• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2020

Previous studies have suggested that microbial fermentation is an attractive process to develop food products using seaweed. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as starters for seaweed fermentation. The isolation of LAB strains was conducted using kelp Saccharina japonica kimchi, a well-known fermented seaweed in southeastern Korea. Based on the assay of acid tolerance, bile tolerance and antioxidant activity, 15 strains of LAB were selected for further study. The LABs exhibited cholesterol lowering activity in the range of 15.50 to 94.77%. Among the LABs suitable for food production, Lactobacillus plantarum D-11 had the highest antioxidant and cholesterol lowering activities. This probiotic strain will be applied to develop various kelp fermentation products.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2005

Laboratory culture of the native kelp Kjelimaniella crassifolia and the introduced species Laminaria japonica in east coast of Korea were compared at each stage of their life cycles. In the zoospore stage, L. japonica grows optimally at a water temperature of $15{\~}20^{\circ}C$ achieving $95\%$ spore release in 24 hours, whereas K. crassifolia requires 48 hours to achieve $90\%$ spore release in these conditions. Good growth of gametophytes occurred at $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ in both species. L. japonica grows optimally under high light intensity ($80{\~}120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$) while K. crassifolia grows best under low light intensity ($40{\~}60{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Growth of juvenile sporophytes of L. japonica was good in various water temperatures ($10{\~}20^{\circ}C$) and light levels ($40{\~}120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$) while K. crassifolia grew to optimal blade length only under specific conditions ($10{\~}40{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$). While the optimal culture conditions for K. crassifolia were more constrained than those of L. japonica which tolerated a wide range of water temperatures and light intensities, the laboratory culture conditions for both of these species reflect the natural environment in which these species are found.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 2005

To increase IgY in egg yolks, hens were fed a feed supplemented with kelp meal $4\%$ cinnamon $0.3\%$ and mint $2\%$ respectively, and immunized 5 times with Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) at 2 week intervals. Groups fed experimental feeds without immunization showed higher laying rate than the control group, without supplementary feed and immunization. After the immunization, the laying rates had been decreasing due to the stress of immunization. The laying rate was recovered after the termination of immunization. Egg weight was not affected by the immunization but diets. Feed intake was dependent on the laying rate. Total IgY concentration in eggs laid from hens fed feeds containing supplementary feeds was higher than that of control. Especially, total IgY was increased up to $7.9\%$ in eggs laid from hens fed feeds supplemented with $4\%$ of kelp meal. Anti-S. mutans IgY was detected at 4 weeks after first immunization. Activity of anti-S. mutans IgY was sustained at 5 week after the final immunization. As the average concentration of specific IgY during the experimental period showed that eggs from hens fed the feed containing $4\%$ of kelp meal increased the specific IgY by $8.5\%$ kelp meal supplement improved specific IgY production by immunization.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2016

Seasonal dynamics of kelp forest-forming algae, Ecklonia cava population formed following the large-scale disturbance by Typhoon 'Bolaven' in August 2012 were investigated in Jeju Island, Korea. Morphological characteristics, recruits density, mortality rate, total density and biomass were monitored bimonthly from June 2013 to June 2015. Total and longest blade lengths, and individual weight of E. cava showed distinct seasonal trends. Stipe length increased from winter to spring, but did not show increase or reduced from summer to autumn. This indicates that morphological characteristics of E. cava are mainly affected by the change of blades. The optimal temperature for E. cava growth was about $15-18^{\circ}C$ during winter to spring while the growths were inhibited at the water temperature above $20^{\circ}C$ during summer. E. cava exhibited very low recruitment during spring-summer. However, high recruitment was observed on April 2015 when canopy cover was very low due to low density. This indicates that recruitment of E. cava was controlled not by seasonal effects but by physical factors such as canopy and space. The mortality rate of juvenile plants was highest due to their unstable settlement. By June 2015, 34 months after the disturbances, E. cava was almost recovered to the pre-disturbance population size structure. These results suggest that recovery of kelp forest following the large-scale disturbance requires a considerable period of time (more than three years). This study should provide valuable ecological information on management, restoration and protection of kelp species.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.986-993
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the improvement effects of kelp extract on the damaged hair by manufacturing hair quality improving formulation adding kelp extract and applying that in the damaged hair. With respect to the study materials, the formulation was manufactured with different strengths of kelp extract including 0, 2, 4, and 6 grams, adding perm base material. The manufactured formulation was applied to the decolored sample hair of Level 8 and its effects were measured and compared before and after its application. Tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and gloss were measured as the tools to show the improvement effects of hair quality. To check the reliability of the results, statistical analysis was performed. Tensile strength showed to be increased in the Level 8 samples applied by the formulations containing 4- and 6-gram strength. Absorbance using methylene blue showed to be decreased in all the samples after the application, based on the absorbance results before and after the application. No difference was found in all the samples on the gloss. In conclusion, this study revealed that kelp extract could improve the damaged hair. Further studies are required to check the improvement effects on the damaged hair with multiple types of extracts and study methods.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.99.2-99
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

Field cultivation of corn and microbial cell viability tests using Pseudomonas putida K-5 were performed to assess the toxic effect of kelp seaweed biochar (KBC) and fir wood biochar (FBC) produced by pyrolysis. After 63 days growth, FBC increased corn growth by 4.9% without fertilizer and by 7.6% with fertilizer, while KBC decreased it by 20.2% without fertilizer and by 27.9% with fertilizer. Physico-chemical characterization of the biochars such as ICP, CHON, and proximate analyses showed that KBC contained large amount of metals and ashes which could be responsible for its inhibition to corn growth. Upon exposure of K-5 cells for 1 h to biochar extracts, the cell viability in KBC extracts was 48.2% and quite lower than that (78.6%) in FBC. Washed KBC biochar with water at 1:10 w/v % increased the cell viability to 54.0%. The results indicated that seaweed biochar may be careful to be used for plant growing additives due to its high concentrations of metals and ashes. This toxic effect could be reduced by proper washing method with water.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 2020

We evaluated the hatchability of fertilized eggs from six hybrid combinations of highly valued grouper species inhabiting temperate and warm waters, with the goal of establishing a novel hybrid with enhanced growth and viability during the culturing period in the temperate waters of Korea. Hybrid combinations with red-spotted grouper females exhibited high hatchability with high a fertilization and hatching rate of fertilized eggs and a low deformity rate of hatched larvae. Conversely, hybrid combinations with kelp grouper females had very low hatching rates and very high deformity rates; commercial production of seed from such crosses would be difficult without improving hatchability. The hatchabilities of convict grouper ♀×giant grouper ♂ and kelp grouper ♀×red-spotted grouper ♂ were lower than those of maternal purebreds, but these two hybrid combinations were expected to produce potentially large quantities of hatched larvae. In the above evaluation, promising hybrid combinations were identified for commercial production of seed. For these hybrids to contribute to the development of Korea's mariculture industry, mass production of fertilized eggs and seeds is necessary, along with the development of advanced rearing techniques, such as the identification of a suitable rearing temperature.

• ALGAE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

Choosing an appropriate sample unit is a fundamental decision in the design of ecological studies. While numer-ous methods have been developed to estimate organism abundance, they differ in cost, accuracy and precision.Using both field data and computer simulation modeling, we evaluated the costs and benefits associated with twomethods commonly used to sample benthic organisms in temperatc kelp forests. One of these methods, theTargeted Sampling method, relies on different sample units, each "targeted" for a specific species or group ofspecies while the other method relies on coefficients that represent ranges of bottom cover obtained from visual esti-mates within standardized sample units. Both the field data and the computer simulations suggest that both meth-ods yield remarkably similar estimates of organisnm abundance and among-site variability, although the Coefficientmethod slightly underestimates variability armong sample units when abundances are low. In contrast, the twomethods differ considerably in the effort needed to sample these communities; the Targeted Sampling requiresmore time and twice the persormel to complete. We conclude that the Coeffident Sampling metliod may be bettcrfor environmental monitoring programs where changes in mean abundance are of central conccm and resources arelimiting, but that the Targeted sampling methods may be better for ecological studies where quantitative reIation-ships among species and small-scale variability in abundance are of central concern.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.85-103
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• 2022

Korea is one of the most advanced countries in kelp aquaculture. The brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina japonica are major aquaculture species and have been principally utilized for human food and abalone feed in Korea. This review discusses the diversity, population structure and genomics of kelps. In addition, we have introduced new cultivar development efforts considering climate change, and potential carbon sequestration of kelp aquaculture in Korea. U. pinnatifida showed high diversity within the natural populations but reduced genetic diversity in cultivars. However, very few studies of S. japonica have been conducted in terms of population structure. Since studies on cultivar development began in early 2000s, five U. pinnatifida and one S. japonica varieties have been registered to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To meet the demands for seaweed biomass in various industries, more cultivars should be developed with specific traits to meet application demands. Additionally, cultivation technologies should be diversified, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and offshore aquaculture, to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. These kelps are anticipated to be important sources of blue carbon in Korea.