• 한국유변학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유변학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.25-27
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• 2002

In this study we investigated the reaction kinetics by a convenient but useful method-rheology to characterize the interface between two immiscible blends with a Reactive compatibilizer. Also, we made an attempt to correlate changes of interface roughness with rheological properties. The blend systems employed in this study was mono-carboxylated polystyrene (PS-mCOOH) and an poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-glycidylmethacrylate) (PMMA-GMA). PS-mCOOH was synthesized by an anionic polymerization and PMMA-GMA by a free radical polymerization. We prepared two plates of each polymer using compression molding with a smooth surface molder, then put one upon another. As soon as these two plates welds together inside a rheometer under nitrogen environment, the torque and moduli were obtained with reaction time at different temperatures. Through the analysis of this modulus change with reaction time, we estimated interfacial reaction and roughening. The increment of modulus in initial state can be correlated to the extent of reaction. We obtained the reaction kinetic constant by fitting appropriate kinetic equation into experimental data. We also showed that increment of modulus in later state was due to by roughened interface.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2012

Purpose: Drying characteristics of sawdust was studied under batch mode using lab scale microwave dryer. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of material load and microwave output power on drying characteristics of sawdust. Methods: Material load and microwave output power were varied from 23 to 186 g and 530 to 370 W respectively. Different kinetic models were tested to fit the drying rates of sawdust. Similarly, the activation energy was calculated by employing the Arrhenius equation. Results: The drying efficiency increased considerably, whereas the specific energy consumption significantly decreased with increase in material load and microwave output power. The cumulative energy efficiency increased by 9%, and the specific energy consumption decreased by 8% when the material load was increased from 23 to 186 g. The effective diffusivity increased with decrease in material load and increase in microwave output power. The previously published model gave the best fit for data points with $R^2$ and RMSE values of 0.999 and 0.01, respectively. Conclusions: The data obtained from this study could be used as a basis for modeling of large scale industrial microwave dryers for the pellet production.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2006

The thermal degradation of poly(hexamethylene guanidine) phosphate (PHMG) was studied by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis-GC/MS (p-GC). Thermal degradation of PHMG occurs in three different processes, such as dephosphorylation, sublimation/vaporization of amine compounds and decomposition/ recombination of hydrocarbon residues. The kinetic parameters of each stage were calculated from the Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. The Chang method was also used for comparison study. To investigate the degradation mechanisms of the three different stages, the Coats-Redfern and the Phadnis-Deshpande methods were employed. The probable degradation mechanism for the first stage was a nucleation and growth mechanism, $A_n$ type. However, a power law and a diffusion mechanism, $D_n$ type, were operated for the second degradation stage, whereas a nucleation and growth mechanism, $A_n$ type, were operated again for the third degradation stage of PHMG. The theoretical weight loss against temperature curves, calculated by the estimated kinetic parameters, well fit the experimental data, thereby confirming the validity of the analysis method used in this work. The life-time predicted from the kinetic equation is a valuable guide for the thermal processing of PHMG.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2021

For accurate and reliable process design for phenol oxidation in a plug flow reactor with supercritical water, modeling can be very insightful. Here, the velocity and density distribution along the reactor have been predicted by a numerical model and variations of temperature and phenol mass fraction are calculated under various flow conditions. The numerical model shows that as we proceed along the length of the reactor the temperature falls from above 430 ℃ to approximately 380 ℃. This is because the generated heat from the exothermic reaction is less that the amount lost through the walls of the reactor. Also, along the length, the linear velocity falls to less than one-third of the initial value while the density more than doubles. This is due to the fall in temperature which results in higher density which in turn demands a lower velocity to satisfy the continuity equation. Having a higher oxygen concentration at the reactor inlet leads to much faster phenol destruction; this leads to lower capital costs (shorter reactor will be required); however, the operational expenditures will increase for supplying the needed oxygen. The phenol destruction depends heavily on the kinetic parameters and can be as high as 99.9%. Using different kinetic parameters is shown to significantly influence the predicted distributions inside the reactor and final phenol conversion. These results demonstrate the importance of selecting kinetic parameters carefully particularly when these predictions are used for reactor design.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2015

석유 코크스, 바이오매스, 혼합연료들의 이산화탄소 가스화 반응성을 측정하고 비교하기 위해서 TGA (Thermogravimetric analyzer)를 이용하여 $1,100{\sim}1,400^{\circ}C$의 char-$CO_2$ 가스화 반응을 조사하였다. 기-고체반응속도 모델들에 적용하여 $1,100{\sim}1,400^{\circ}C$의 온도 영역에서의 반응 속도 상수를 구하였다. 또한 반응 속도 상수와 온도와의 관계를 Arrhenius 식에 적용하여 각 모델에서의 활성화에너지(Ea) 및 빈도 인자($K_0$)를 구하고 이를 실험값과 비교하여 석유 코크스, 바이오매스, 혼합 연료들의 이산화탄소 가스화 반응을 잘 모사하는 반응 속도식을 제시하였다. 반응온도가 증가할수록 이산화탄소 가스화에 소요되는 반응시간은 감축되었다. 또한 바이오매스와의 혼합이 증가할수록 활성화 에너지의 감소를 보여 바이오매스의 혼합이 석유 코크스의 이산화탄소 가스화 반응에 시너지 효과를 가져옴을 확인하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic object changer unit to improve processing problems existed in the conventional horizontal machining center. In order to perform this objective, a upward and downward traverse unit in which a unit that consists of a motor and reducer, chain and sprocket wheel, and upper and lower base employed in an automatic object changer unit performs sliding contact motion in a frame was designed. To achieve this design, constraint conditions for the upward and downward traverse unit first designed. Then, an operation mechanism was designed and that was introduced as a sum of kinetic energy for the sprocket wheel and upper and lower base based on the moment of inertia, which is the kinetic energy of the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer. In addition, The work required to rotate the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer by one revolution can be calculated using the sum of work that is required in the sprocket wheel and upper and lower base that is a part of the upward and downward traverse unit. Furthermore, the converted equation of motion in the side of the motor can be introduced using the equation of motion using the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the motor. Then, Then, a proper motor can be determined using predetermined specifications employed in the motor and several parameters in the upward and downward traverse unit in order to verify such predetermined specifications. Also, a design of a horizontal traverse unit that performs sliding motion on a upward and downward traverse unit and simulation that verifies the results of this design are required as a future study.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.444-453
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 난류구조에 대한 유선곡률의 영향을 명확히 반영하는 적절한 곡률수정 2-방정식모델을 개발하고자 한다. 이 연구에서 제안된 모델의 타당성은 다 음의 2차원 재순환유동에 대한 실험결과와 계산결과의 비교를 통해서 입증될 것이다. (1) Moss와 Bake에 의하여 맥동열선 풍속계로 측정된 두꺼운 수직벽주위의 유동` (2) 레이저 도플러 속도계로 Fraser와 Siddig에 의해 측정된 얇은 수직벽유동` (3)맥동열 선 풍속계로 Eaton이 실험한 후면벽유동` (4)맥동열선 풍속계로 Moss와 Baker가 측정 한 전면벽유동. 새로운 곡률수정 2-방정식모델은 2장에서 설명되고 있으며, 3장에서 는 경계조건과 수치계산 과정이 간단이 기술되어 있다. 그 뒤에 4장에는 계산결과와 실험치에대한 비교검토가 설명되어 있고 마지막으로 5장에서는 본 연구에 대한 결론을 맺고 있다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2008

Water vapor adsorption kinetics of 3 different types of chitosan-based films, i.e., control chitosan, chitosan/montmorillionite (Na-MMT), and chitosan/silver-zeolite (Ag-Ion) nanocomposite films, were investigated at temperature range of $10-40^{\circ}C$. In all the films, water vapor is initially adsorbed rapidly and then it comes slowly to reach equilibrium condition. Reasonably good straight lines were obtained with plotting of 1/($m-m_0$) vs. l/t. It was found that water vapor adsorption kinetics of chitosan-based films was accurately described by a simple empirical model and the rate constant of the model followed temperature dependence according to Arrhenius equation. Arrhenius kinetic parameters ($E_a$ and $k_o$) for water vapor adsorption by chitosan-based films showed a kinetic compensation effect between the parameters with the isokinetic temperature of 315.52 K.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 1990

The oxidation of carbon monoxide on a catalyst, $LaSrNiCoO_3$ was investigatigated with a plug flow system. Kinetic quantities such as reaction-rate, reaction order and Arhenius-parameters at various reactor temperature from 200$^\circ$C to 300$^\circ$C were determined. Also, the optimum condition for the oxidation of carbon monoxide with this catalyst was determined and are as follows. Partial pressure of oxigen ; 428mmHg Partial pressure of carbon monoxide ; 332mmHg Mixed moral ratio of oxigen and Carbon monoxide ; 1.3 : 1 Total gas flow ; 224ml/min Reaction temperature ; 340$^\circ$C The reaction kinetic equation at the optimum condition, temperature range from 200$^\circ$C to 340$^\circ$C, are as follow. $$ $v = Ae^{6.5Kcal/RT} [CO]^{0.93 \sim 0.98} [O_2]^{0.42 \sim 0.50}$ $$ In addition to this, numerical calculation were performed to evaluate the mass and heat transfer effect on this system.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.201-203
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• 2005

A kinetic model for particle coarsening behavior in the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) was proposed. Unlike the conventional approach, where the mean-sized particle is considered to grow continuously, the proposed model considered the critical particle size which can be derived from the Gibbs-Thomson equation. In this study, the proposed particle coarsening model was applied to study the behavior of (Ti, Nb )(C, N) complex particle in the weld HAZ. The predicted particle size distributions using the proposed model were in agreement with the experimental results.