. In this paper, we examine such ranking problems from a novel perspective and propose a new algorithm which can solve the problems under the previous studies. Our proposed method is based on a class-oriented approach. In contrast to the predicate-oriented approach entertained by the previous research, a user, under our approach, determines the weights of a property by comparing its relative significance to the other properties when evaluating the importance of resources in a specific class. This approach stems from the idea that most queries are supposed to find resources belonging to the same class in the Semantic Web, which consists of many heterogeneous classes in RDF Schema. This approach closely reflects the way that people, in the real world, evaluate something, and will turn out to be superior to the predicate-oriented approach for the Semantic Web. Our proposed algorithm can resolve the TKC(Tightly Knit Community) effect, and further can shed lights on other limitations posed by the previous research. In addition, we propose two ways to incorporate data-type properties which have not been employed even in the case when they have some significance on the resource importance. We designed an experiment to show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and the validity of ranking results, which was not tried ever in previous research. We also conducted a comprehensive mathematical analysis, which was overlooked in previous research. The mathematical analysis enabled us to simplify the calculation procedure. Finally, we summarize our experimental results and discuss further research issues.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-156
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to implement evaluation on domestic cyber University web site to analyze web usability and web accessibility in order to present how much cyber University provides various personalized services and qualitative contents to users on web site. And also with this result, I hope to contribute in qualitative development of web site and reliability of remote education. For this purpose, I developed checklist suitable to remote University by applying SM-ABCDE assessment method of Moonhyeongnam, the professor in Sookmyung Women's University, and implemented evaluation on web sites of 17 cyber University over the five aspects of attraction, business, contents, design, and engineering. As the result of this study, it was found that Busan Digital University was best in the respect of attraction, both Kyunghee Cyber University and Cyber University of foreign studies were best in the respect of business, Kyunghee University was best in the respect of contents, and Hanyang Cyber University was best in the respect of design. It was also evaluated in the comprehensive view and the order was found that Kyunghee Cyber University, Busan Cyber University, and Hanyang Cyber University. However in the respect of engineering, it came out that all the sites did not observe the regulation on web accessibility. If domestic Cyber Universities are to observe the regulation on web accessibility with the long term view, on the base of this study, web usability would be increasing. Then they can secure various classes of customers as well as ordinary people so that they will be able to take the real place of educational institution orienting the most advanced educational method in the society of knowledge and information in addition to advance in themselves.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 1995

When a human recognizes nouns in a sentence, s/he associates them with the hyper concepts of onus. For computer to simulate the human's word recognition, it should build the knowledge base (WordNet)for the hyper concepts of words. Until now, works for the WordNet haven't been performed in Korea, because they need lots of human efforts and time. But, as the power of computer is radically improved and common MRD becomes available, it is more feasible to automatically construct the WordNet. This paper proposes the method that automatically builds the WordNet of Korean nouns by using the descripti on of onus in Korean MRD, and it proposes the rules for extracting the hyper concepts (hypernyms)by analyzing structrual characteristics of Korean. The rules effect such characteristics as a headword lies on the rear part of sentences and the descriptive sentences of nouns have special structure. In addition, the WordNet prototype of Korean Nouns is developed, which is made by combining the hypernyms produced by the rules mentioned above. It extracts the hypernyms of about 2,500 sample words, and the result shows that about 92per cents of hypernyms are correct.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2013

Sustainability, in general, means the protection of environmental resources and economic prosperity, with the consideration of the social, economic and environmental effect, as well as human health and the enhancement of life. Profound consideration about sustainability has to handle the overall cycle of feedstock, resource extraction, transportation and production in addition to the environmental effect. Sustainable development of the chemical industries should be carried out complementarily by strengthening the chemical process safety of the industries. In this respect, chemical process safety can be called an opportunity to enhance the compatibility internationally. Changing new paradigm in chemical process safety is formed from the overall life cycle considering basic design of existing systems and production processes. To improve the chemical process safety, the integrated smart system is necessary, comprising various chemical safety database and knowledge base and improved methods of quantitative risk analysis, including management system. This paper discussed the necessity of overall life cycle in chemical process safety and proposed new technology to improve the sustainability. To develop the sustainable industries in process systems engineering, three S, which include Safety, Stability and Security, will have to be combined appropriate.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Recently, STEM education and improvement in creativity took a lot of attention in local and foreign educational programs, and the robot education is regarded as one of the answers which can achieve the objectives. The robot education is quite active locally in various ways including robot classes for after school program in elementary schools, a number of robot competitions, and education for the gifted. Under these circumstances, the qualification test for robot technology is developed to provide a standard for evaluating professional knowledge on robotics and is currently under consideration to be one of the government-approved qualification tests. However, compared to the robot classes for after school program, this test is not well recognized by most teachers in elementary and middle schools. This paper addresses and analyzes the current status of the test, in particular, backgrounds, qualification standards, organizing committee, intention of presenting questions, examples of problems used in the test, and demands raised by applicants, etc. Base on the analysis, some suggestions are made to establish a solid standard for evaluating robot technologies. It is suggested that the level of difficulty and contents covered should be properly adjusted considering the level of applicants. In addition, it is essential to provide well organized supplementary material for students and wide range of contents on robot technology. Finally, some efforts including cooperating with the robot classes for after school program should be made to invigorate the test.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.945-953
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• 2006

The researchers in the field of cognitive science and learning science suggest that the teaching activity induces the elaborative and meaningful learning. Actually, lots of research findings have shown the beneficial effect of learning by teaching such as peer tutoring. But peer tutoring has some limitations in the practical learning context. To overcome some limitations, the new concept of "learning by teaching" through the agent called Teachable Agent. The teachable agent is a modified version of traditional intelligent tutoring system that assigns a role of tutor to teach the agent. The teachable agent monitors individual difference and provides a student with a chance for deep learning and motivation to learn by allowing them to play an active role in the process of learning. That is, The teaching activity induces the elaborative and meaningful learning. This study compared the effects of our teachable agent, KORI, and peer tutoring on the cognition and motivation. The field experiment was conducted to examine whether learning by teaching the teachable agent would be more effective than peer tutoring and reading condition. In the experiment, all participants took 30 minutes lesson on rock and rock cycle together to acquire the base knowledge in the domain. After the lesson, participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions; reading condition, peer tutoring condition, and teachable agent condition. Next, participants of each condition moved into separated place and performed their own learning activity. After finishing all of the learning activities in each condition, all participants were instructed to rate the interestingness using a 5-point scale on their own learning activity and leaning material, and were given the comprehension test. The results indicated that the teachable agent condition and the peer tutoring condition showed more interests in the learning than the reading condition. It is suggested that teachable agent has more advantages in overcoming the several practical limitations of peer tutoring such as restrictions in time and place, tutor's cognitive burden, unnecessary interaction during peer tutoring. The applicability and prospects of the teachable agent as an efficient substitute for peer tutoring and traditional intelligent tutoring system were also discussed.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.33
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• pp.261-290
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• 2012

Since the launch of Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001, Afghanistan has been a critical battle ground for war against global terrorism. For the last 10 years, the U.S. government and its allies and the Afghan government have put a considerable effort to crush terrorists and insurgents and at the same time to construct nationwide governance system. Yet, the noble mission still seems far from complete. Terrorist or insurgent operations in Afghanistan are still active and troublesome. Thus this subject continues to draw a considerable attention of research or investigative reports to grasp an insightful knowledge or intelligence that may allow a better handling of terrorist troubles in this war-torn nation. This study hopes to serve this purpose by providing analyzed information on terrorist bombings in Afghanistan occurred between 2004 and 2007. It adopts GIS (Geographic information System) analysis technique to uncover spatially patterned aspects of terrorist bombing attacks in Afghanistan. The specific focus of this study is to examine whether terrorists behave rationally when they decide which targets to attack. For analysis, this study will focus on examining whether characteristics of localities have certain impact on the risk of being targets of terrorist bombing attacks. To examine the hypothesis of this study, it will explore how the spatial risk of becoming targets of terrorist bombing attack interacts with cost necessary for executing a ttack paid b y terrorists; 1) by demonstrating the spatial distribution of bombing attacks in Afghanistan and 2) by estimating the distance between headquarters (or home base) of terrorists groups and the bombed target area.