• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.271-274
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• 1998

This paper describes a new method for separation of the Volterra kernels which are identified by use of M-sequence. One of the authors has proposed a method for identification of Volterra kernels of nonlinear systems using M-sequence and correlation technique. When M-sequence are applied to a nonlinear systems, the cross-correlation function between the input and the output of the nonlinear systems includes cross-sections of high-order Volterra kernels. However, if various order Volterra kernels exixt on the obtained cross-correlation function, it is difficult to separate the Volterra kernels. In this paper, the authors show that the magnitude of Volterra kernels is maginified by the amplitude of M-sequence according to the order of Volterra kernels. By use of this property, each order Volterra kernels is obtained by solving linear equations. Simulations are carried out for some nonlinear systems. The results show that Volterra kernels can be separated in each order successfully by the proposed method.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.1 s.120
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find out effects of abnormal kernels of 0 to 30% in brown rice on quality characteristics during milling using friction type test mill. The average hardness values of abnormal and normal brown rice kernels were 6.52 kg$_f$, 8.48 kg$_f$, respectively. According to the increase of abnormal kernels in brown rice, grain temperature, required electrical energy, the broken kernels ratio, and the weight of solid matter on the surface of milled rice were increased due to crush of the abnormal kernels during milling, which proves that abnormal kernels in brown rice should be removed before milling to improve milling characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to compare physicochemical, microbial, and antioxidant properties of domestic and imported wheat kernels for bread making. Two domestic (JK1, 2) and three imported (ND, DNS, and CWRS) kernels were compared. Domestic kernels had higher moisture contents, and lower ash and protein contents (p<0.05). In grain characteristics, JK1 had 13.62% of damaged kernels, which was the highest among the samples (p<0.05). JK2 was similar to imported kernels in the ratio of sound kernels, foreign materials, and damaged kernels. Kernel size of JK1, 2 was larger than the imported kernels; therefore, kernels area and perimeter were higher by the image analyzer. Domestic kernels hid lower total aerobic counts the imported kernels (p<0.05). Domestic kernels and DNS had no yeast, while NS and CWRS had yeast in kernels. DNS (3.08 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) had the highest total polyphenol content (TPC), followed by JK1 (2.81 mg GAE/g). JK2 had the lowest amount of TPC as 2.26 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was the highest in DNS as 0.44 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g and JK2 was the lowest as 0.12 mg CE/g. Domestic wheat kernels had lower protein content and lightness than the imported wheat kernels so that flour from domestic wheat kernels may have lower quality for baking.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2017

There is a growing preference for using doubled haploids (DHs) in maize breeding programs because they reduce the time required to generate and evaluate new lines to 2 years or less. However, there is an urgent need for efficient techniques that accurately discriminate between haploid and diploid maize kernels. Here, we investigate the effects of several hormones and chemicals on the germination of haploid and diploid maize kernels, including auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone), ABA catabolism inhibitor (diniconazole), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and NaCl. Ethylene effectively stimulated the germination of both haploid and diploid maize kernels. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, the ABA catabolism inhibitor diniconazole, and MeJA selectively stimulated the germination of haploid maize kernels. By contrast, gibberellin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin, and NaCl inhibited the germination of both haploid and diploid maize kernels. These results indicate that the germination of haploid maize kernels is selectively stimulated by fluridone and diniconazole, and suggest that ABA-mediated germination of haploid maize kernels differs from that of diploid maize kernels and other plant seeds.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.414-417
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• 1997

Many small-sized real-time kernels do not provide memory management and device drivers, not to mention file management. In this paper, we propose a design and implementation of TCP/IP protocol stack for such small real-time kernels based on [6] where we studied issues to be considered for porting the functionalities of TCP/IP for such small real-time kernels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.529-535
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach towards multiple kernels interval type-2 possibilistic fuzzy C-means(PFCM) based on interval type-2 possibilistic fuzzy c-means(IT2PFCM) and possibilistic fuzzy c-means using multiple kernels( PFCM-MK). In case of noisy data or overlapping cluster prototypes, fuzzy C-means gives poor performance in comparison to possibilistic fuzzy C-means(PFCM). Moreover, to address the uncertainty associated with fuzzifier parameter m, interval type-2 possibilistic fuzzy C-means(PFCM) is used. Most of the practical data available are complex and non-linearly separable. In such cases using Gaussian kernels proves helpful. Therefore, in order to overcome all these issues, we have integrated multiple kernels possibilistic fuzzy C-means(PFCM) into interval type-2 possibilistic fuzzy C-means(IT2PFCM) and propose the idea of multiple kernels based interval type-2 possibilistic fuzzy C-means(IT2PFCM-MK).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 1997

To obtain information on the accumulation of (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucans during kernel maturation, (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucan contents and (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities were determined in developing kernels of the two Korean cooking barley varieties, Neulssalbori and Saessalbori. (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-Glucan contents in kernels at 5 and 10 days after anthesis(DAA) were very low and the contents increased rapidly in kernels at 15 to 25 DAA. (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-Glucan content in kernels at harvest was about 3.5 to 4% of kernel dry matter. (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-Glucanase activities were relatively higher in younger kernels but the levels of the activity were very low compared with those in germinating kernels. A significant negative correlation was observed between (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucan contents and (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities. Low levels of (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activites in kernels at 15 to 30 DAA, however, may indicate that (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanases have little effect on the final content of (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucans in barley kernels. Starch contents and $\alpha$-amylase activities were also determined in developing barley kernels. Starch contents increased rapidly as kernels matured and the content at harvest was about 60% of kernel dry matter. Relativley higher levels of $\alpha$-amylase activities in kernels at the earlier developmental stage decreased rapidly as kernels matured.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.276-282
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• 2004

Barley flakes were developed by extrusion cooking using broken kernels, by-products of the barley pearling process. Broken kernels from both non-waxy and waxy barley broken kernels were sufficiently gelatinized at the barrel temperature of over $100^{\circ}C$ and the moisture content of broken kernels of over 35%. Cutting and flaking roll separating properties of pellets prepared from non-waxy barley broken kernels were better than those of waxy barley broken kernels. Characteristics of pellets prepared by extrusion cooking in different mixing ratios of non-waxy and waxy barley broken kernels were investigated. As the mixing ratio of waxy barley broken kernels increased, RVA peak viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield stress of prepared pellets decreased, while flow behavior index increased. As the mixing ratio of waxy barley broken kernels increased, compressive strength and bulk density of deep-fat fried flakes drastically decreased, and the size of air cells on cross-section increased, and thickness of cell-constituting bodies decreased. Sensory evaluation results showed that acceptability for texture and taste of flakes inclosed as the mixing ratio of waxy barley broken kernels increased, and optimum mixing level of waxy barley broken kernels appeared to be 30-40%.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.449-468
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• 2022

In this paper we determine explicitly the kernels 𝕜_α,β associated with new Bergman spaces A²_α,β(𝔻) considered recently by the first author and M. Zaway. Then we study the distribution of the zeros of these kernels essentially when α ∈ ℕ where the zeros are given by the zeros of a real polynomial Q_α,β. Some numerical results are given throughout the paper.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.207-226
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• 2024

In this paper, the weighted L^p boundedness of multilinear commutators and multilinear iterated commutators generated by the multilinear singular integral operators with generalized kernels and BMO functions is established, where the weight is multiple weight. Our results are generalizations of the corresponding results for multilinear singular integral operators with standard kernels and Dini kernels under certain conditions.