• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Rice plant numbers and density are key factors for yield and quality of rice grains. Precise and properly estimated rice plant numbers and density can assure high yield from rice fields. The main objective of this study was to automatically detect and count rice plants using images of usual field condition from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We proposed an automatic image processing method based on morphological operation and boundaries of the connected component to count rice plant numbers after transplanting. We converted RGB images to binary images and applied adaptive median filter to remove distortion and noises. Then we applied a morphological operation to the binary image and draw boundaries to the connected component to count rice plants using those images. The result reveals the algorithm can conduct a performance of 89% by the F-measure, corresponding to a Precision of 87% and a Recall of 91%. The best fit image gives a performance of 93% by the F-measure, corresponding to a Precision of 91% and a Recall of 96%. Comparison between the numbers of rice plants detected and counted by the naked eye and the numbers of rice plants found by the proposed method provided viable and acceptable results. The $R^2$ value was approximately 0.893.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2561-2567
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• 2015

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Our study aimed to reveal molecular mechanisms. Microarray data of GSE15471 (including 39 matching pairs of pancreatic tumor tissues and patient-matched normal tissues) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PDAC tissues compared with normal tissues by limma package in R language. Then GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were conducted with online DAVID. In addition, principal component analysis was performed and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to study relationships between the DEGs through database STRING. A total of 532 DEGs were identified in the 38 PDAC tissues compared with 33 normal tissues. The results of principal component analysis of the top 20 DEGs could differentiate the PDAC tissues from normal tissues directly. In the PPI network, 8 of the 20 DEGs were all key genes of the collagen family. Additionally, FN1 (fibronectin 1) was also a hub node in the network. The genes of the collagen family as well as FN1 were significantly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways. Our results suggest that genes of collagen family and FN1 may play an important role in PDAC progression. Meanwhile, these DEGs and enriched pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion may be important molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of PDAC.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.41-65
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• 2002

We study a multi-component production/inventory system in which individual components are made to meet various demand types. We assume that the demands arrive according to a Poisson process, but there is a fixed probability that a demand requests a particular kit of different components. Each component is produced by a flow line with several stations in which the processing times of each station follow a two-stage Coxian distribution. The production of each component is operated by an independent base-stock policy with blocking. We assume that the time needed to assemble final products follows a general distribution and the capacity of an assembling facility is sufficiently large. The objective of this study is to obtain key performance measures such as the distribution of the number of each orders for each final product and the mean time of fulfilling a customer order. The basic principle of the proposed approximation method is to decompose the original system into a set of subsystems, each subsystem being associated with a flow line. Each subsystem is analyzed in isolation using a Marie's method. An iterative procedure is then used to determine the unknown parameters of each subsystem. Numerical results show that the accuracy of the approximation method is acceptable.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.220-228
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• 2002

The cool-down performance after soaking is very important in an automotive air-conditioning system and is considered as a key design variable. Therefore, transient characteristics of each system component are essential to the preliminary design as well as steady-state performance. The objective of this study is to develop a computer simulation model and ostinato theoretically the transient performance of an automotive air-conditioning system. To do that, the mathematical modelling of each component, such as compressor, condenser, receiver/drier, expansion valve, and evaporator, is presented first of all. The basic balance equations about mass and energy are used in modelling. For detailed calculation, condenser and evaporator are divided into many sub-sections. Each sub-section is an elemental volume for modelling. In models of expansion valve and compressor, dynamic behaviors are not considered in this analysis, but the quasisteady state ones are just considered, such as the relation between mass flow rate and pressure drop in expansion device, polytropic process in compressor, etc. Also it is assumed that there are no heat loss and no pressure drop in discharge, liquid, and suction lines. The developed simulation model is validated by comparing with the laboratory test data of an automotive air-conditioning system. The overall time-tracing properties of each component agreed well with those of test data in this case.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.814-823
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• 2012

Electric power transmission utilities make an effort to maximize profit by reducing their electricity supply and operation costs while maintaining their reliability. The development of maintenance strategies for aged components is one of the more effective ways to achieve this goal. The reliability centered approach is a key method in providing optimal maintenance strategies. It considers the tradeoffs between the upfront maintenance costs and the potential costs incurred by reliability losses. This paper discusses the application of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique used to find the optimal maintenance strategy for a transmission component in order to achieve the minimum total expected cost composed of Generation Cost (GC), Maintenance Cost (MC), Repair Cost (RC) and Outage Cost (OC). Three components of a transmission system are considered: overhead lines, underground cables and insulators are considered. In regards to aged and aging component, a component state model that uses a modified Markov chain is proposed. A simulation has been performed on an IEEE 9-bus system. The results from this simulation are quite encouraging, and then the proposed approach will be useful in practical maintenance scheduling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2011

Korean adults' internet addiction diagnosis measure, K-scale developed by Korea National Information Society Agency (NIA), has composed of 4 categories including 20 items. This scale can diagnose user's internet addiction with individual's questionnaire items. Most of previous research works were tried to know reasons of internet addiction and to judge whether adolescents are addicted or not with their samples. In this research, it is the goal to find the key component to judge individual's internet addiction by using a decision tree in the data mining field and a principal component analysis in statistics. From the experimental results, we would discover that tolerance and preoccupation factor is the most important one to affect adult's internet addiction.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.245-259
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• 2024

In a tornadic wind field, the vertical velocity component in certain regions of tornadoes can be significant, forming one of the major differences between tornadic wind fields and synoptic straight-line wind fields. To better understand the wind characteristics of tornadoes and properly estimate the action of tornadoes on civil structures, it is important to ensure that all the attributes of tornadoes are captured. Although Doppler radars have been used to measure tornadic wind fields, they can only directly provide information on quasi-horizontal velocity. Therefore, lots of numerical simulations and experimental tests in previous research ignored the vertical velocity at the boundary. However, the influence of vertical velocity in tornadic wind fields is not evaluated. To address this research gap, this study is to use an approach to derive the vertical velocity component based on the horizontal velocities extracted from the radar-measured data by mass continuity. This approach will be illustrated by using the radar-measured data of Spencer Tornado as an example. The vertical velocity component is included in the initial inflow condition in the CFD simulation to assess the influence of including vertical velocity in the initial inflow condition on the entire tornadic wind field.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1695-1702
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• 2009

An animal-component-free and chemically defined fed-batch process for GS-engineered cell lines producing recombinant antibodies has been developed. The fed-batch process relied on supplying sufficient nutrients to match their consumption, simultaneously minimizing the accumulation of by-products (lactate and osmolality). The proportionalities of nutritional consumption were determined by direct analysis. The robust, metabolically responsive feeding strategy was based on the offline measurement of glucose. The fed-batch process was shown to perform equivalently in GS-CHO and GS-NS0 cultures. Compared with batch cultures, the fed-batch technology generated the greater increase in cell yields (5-fold) and final antibody concentrations (4-8-fold). The majority of the increase in final antibody concentration was a function of the increased cell density and the prolonged culture time. This generic and high-yielding fed-batch process would shorten development time, and ensure process stability, thereby facilitating the manufacture of therapeutic antibodies by GS-engineered cell lines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.271-280
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• 2010

Vibrio alginolyticus, a Gram-negative marine bacterium, is one of the causative agents of fish vibriosis. Its virulence factors and pathogenesis mechanism are barely known, except for some extracellular products (ECPs) that are known to be regulated by quorum sensing system. Therefore, the present study used a microarray to analyze the transcription profiles of the wild-type V. alginolyticus and a deletion mutant of luxO, the pivotal regulator in Vibrio quorum sensing systems, which resulted in the identification of a putative virulence factor, MviN. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR confirmed that the transcription of mviN was upregulated in the luxO mutant when compared with wild-type, and down regulated in a luxO-con complemented strain. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that MviN was greatly induced during the late-exponential and stationary phases of growth, indicating that the expression of MviN was cell-density dependent and quorum sensing regulated in V. alginolyticus. Meanwhile, the mviN null mutant displayed a much slower growth rate than the wild type, signifying the essential role of MviN in V. alginolyticus. Western blotting also revealed that MviN was present as an extracellular protein in V. alginolyticus. When epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells were treated with the ECPs of the mviN mutant, no cytotoxicity was observed, whereas EPC cells treated with the wild type exhibited pathological changes, which increased with the ECPs concentration and treatment time. Therefore, the results demonstrated that MviN is a LuxO-regulated ECPs component and involved in the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3293-3297
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• 2014

Background: Pine needle oil from crude extract of pine needles has anti-tumor effects, but the effective component is not known. Methods: In the present study, compounds from a steam distillation extract of pine needles were isolated and characterized. Alpha-pinene was identified as an active anti-proliferative compound on hepatoma carcinoma BEL-7402 cells using the MTT assay. Results: Further experiments showed that ${\alpha}$-pinene inhibited BEL-7402 cells by arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, downregulating Cdc25C mRNA and protein expression, and reducing cycle dependence on kinase 1(CDK1) activity. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that ${\alpha}$-pinene may be useful as a potential anti-tumor drug.