• Title/Summary/Keyword: knowledge source

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How Should We Measure Knowledge Transfer? : Comparison of the Knowledge source's and the Recipient's Perspectives (지식이전행위, 어떻게 측정해야 하나? -제공자와 수용자의 관점 비교)

  • Kang, Minhyung
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2011
  • This study examined the influence of the antecedents of knowledge transfer from both the knowledge source's and recipient's perspectives using a social network survey. Prior research usually focused on either perspective of the knowledge source or recipient, thus could not include both. Analyzing the responses from 335 R&D employees of the five firms, the study showed that all antecedents of knowledge transfer - reward, reciprocity, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control - are influential on knowledge transfer from the knowledge source's perspective. However, from the knowledge recipient's perspective, perceived behavioral control was influential on the quality of knowledge transfer and subjective norm was on the number of knowledge recipients. Expected reward and reciprocity did not show significant influence. This study proved that the necessity of considering both the knowledge source's and the recipient's perspectives when measuring knowledge transfer and the importance of intrinsic motivations, such as subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.

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Multi-level Analysis of the Antecedents of Knowledge Transfer: Integration of Social Capital Theory and Social Network Theory (지식이전 선행요인에 관한 다차원 분석: 사회적 자본 이론과 사회연결망 이론의 결합)

  • Kang, Minhyung;Hau, Yong Sauk
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.75-97
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    • 2012
  • Knowledge residing in the heads of employees has always been regarded as one of the most critical resources within a firm. However, many tries to facilitate knowledge transfer among employees has been unsuccessful because of the motivational and cognitive problems between the knowledge source and the recipient. Social capital, which is defined as "the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit [Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998]," is suggested to resolve these motivational and cognitive problems of knowledge transfer. In Social capital theory, there are two research streams. One insists that social capital strengthens group solidarity and brings up cooperative behaviors among group members, such as voluntary help to colleagues. Therefore, social capital can motivate an expert to transfer his/her knowledge to a colleague in need without any direct reward. The other stream insists that social capital provides an access to various resources that the owner of social capital doesn't possess directly. In knowledge transfer context, an employee with social capital can access and learn much knowledge from his/her colleagues. Therefore, social capital provides benefits to both the knowledge source and the recipient in different ways. However, prior research on knowledge transfer and social capital is mostly limited to either of the research stream of social capital and covered only the knowledge source's or the knowledge recipient's perspective. Social network theory which focuses on the structural dimension of social capital provides clear explanation about the in-depth mechanisms of social capital's two different benefits. 'Strong tie' builds up identification, trust, and emotional attachment between the knowledge source and the recipient; therefore, it motivates the knowledge source to transfer his/her knowledge to the recipient. On the other hand, 'weak tie' easily expands to 'diverse' knowledge sources because it does not take much effort to manage. Therefore, the real value of 'weak tie' comes from the 'diverse network structure,' not the 'weak tie' itself. It implies that the two different perspectives on strength of ties can co-exist. For example, an extroverted employee can manage many 'strong' ties with 'various' colleagues. In this regards, the individual-level structure of one's relationships as well as the dyadic-level relationship should be considered together to provide a holistic view of social capital. In addition, interaction effect between individual-level characteristics and dyadic-level characteristics can be examined, too. Based on these arguments, this study has following research questions. (1) How does the social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient influence knowledge transfer respectively? (2) How does the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient influence knowledge transfer? (3) How does the social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient influence the effect of the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient on knowledge transfer? Based on Social capital theory and Social network theory, a multi-level research model is developed to consider both the individual-level social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient and the dyadic-level strength of relationship between the knowledge source and the recipient. 'Cross-classified random effect model,' one of the multi-level analysis methods, is adopted to analyze the survey responses from 337 R&D employees. The results of analysis provide several findings. First, among three dimensions of the knowledge source's social capital, network centrality (i.e., structural dimension) shows the significant direct effect on knowledge transfer. On the other hand, the knowledge recipient's network centrality is not influential. Instead, it strengthens the influence of the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient on knowledge transfer. It means that the knowledge source's network centrality does not directly increase knowledge transfer. Instead, by providing access to various knowledge sources, the network centrality provides only the context where the strong tie between the knowledge source and the recipient leads to effective knowledge transfer. In short, network centrality has indirect effect on knowledge transfer from the knowledge recipient's perspective, while it has direct effect from the knowledge source's perspective. This is the most important contribution of this research. In addition, contrary to the research hypothesis, company tenure of the knowledge recipient negatively influences knowledge transfer. It means that experienced employees do not look for new knowledge and stick to their own knowledge. This is also an interesting result. One of the possible reasons is the hierarchical culture of Korea, such as a fear of losing face in front of subordinates. In a research methodology perspective, multi-level analysis adopted in this study seems to be very promising in management research area which has a multi-level data structure, such as employee-team-department-company. In addition, social network analysis is also a promising research approach with an exploding availability of online social network data.

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Investigation of the Reliability of Knowledge Source in CLINAID using Fuzzy Relational Method (Fuzzy Relational Method를 이용한 CLINAID의 Knowledge Source 신뢰성 조사)

  • Noe, Chan-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.222-230
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    • 2003
  • Once the medical knowledge-based system has been developed, it is essential to investigate the knowledge sources of the system because knowledge sources can affect the performance of the system in great deal. This paper presents the method and the results of the reliability test done on the medical knowledge-based system CLINAID. A knowledge source tested is Cardiovascular body system data used in CLINAID. The reliability test will be done by investigating structural relationships revealed by fuzzy relational method between the components of the knowledge sources of individual body systems using syndromes as its main component. These partitions are going to be compared with the syndromes elicited from the medical experts. This paper also reports the outcome of the computations using 7 implication operators performed on Cardiovascular body system data.

The Impact on Structures of Knowledge Creation and Sharing on Performance of Open Collaboration: Focus on Open Source Software Development Communities (개방형협업 참여자의 지식창출·지식공유 구조와 혁신 성과: 오픈소스 소프트웨어 개발 커뮤니티를 중심으로)

  • Koo, Kyungmo;Baek, Hyunmi;Lee, Saerom
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.287-306
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    • 2017
  • This research focus on the effect of developers' participation structure in knowledge creation and knowledge sharing activities in open source software development projects. Based on preferential selection theory, hypotheses of relationship between a developers' concentration of knowledge creation/sharing activities and collaboration performance was derived. To verify the hypotheses, we use the Gini coefficient in the commit contribution of the developers (knowledge creation) and the centralization index in the repository issue network (knowledge sharing network). Using social network analysis, this paper calculates centralization index from developers in the issue boards in each repository based on data from 837 repositories in GitHub, a leading open source software development platform. As a result, instead of all developers creating and sharing knowledge equally, only a few of developers creating and sharing knowledge intensively further improve the performance of the open collaboration. In other words, a few developers predominantly providing commit and actively responding to issues raised from other developers enhance the project performance. The results of this study are expected to be used by developers who manage open source software project as a governance strategy, which could improve the performance of open collaboration.

Impacts of Exploitation and Exploration on Performance of Open Collaboration: Focus on Open Source Software Development Project (지식의 탐색(Exploration)과 활용(Exploitation)이 개방형협업의 성과에 미치는 영향: 오픈소스 소프트웨어 개발 프로젝트를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Saerom;Baek, Hyeon-Mi;Jang, Jeong-Ju
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.85-102
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    • 2017
  • With rapid development of information and communication technologies, open collaboration can be eased through the Internet. Open source software, as a representative area of open collaboration, is developed and adopted to various fields. In this research, based on organizational learning theory, we examine the impacts of exploration and exploitation on innovation performance in open source software development projects. We define knowledge exploration as a number of developers from outside organization and knowledge exploitation as the ratio of member of an organization who participated in an open source software project managed by the organization. For analysis, we collect data of 4794 projects from github which is a representative open source software development platform using Web crawler developed by Python. As a result, we find that excessive exploration has curvilinear (invers U-shape) relationship on project performance. On the other hand, exploitation with enough external developers will positively impact on project performance.

The Structural Relationships between the Antecedents of Knowledge Sharing and User Performance in Knowledge Management systems (지식관리시스템에서의 지식공유에 대한 영향요인과 성과간의 구조적 관계에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Seon-Jin;Kong, Hee-Kyoung;Koh, Joon
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.87-107
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    • 2008
  • The knowledge society has come to where the knowledge is the source of wealth contrary to the traditional era that labor and capital were the source of wealth. Thus, corporate is accelerating to introduce the knowledge management and to establish the knowledge management system (KMS) in order to effectively manage the knowledge that can be the source of their competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which affect knowledge sharing and to prove empirically their relationships with the KMS performance. A survey was conducted and data were collected from 220 respondents of 19 organizations which have adopted KMS. Research model and related hypotheses were tested using PLS Graph 3.0. As a result of data analysis, seven hypotheses out of eleven hypotheses were supported. In particular, knowledge sharing is significantly influenced by those knowledge sharing factors such as openness, trust, training, reward system, perceived usefulness, and communication channel. Also, individual impact is significantly affected by knowledge sharing. This study is expected to provide a sound basis for understanding the importance of knowledge sharing to gain organizational as well as individual competitiveness and exploring ways to effectively share knowledge through enhancing the use of KMS in organizations.

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Cross-cultural Study on Knowledge Sharing in Open Collaboration: Collectivism vs. Individualism (문화에 따른 개방형 협업 지식공유 활동 비교 연구: 집단주의 문화와 개인주의 문화를 중심으로)

  • Baek, Hyunmi;Lee, Saerom
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.133-150
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    • 2018
  • To cope with the rapid changes in the corporate environment, the creation of innovative output through various forms of collaboration have been discussed. For open collaborations, contributors who distribute to various countries and cultures are able to share knowledge via the internet without physical rewards or responsibilities. In this study, we focused on the open source software project, which is a representative open collaboration. We investigated the factors that affect the knowledge contribution of developers of various countries within the open collaboration platform. Specifically, we investigated the open collaborative nature of multi-culture developers by dividing cultures according to collectivism and individualism. We collected data on 26,604 developers using a python based web crawler for GitHub which is an open source software development platform, and conducted cross-cultural study. This paper contributes to the field of knowledge management by suggesting various impacts of antecedents such as hireability, and information exposure on knowledge sharing according to culture.

The Acquisition of Parenting Information and Knowledge Levels of Mothers with Infants and Toddlers (영아기 및 걸음마기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육정보 습득과 양육지식)

  • Lee, Joo-Yeon;Lee, Sok-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.179-197
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    • 2010
  • The present study investigated how mothers with infants and toddlers obtain information about parenting and examined the nature of maternal parenting knowledge in order to evaluate the quality of the information. The mothers' age and educational level were included in the analysis as a influential factor on parenting knowledge. Four hundred and twenty-nine mothers with infants and toddlers completed the questionnaires issued regarding the source and content of parenting information and parenting knowledge. The results indicated that the mothers with only one child preferred to utilize their friends and relatives as their primary source of information and the mothers with more than one child acquired parenting information from their own previous experience. Second, the subjects were most interested in acquiring information related to physical development and medical problems. Third, the main effects of all independent variables were found. In addition, the interactional effects between the educational level and source of parenting information for the mother with only one child and the interactional effects between age and source of parenting information for the mother with more than one child were determined as a result of this study. These results indicate that there are some high-risk groups when it comes to the acquisition of parenting knowledge and we suggest providing valid and reliable information to these most vulnerable groups.

Interaction Effects among Antecedents of Individual Knowledge Contribution (개인의 지식기여 선행요인 간 상호작용효과)

  • Kang, Minhyung;Lee, Jae-Nam
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.55-69
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    • 2015
  • Employees' knowledge contribution is one of the critical activities that maximize internal capability of the firm and facilitate organizational innovation by sharing scattered internal knowledge. This study integrates antecedents of knowledge contribution based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB). Utilizing TPB as a theoretical framework, expected reciprocity, subjective norm, and self-efficacy's direct effects on knowledge contribution were assessed. Additionally, interaction effects among expected reciprocity, subjective norm, and self-efficacy were explored. As the results of analysis, all the antecedents significantly influenced knowledge contribution. Interestingly, when the knowledge source's self-efficacy was high, the influence of expected reciprocity on knowledge contribution was decreased. Similarly, when the knowledge source's subjective norm for knowledge contribution was high, expected reciprocity's effect was weakened. This implies that when facilitating knowledge contribution, interaction effects among antecedents of knowledge contribution, as well as their direct effects, should be considered.

A Mechanism for Fast Detection of Knowledge Source Activations (활성 지식 원천들의 신속한 탐지를 위한 메커니즘)

  • Chang, Hai-Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.888-894
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    • 2011
  • Blackboard architecture was designed as a means for dealing with ill-defined and complex problems. In order to improve the efficiency of the systems using blackboard architecture, this paper proposes a mechanism for fast detection of knowledge source activations which can contribute potentially to the problem solving of blackboard systems, whenever the state of blackboard is changed. The proposed mechanism uses a Rete network generated from the activation conditions subscribed by all knowledge sources to process the pattern matching between blackboard data and the activation conditions efficiently.