• 공업화학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2005

본 논문은 니켈이 담지된 촉매를 이용하여 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질반응에서 발생하는 탄소퇴적의 속도와 반응온도에 따른 카본생성 경로를 연구하였다. 개질 반응이 진행되는 동안 촉매 위에 발생하는 탄소퇴적과 그 속도측정을 위한 반응장치로는 열분석기를 이용하였다. 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질반응에서 반응기체 조성을 달리하여 실험한 결과 코크형성의 반응차수가 1.33($CH_4$)과 -0.52($CO_2$)임을 확인하였다. 또한, 탄소퇴적속도를 이용한 모델식을 근거로 반응온도에 따른 반응속도인자를 계산한 결과 $600^{\circ}C$ 미만에서는 메탄의 분해반응만이 주로 발생하며 $600{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ 사이에서는 메탄의 분해반응과 더불어 이산화탄소 해리반응이 동시에 진행됨을 알았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 입자완화 유체동역학기법을 이용하여 고속충돌에 의해 생성된 파편 및 파편운의 분산거동을 고찰하였다. 충격구와 표적판은 모두 알루미늄 소재를 대상으로 하였으며 해석을 통해 예측한 파편운의 장축 및 단축의 길이와 참고문헌의 실험값을 비교하여 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 검증된 SPH 기법을 기반으로 1.5~4 km/s의 속도 범위에서 고속충돌 및 파괴 해석을 수행하였으며 이에 따른 파편의 분산 거동을 운동에너지 관점에서 평가하였다. 표적판 뒤에 배치된 관측판상에 분포된 파편의 최대 분산반경은 충돌속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 충돌시 발생하는 파편의 분산 거동을 바탕으로 손상범위 예측을 위한 경험식을 도출하였고, 파편 운동에너지의 95 %는 최대분산반경의 50 % 이내에 집중됨을 확인하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2008

The two dimensional PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurement technique is applied to water flow in a narrow cavitation tunnel. The nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows are generated by the honeycomb installed in the tunnel and visualized with a PIV technique. The velocities in the measurement plane at the tunnel centerline 184cm downward from the honeycomb were measured and calculated by an image correlation technique. The turbulent properties are evaluated and each term in the turbulent kinetic energy equation is calculated for the conditions with different internal pressures. Lowering the internal pressure gives an effect on the turbulent flow due to growing bubbles which are resolved in the water. The turbulent kinetic energy in the measurement plane is decayed much slower than those of other research results carried out with wind tunnels. With decreasing the tunnel internal pressures the turbulent intensities are increased about 1.5 times and the anisotropic tendency is also increased.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

This study investigated the potential of using bottom ash to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical characteristics of bottom ash were determined, with a series of leaching and adsorption experiments performed to evaluate the suitability of bottom ash as an adsorbent material. Trace elements were present, such as silicon and aluminum, indicating that the material had a good adsorption capacity. All heavy metals leached during the Korea standard leaching test (KSLT) passed the regulatory limits for safe disposal, while batch adsorption experiments showed that bottom ash was capable of adsorbing Pb (experimental $q_e$ = 0.05 mg/g), wherein the adsorption rate increased with decreasing particle size. The adsorption data were then fitted to kinetic models, including Lagergren first-order and Pseudo-second order, as well as the Elovich equation, and isotherm models, including the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The results showed that pseudo-second order kinetics was the most suitable model for describing the kinetic adsorption, while the Freundlich isotherm best represented the equilibrium sorption onto bottom ash. The maximum sorption capacity and energy of adsorption of bottom ash were 0.315 mg/g and 7.01 KJ/mol, respectively.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.649-656
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• 1992

t-Butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP)에 의한 염화알릴의 에폭시화에 의해서 에피클로로히드린을 합성하는데 실리카에 담지된 몰리브데늄 촉매를 사용하였다. 속도론적 연구는 회분 반응기를 사용하여 $60-80^{\circ}C$, 10기압에서 TBHP/염화알릴의 농도비를 0.01-0.1의 범위내에서 수행하였다. t-butyl alcohol(TBA)에 의해서 염화알릴의 에폭시화 반응이 억제되었고, 반응속도는 Michaelis-Menten 형태의 속도식으로 표현할 수 있었다. 반응기구는 TBHP와 TBA의 가역흡착과 $Mo/SiO_2$에 흡착된 TBHP와 염화알릴의 표면반응으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

Recently EC-MBR (Elctrocoagulation - Membrane Bio Reactor) has been suggested as one of alternative processes to overcome membrane fouling problems. Most important operational parameters in the EC-MBR are known to current density and contact time. Their effect on membrane filtration performances has been reported well, however, quantitative interrelationship between both parameters not been investigated yet. The purpose of this study is to give a kinetic model suggesting the current density and the contact time required to reduce the membrane fouling. The 4 different set of current densities (2.5, 6, 12 and $24A/m^2$) and contact times (0, 2, 6 and 12 hr) were selected as operational parameters. After each electro-coagulation under the 16 different conditions, a series of membrane filtration was carried out. The membrane fouling decreased as the current density and contact time increased, Total fouling resistances under different conditions, $R_t(=R_c+R_f)$ were calculated and compared to those of the controls ($R_0$), which were calculated from the data of experiments without electro-coagulation. A kinetic approach for the fouling reduction rate ($R_t/R_0$) was carried out and the equation ${\rho}^{0.46}_it=7.0$ was obtained, which means that the product of current density and the contact time needed to reduce the fouling in certain amounts (in this study, 10% of fouling reduction) is always constant.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2006

본 연구는 다양한 유기물과 난분해성 물질들이 포함되어 있는 제약 폐수 내 미생물의 생화학적 특성을 이해하고자 생물학적 동력학 계수를 측정 하고자하였다. 생물학적 동력학 계수는 최대 비성장율과 수율계수, 그리고 반속도상수를 측정하였는데, 각각 10.49/day (0.437/hr), 0.655 그리고 38.89 mg/L로 나타났다. Monod 식의 비선형회귀분석으로 구한 ${\mu}_{max}$ 값 또한 10.63/day (0.443/hr)로 측정되어 두가지 경우에서 구한 값이 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 생물학적 동력학 계수를 제약 폐수 처리의 활성슬러지 공정의 산소요구량 및 용존 산소 농도 연구와 병행한다면 제약 폐수의 처리 효율 증진 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

Methyl ester derived from coconut oil is very interesting to study since it contains free-fatty acid with chemical structure of medium carbon chain ($C_{12}-C_{14}$), so the methyl ester obtained from its part can be a biodiesel and another partially into biokerosene. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the production of methyl ester requires severe conditions (high pressure and high temperature), while at low temperature and atmospheric conditions, yield of methyl ester is relatively very low. By using microwave irradiation trans-esterification reaction with heterogeneous catalysts, it is expected to be much faster and can give higher yields. Therefore, we studied the production of methyl ester from coconut oil using CaO catalyst assisted by microwave. Our aim was to find a kinetic model of methyl ester production through a transesterification process from coconut oil assisted by microwave using heterogeneous CaO catalyst. The experimental apparatus consisted of a batch reactor placed in a microwave oven equipped with a condenser, stirrer and temperature controllers. Batch process was conducted at atmospheric pressure with a variation of CaO catalyst concentration (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0, 2.5%) and microwave power (100, 264 and 400 W). In general, the production process of methyl esters by heterogeneous catalyst will obtain three layers, wherein the first layer is the product of methyl ester, the second layer is glycerol and the third layer is the catalyst. The experimental results show that the yield of methyl ester increases along with the increase of microwave power, catalyst concentration and reaction time. Kinetic model of methyl ester production can be represented by the following equation: $-r_{TG}=1.7{\cdot}10^6{_e}{\frac{-43.86}{RT}}C_{TG}$.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.695-701
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• 1993

25$^{\circ}C$에서 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤 이성분 혼합수용액과 물, 메탄올에서의 가용매분해반응 속도 상수를 결정하고, 이들 속도자료를 Grunwald-Winstein 식과 Kivinen 관계식을 이용하여 해석하였다. 또한 물과 메탄올에서의 속도론적 용매 동위원소 효과와 알코올-물 혼합용매계에서 생성물 선택성 값을 결정하였다. 염화 2-티오펜술포닐의 가용매 분해반으에 대한 속도론적 용매 동위원소 효과는 메탄올과 물에서 각가 2.24와 1.47이었다. 에탄올-물에서의 술포닐 에스테르 형성에 대한 선택성 값은 최대값을 나타내었다. 메탄올과 물에서의 속도론적 용매 동위원소 효과, 알코올 수용액에서의 선택성 자료와 용매효과로부터, 본 연구에서의 반응은 극성이 낮은 용매계에서는 일반염기 촉매반응과 또는 S$_A$N 반응이 유리하고, 극성이 큰 용매계에서는 S$_N$2 반응의 유리한 반응으로 진행되는 것으로 제안하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2019

The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of fresh leachate and domestic wastewaters codigestion was determined by laboratory Bach Tests at $35^{\circ}C$ over a period of 90 d using a wide range of leachates volumetric ratios from 0% to 100%. To simulate wastewaters plant treatment step, all the ratios were first air stripped for 48 h before anaerobic incubation. The kinetic of biogas production was assessed using modified Gompertz model and exponential equation. The results obtained showed that cumulative biogas production was insignificant in the case of wastewaters monodigestion while the codigestion significantly improves the BMP. Air stripping pretreatment had positive effect on both ammonium concentration and volatiles fatty acids with reduction up to 75% and 42%, respectively. According to the Modified Gompertz model, the optimal anaerobic co-digestion conditions both in terms of maximal biogas potential, start-up period and maximum daily biogas production rate, could be achieved within large leachate volumetric ratios from 25% to 75% with a maximum BMP value of 438.42 mL/g volatile solid at 50% leachate ratio. The positive effect of codigestion was attributed to a dilution effect of chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid concentrations to optimal range that was between 11.7 to $32.3gO_2/L$ and 2.1 to 7.4 g/L, respectively. These results suggested that the treatment of fresh leachate by their dilution and co digestion at wastewaters treatment plants could be a promising alternative for both energetic and treatment purposes.