• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.67-67
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• 2012

Exploring the distant universe by observing various astronomical objects and extending knowledge on the cosmos by applying human intuition and reasoning to observations are astronomers' professional activity. Astronomers are the people born under a lucky star since this elegant and beautiful job is their the only duty. Being in the 21st century we astronomers now know that galaxies are holding evolving stars and gas, and distribute in the infinite spacetime in an interesting way revealing the secrets of the beginning of the universe. Cosmic structures such as galaxies, large-scale structures, and cosmic microwave background fluctuations are also the tracers of the expansion of space and the invisible components of the energy contents of the universe. Unlike the past century we are in a situation where integral knowledge on various cosmic structures as well as that on a variety of observational and analysis tools are available to everyone and often required for our special mission. However, my experience made me think that accumulating critical questions on nature driven by curiosity is vital for researchers and far more important than absorbing knowledge from others and books. Transforming one's own question marks to acclamation marks is the reward of our life. That is THE fun.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-227
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• 2005

Heojun was the top scientist on Medicine in the 16th and 17th centuries and wrote the Dongeubogam describing the top-level medical theory and technology. So far, his outlook on nature has been disregarded even though his medicine is still effective. Through this study, I would like to know if his outlook on nature as well as his medicine is still effective. The conclusions are as follows: 1. According to his output, the origin of the universe started from the spinning of One Gi(一氣) which is quite different from Hawking's theory. Hawking assumed that the origin of the universe started from the Big-bang and will end to the Big-crunch. However, the current report on the origin of a star is quite similar to Heojun's theory and we acknowledge that his view on the origin of the universe is still effective. 2. According to his output, the universe repeats expanding and contracting forever while Hawking assumed it will come to the end, the Big-crunch, based on the expanding universe theory. Some scientists assists that Hawking's assumption should have some contradictions. Now, we acknowledge that Heojun's universal cycling theory which corresponds with modern physical theories is still effective, which would lead to a new environmental movement. 3. His view on the structure of the universe is quite different from the output of the current science, which results from his thought that the nature should be reviewed from the point of human's view. His view on the structure will be able to be updated based on the output of the current science. 4. The universe analogy started from the East Asian area as well as the Greek and Roman area in the ancient. The idea has disappeared since the scientific revolution era in the West while the idea has been deepened and abundant in the East and has become one of the major philosophical bases. Heojun emphasized its importance from the beginning of his book. 5. The nation analogy has been popular all times and places. According to his output, governing a country is like controlling one's body. 6. According to Needham's output, the universe analogy and the nation analogy were based on the ancient developed alchemy. And Harper assumed that Taiosm was based on the macrobiotic hygiene which was developed by the ancient developed alchemists. We acknowledge that xian(仙) cult, macrobiotic hygiene, medicine, alchemy and the ancient philosophy started from our ancients. Heojun's output restored our ancient tradition by combining the macrobiotic hygiene and philosophy with medicine. 7. Roughly predicting yearly weather would be unacceptable by the current scientist but Heojun's yearly weather forecast is still used in the clinic and seems effective to prepare from any epidemic disease. 8. 'Day and Night' and Four seasons are the most important factors to the macrobiotic hygiene according to the Dongeubogam. The new environmental movements should be based on the most important factors, otherwise the human beings as well as the environment would fail to survive. 9. Wind, Coldness, Heat, Humidity, Dryness and Fire represents weather. The six weather factors represent one of six phases of a year which is decided by the areal factors. Heojun preferred the six factors generated in the body itself to them from the outside. He thought a human being was a universe and the six factors generated in the body responded to the factors of the outside. 10. According to his output, Heat and Humidity are the most important factors which make a human being ill. 11. Life span, disease, food, and dwelling are dependent upon the geographical feature, according to Heojun's output. In addition, one's appearance and his five viscera and the six entrails depend on the food as well as the geographical feature. 12. Heath is related with the environment and they effects upon each other. If one is weak, he will be deeply effected by the nature. On the other hand, if one is strong, he will effect on the nature. That's why people live together. 13. According to Heojun's work, the society is an important factor comprising the environment. During a peaceful era, the society becomes stable and human beings are stable as well while they will be on fire during a chaotic era. 14. Medicine deals with human beings who live in the nature, so any medical book cannot be excellent unless it has any description on the nature. Heojun's outlook on the nature turned out to be logical and suitable even from the point of the current view and it is still effective as if his clinical knowledge and technology are still effective. Something unsuitable may be substituted with the output of the current science.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2014

In this study, find out of recognition of the effect of science, society and ethical aspects on natural disasters and understanding degree of knowledge applying for SSI class aimed at elementary pre-service teachers by developing SSI training program of the 'Earth and Space' field. Also, after SSI class application we examined the change perceptions of elementary pre-service teachers. SSI training program was that elementary pre-service teachers participated in the SSI class of a variety of subjects in the field of 'Earth and Space' and directly joined in the decision-making process and reflectional discussion with colleagues as conducted in this class reflective discussion with the pre-primary teachers pre-service teachers. Elementary pre-service teachers were understanding of the nature of the science and to understand in more depth about the SSI class characteristics. This study, second grade 115 people who was taking 'science and teaching materials' course in B National University of Education at B city participated. In order to apply for SSI class, one semester based on 15 weeks until seven weeks were science and teaching materials and based on the nature of science, after 8 weeks we set the theme of the contents related to the Earth and space and give lesson applied for SSI. During 8 weeks, test subjects 4 classes were taking 50 minutes a week 100 minutes. First time has theoretical lessons in topics related to the 'Earth and space' and on the second week, each classes participate in the decision-making processes respectivly by dicussing and debating on the first week's topic as regarding social and moral aspects of it. We obtained the following results. First, elementary pre-service teachers were acquiring the results of 67% in the knowledge aspects of the 'Earth and space'. This result was determined that most of the elementary pre-service teachers were liberal arts in high school. Second, while participating in the SSI class, elementary pre-service teachers were concretely aware of the nature of SSI and the characteristics of the class. Third, the elementary pre-service teacher are thaught that introduction education courses about 'Earth and space' are needed but most of the students responded that this would require a lot of effort of teachers. This was derived from not familiar class form that did not fulfill in the science teaching methods until now.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.142-157
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• 2015

이 연구는 옹기장인들의 옹기제작기술을 전통지식이라는 관점에서 접근한 것으로 구체적인 옹기제작기술 속에 전통지식들이 어떻게 내재되어 있는지를 살핀 것이다. 특히 옹기제작 관련 전통지식들이 어떤 범주들로 구성되어 있으며 제작기술과의 관계에서 어떤 양상을 띠는가 하는 점들에 주목한다. 옹기제작 과정은 크게 재료의 준비, 기물의 성형, 소성 단계로 나누어지는데, 매 단계마다 고유한 전통지식들이 존재한다. 먼저 재료준비 단계에서는 각종 흙에 대한 지식들이 주를 이룬다. 흙의 색깔과 성질, 좋은 옹기흙의 지역 분포에 대한 정보, 옹기 제작에 적합한 것으로 흙을 재조정하는 기술 등이다. 그리고 두 번째의 기물 성형단계에서는 물레의 구조와 형태, 흙을 쌓아올리는 데 필요한 기술, 각종 도구를 사용하는 방법, 완성된 형태의 옹기를 건조하는 기술 등이 주를 이룬다. 마지막으로 소성 단계에서는 가마에 대한 지식과 가마 제작 기술, 가마 내 옹기를 쟁이는 기술, 화목에 대한 지식과 불 때는 기술, 불의 종류 등이 주를 이룬다. 이들 지식들은 각각 별개로 존재하지 않고 상호 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있다. 이는 어느 한 과정이 잘못되어도 완전한 옹기의 생산이 어려워지기 때문이다. 지식의 내용을 중심으로 볼 때 이들은 재질 색상 형태 분포양상 용융점 강도 물리적 성질 등과 같은 과학적 범주에 속하는 것들이 많다. 하지만 이들 지식들은 공식적 제도교육과정을 통해 얻은 것들이라기보다는 비공식적인 도제교육을 통한 오랜 경험속에서 터득한 것들이 대부분이다. 그리고 지식의 체계는 쉽게 드러나지 않는데, 주로 민속과학(ethnoscience)적 분류와 범주 속에서 이해될 수 있는 것들이 대부분이다. 이들 지식들은 유네스코 세계무형문화유산의 개념으로 보면 '자연 및 우주에 관한 지식'범주에 속한다. 이와는 달리 신체와 사용 도구, 그리고 제작하고자 하는 기물을 일체화시켜 내는 것으로 '신체기술(body techniques)'이라 부를 수 있는 것들도 있다. 이에 대해서는 옹기장인들 스스로도 설명하는 데 어려움을 가지며, 그들이 굳이 설명을 하더라도 해당분야에 대한 경험과 식견이 없는 한 이해가 쉽지 않다. 이러한 지식들은 습득 및 전승방식에 따라 구분해보면,'옹기 장인의 일반적 지식'과 '특정 옹기 장인만이 갖춘 고유한 지식'들로 구분할 수 있다. 그리고 지식이 갖는 축적된 시간의 깊이에 따라 '역사가 긴 지식'과 '최근에 만들어진 지식'등이 있을 수 있다. 옹기제작과정에서 드러난 옹기 장인들의 기술과 전통지식은 재료의 준비과정에서부터 최종 완성품이 만들어지기까지의 전 과정에서 수많은 범주와 층위의 기술들이 긴밀하게 연계되어 있다. 이러한 양상은 '기술의 사슬(techniques chain)'이라고 할 만하다. 이때의 기술은 반드시 자연과학적 범주의 기술(techniques)만을 의미하는 것은 아니며, 솜씨(skill)를 비롯하여 장인들 스스로도 의식하기 어려운 습관적 행위들까지를 포함하는 다양한 층위의 기술과 지식들이라고 할 수 있다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제35호
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• pp.243-274
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 "중용"의 내용을 중심으로 천인심성합일(天人心性合一)의 수양론(修養論)을 다루었다. 먼저 천인합일(天人合一)에 관하여 보면, "중용"에서는 천도(天道)의 의미를 중용(中庸), 성(誠), 성(性), 성(聖), 달도(達道), 도심(道心) 등으로 보고 있고, 인도(人道)의 의미를 중화(中和), 성지(誠之), 유(俗), 도(道), 교(敎), 달덕(達德), 인심(人心) 등으로 보고 있다. 천도는 우주의 생성, 운동법칙이며 이러한 천도는 사람에게 性을 부여한다. 이러한 천도를 이루기 위해서 인간이 마땅히 행해야만 하는 것이 인도이며, 사람이 인도를 수행하는 과정에서 인도와 천도는 합일된다. 다음으로, 심성합일(心性合一)에 관하여 보면, 이는 중화(中和)의 개념을 통하여 설명되는데, 사람이 마음을 바로 하여 정(情)을 올바로 발휘하는 것이 곧 성(性)과 합일이 됨을 말하는 것이다. 이와 같은 천인심성합일이 이루어지면 나타나는 그 공효는 수신이 기본이 된 구경(九經)으로 온천하가 다스려지는 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 천도와 인도의 관계 및 심과 성의 관계는 오달도 삼달덕 등 성(性)과 도(道), 교(敎)와의 관계로 설명되고, 구체적으로는 수신(修身)-사친(事親)-지인(知人)-지천(知天)의 관계로 설명되며 또한 도심(道心)과 인심(人心), 중화(中和)를 통한 심성의 합일로 설명된다. 그런데 천도와 인도의 합일, 심과 성의 합일을 이루기 위해서는 사람의 수양을 통하여 가능하다. 그 방법은 존심(存心)과 치지(致知)로 대표될 수 있고, 또한 신독(愼獨)과 계신공구(戒愼恐懼)를 통한 시중(時中), 충서(忠恕)와 택선고집(擇善固執)과, 심성합일(心性合一)의 방법으로 치중화(致中和)가 있다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2004

수학교육은 이제 국민대중교육, 교양교육으로서의 수학교육의 이념을 재발견하여 수학교육의 본래의 모습을 회복해야 할 시점에 와 있다. 오늘날 우리가 학교에서 가르치는 수학 지식은 어떤 성격의 지식이며 우리는 그러한 지식을 가르침으로써 인간을 어떤 상태로 만들려고 하는가\ulcorner 본고에서는 수학교육 사상의 뿌리를 탐색해 봄으로서 수학이라는 지식을 배우는 요한 목적은 실용성을 넘어 수학이라는 지식을 통하여 인간과 만물 이면에 있는 현상의 세계를 지배하는 실재를 깨달아 가도록 하는 인간교육의 구현에 있음을 밝히고, 그러한 이념을 오늘날 국민교육으로서의 수학교육이 우선적으로 지향해야 할 방향으로 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2003

Our health is intimately connected to the health of our environment. The contemporary world view which sees a radical distinction between humans as subjects and world as object can obscure our recognition of how much we rely on nature for health and survival. Indigenous traditions and contemporary scholars remind us that we live in a universe in which all things are connected, and in which nature continues to offer its gifts in co-creative partnership for the health and wellbeing of all. Living in awareness of our relationship with nature enables us to open more to the experience of nature's nurturing. Many complementary therapies derive from ancient practices that involve nature in healing partnership. Essential oils have been used for thousands of years. Hippocrates claimed that the way to health was through aromatic baths and massages. Much anecdotal evidence exists regarding aromatherapeutic positive effects on recipients. Aromatherapy is a branch of complementary or alternative therapy which is increasing in popularity, yet has scant scientific credibility. Aromatherapy should be defined as treatment using odors and practised as such. However, essential oils are usually used in conjunction with therapeutic massage and often combined with counselling of some kind. Aromatherapy complements and enhances the therapeutic powers of massage. Massage is one of the most wonderful ways to relax and is throughly beneficial to health. Massage can help unknot tense and aching muscles and other minor symptoms of stress, leaving patients fresh and energized. As the use of aromatherapy within a health care setting has grown so rapidly in recent years, and will continue to do so, the need for suitable training has become apparent. No health service can afford the risk of having staff who are inadequately trained in the practice of aromatherapy using essential oils incorrectly on those in a state of ill-health, especially if the essential oils used are not to a standard suitable for therapeutic use. Training to an acceptable level in aromatic therapy is essential for safety and effectiveness. Knowledge of the nature and make-up of essential oils, their effect on the body and the emotions, and how, when, and where to apply them is imperative in order for them to be beneficial to a patient's health. In order to achieve best practice, further research is necessary to explore the use of aromatherapy in the management of multiple disorder.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제23권
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• pp.109-152
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• 2014

This paper deals with the artistic expression of religious thought in terms of the uniqueness of different images and creativity. The relationship between religion and art is complicated but popular in modern society. Film becomes the icon of modern culture to enhance the knowledge of religious traditions. Among many Korean religious films, Kang Daejin's work, The Way of Peace (1984) contains the life and thought of Kang Jeungsan(1871-1909), the highest god of Daesoonjinrihoe. First, the film, The Way of Peace, pays attention to the legitimacy of succession from Kang Jeungsan to Cho Jeongsan(1895-1958). Korea was beset with trouble both at home and abroad. China, Japan, Russia, and the US had the colonial desire to conquer the lands of Korea and to explore natural resources. Though the people of Eastern Learning(東學) protested government and Japanese colonialists, Jeungsan applied the principle of non-violence to the world. In order to save all the living beings of the world, he reordered the universe and renewed the harmonic relationship of human beings and their spirit. Second, The Way of Peace proposed the soteriology of peace and change to audience regardless of seekers(道人) or not. Jeungsan transformed the closed society to the open society, changed divided religions to the transcendent truth(道). He empowered the marginalized people such as women, the lowly, the elderly, and the sick, who were oppressed in the Confucian society. And he redeemed the people from the disease by healing all diseases and correcting disorders. In conclusion, The Way of Peace is a good resource of religious education by which we can overcome the religious illiteracy. The knowledge of new religious movements and Daesoonjinrihoe is necessary for us to understand the diversity of human nature. In the near future, the new images of Jeungsan should be created through multi-media and cultural contents for the new generation.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제32집
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• pp.1-28
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• 2019

심성론(心性論)이란 말 그대로 인간이 지닌 마음의 본성에 대한 것을 설명하는 것이다. 다시 말해서 인간은 마음이란 것을 지니고 있는데, 그것이 과연 무엇인가, 그리고 어떤 성품을 지녔는가를 알아보는 것이다. 여기에서는 유교의 심성론과 관련시켜서 대순진리회의 심성론을 이해하려 하였다. 유교와 마찬가지로 대순진리회에서도 마음에 관한 문제는 중요한 주제이다. 『전경』에서 제시한 마음에 대한 개념은 신과 연결되어 있다. 그런데 여기에서는 마음이 선하거나 악하다는 전제가 마련되어 있지 않다. 다만 마음은 인간과 우주의 중심이며 모든 사물이 마음에 의존하고 있다는 의미를 제시하고 있다. 마음의 작용에 따라 선과 악이 드러나는 구조라고 이해된다. 『대순진리회 요람』에는 양심과 사심에 대해 언급하고 있다. 양심을 공자의 인(仁), 또는 맹자의 양지(良知)로 이해한다면 보다 발전된 논의가 이루어질 수 있다고 본다. 그렇게 본다면 양심이 바로 마음의 본성이 되며 또한 인간, 또는 마음의 본성은 선하다는 결론에 이를 수 있다. 심성에 관한 논의는 증산이 지속적으로 강조하고 있는 일심(一心)이라는 주제와 관련해서도 설명될 수 있다. 양심과 사심이라는 두 가지 마음을 제시하지만 본래의 마음이란 천성으로서의 양심일 뿐 사심은 허상에 불과한 것으로 성인(聖人)도 생각하지 않으면 광인이 된다는 주자의 설명처럼 자세히 살펴 그것이 허상에 불과함을 깨달아야 하는 것이다. 그래서 본래의 일심인 양심으로 돌아올 때 증산이 강조한 일심이 된다. 말하자면 사심이란 본래 없다가 물욕으로 인해 생겨나는 욕심이다. 인심도심론은 선진시대로부터 이후의 성리학에 이르기까지 마음을 이해하는 주요한 설명체계 가운데 하나였다. 도심은 선천적인 천성, 천리로부터 비롯된 것으로 순수하게 도덕적이고 선하다는 것이 주자의 도심에 대한 이해이다. 이에 비해 인심은 그 자체가 불선은 아니지만 감각기관에 의해 나타나는 모습과 욕구에 따라 불선으로 발현될 수도 있는 것이다. 그런 면에서 보자면 양심을 도심으로 바꾸어도 차이는 없겠으나 사심을 바로 인심으로 대치하는 것은 다소 무리가 있어 보인다. 다만 사심이 허상에 불과하다거나 아니면 마음이 정으로 드러날 때 사적인 욕심의 영향으로 드러나는가, 본래적 도심이나 양심으로 드러나는가에 따라 달리 드러날 뿐 본래 마음은 하나라고 이해한다면 가능하다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.50-67
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• 1998

When recognition of the Ghi(氣) which exist in all things, is changed on the aspects of the science of nursing, the view of health and nursing will be more efficient and can be developed as the proper concept for Korean culture. I think it is nessary to confirm which philosophical basis of the will be applicable to nursing and how to it has to be developed. Therefore I can for the research of the Ghi phenomena to attain the Thoughts of philosophy that is appropriate to expound those phenomena. And I attempt to induct "the fusion of horizons" to unify the view of the I world between Korea and the West. The Ghi is very energetic and omnipresent among the universe, Nature, and the human being. So it can organize all the primary elements of mental and I physical function of human as like life, mind, breath, feeling, energy, etc. A general concept of the Ghi is described as follows ; (1) The Ghi is the origin and essence to organize the universe, Nature, and the human being. (2) It is the perpetually movable thing. (3) And there are continuous transmission between the Ghi of the universe and the human through 'body, mind, and soul. For review on the philosophic basis of the Ghi, I studied out the identity of the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(理氣論) in the field of philosophy of Korea and the West. In Korea, the concept of the Vigor is based on Ch'i monolism(기일원론) and Li Ch'i dualism (이기이원론) of Yul-gok Lee's, Toi-kye Lee's, Hwa-dam's, and/or Hekang's. These are indispensable for the view of the world of Korea as Metaphysical ideology, Concrete science, Materialism, Ontology, and Epistemology. From the viewpoint of the philosophy of the West, the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Korea is identical with the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Joo-ja, Idea of Plato, Metaphysics of Aristotle, World Spirit(Weltgeist) of Hegel, and Existentialism of Heidegger. In the nursing theory of the West, some of them referred to the Ghi as like Energy field theory of Rogers and Energy exchange of Neuman. Though there are different in terminology, "energy" and the "Ghi" are induced comparable therapeutic action between the human and the environments. With the nursing theory of Korea, I have made an attempt to compare the Ghi with metaparadigm of nursing-the human being, the environment, the health, and the nursing. For the most part, the alternative therapy is resonable to the frame of the nursing theory of Korea. It is easy to apply alternative therapy on the every spot of nursing. So this therapy could be a kind of forms as nursing therapy in the nursing centers where take the duties of supporting in local societies. In result, independent nursing intervention will be activated by the nurse who puts up with the major parts. It is available to apply this therapy to palliation of pain, insomnia of infant, Sanhujori (산후조리), pain of menstruation, arthritis. And the alternative therapy makes it possible to propose the nursing model which represent originality, tradition, and history of the nursing of Korea. Additionally, in the field of the nursing, it is indispensable to choose a suitable methodology which is considered whether it is matched with a theory of philosophy in the boundary and object of the research. Because there are many way to get the knowledge of nursing related to the Ghi. In the science of nursing, context of sociocultural background and frame are required to understand the person who need to take care of (nursing client). But the value systems of the West and the East are distinctive each other as well as the behavior of health persuance. Therefore it is the basic research data of great worth to review philosophical the Ghi phenomena which is well known to Korean.