• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

Use of ketamine and propofol combination (so-called Ketofol) anesthesiain a fixed ratio (1:1 mg/ml) was reported in dogs. The use of ketofol reduced cardiovascular suppression, but respiratory-related side effects was not significantly different from propofol alone. In this study, we evaluated the quality of ketofol anesthesia and changes in cardiopulmonary function according to the ratio of ketamine to propofol. The experimental groups were divided into three groups: propofol alone (P group), 3:7 ketofol group (PK1 group) and 1:1 ketofol group (PK2). For each group, the dose of 0.8 ml/kgwas administered intravenously at a constant rate until the tracheal intubation was possible and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane for 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia. There was no significant difference in the anesthetic quality among three groups. Also, there was no difference in respiratory rate, tidal volume, end-tidal carbondioxide, and oxygen saturation. In group P, heart rate was not changed significantly during anesthesia, but arterial blood pressure decreased, while heart rate and arterial blood pressure increased significantly in group PK2. In the PK1 group, heart rate and arterial blood pressure during anesthesia remained similar to pre-anesthetic values. In conclusion, ketofol might be used as induction agent, and 3:7 ratioof ketofol showed more safe and effective anesthetic effect in dogs. Additionally, 1:1 ketofol may be used in patients with severe bradycardia orhypotension with close monitoring during anesthesia.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2023

Sedation methods for dental treatment are increasingly explored. Recently, ketofol, which is a combination of ketamine and propofol, has been increasingly used because the advantages and disadvantages of propofol and ketamine complement each other and increase their effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the pharmacology of ketamine and propofol, use of ketofol in various clinical situations, and differences in efficacy between ketofol and other sedatives.