• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.177-193
• /
• 2003

Objective : The present studies investigated the effects of 120Hz high frequency electroacupunctue(EA) on the stress-induced stomach dysfunction in relation to its effect on the level of stress hormone and gastric mucosal damages. The gastric mucosal injury was induced by cold-restraint stress and two acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man were used. Methods: Cold-restraint stress produced typical gastric lesions in all rats of the stressed groups, but he number of ulcers as well as the mean ulcer diameter were reduced by 120 Hz EA pre-treatment. The cold-restraint stress also induced an increase in catecholamine response involving epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, but an slight decline were observed in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained rats. Results: The degranulation value of gastric mast cell was significantly higher in cold-restrained rats than in control ones. However, with the significant reduction of degranulation values of gastric mast cells in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained ones, $PGE_2$ content in the gastric mucosa of EA pre-treated rats was also different from that observed in cold-restrained rats. Cold-restraint stress induced an elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory gene such as cyclooxygenases-2 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, but these expression were down-regulated in EA pre-treated rats. Immunohistochemecal analysis showed that while the inhibitory-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ an TNF-${\alpha}$ immunoreaction in the surface epithelium of the stomach tended to increase, both reactions in the EA pre-treated rats showed similar pattern as observed in controls. Conclusions : These results suggest that 120 Hz EA may act as a therapeutical means for gastric mucosal damages through a activation of pituitary adrenal system. it could be concluded that 120 hz high frequency electroacupuncture affords a good protective potential against stress-induce gastrointestinal dysfunction.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2006

Purpose : Bony strength is dependent on bone mass and bony structure. So this study was designed to investigate the relationship between the bone mass and bony trabecular characteristics. Subjects and Methods : Study subjects were 51 females (average age 68.6 years) and 20 males (average age 66.4 years). Bone mineral density (BMD, $grams/cm^2$) of proximal femur was measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected from the digitized radiographs of proximal femur. A customized computer program processed morphologic operations (MO) of ROIs. 44 skeletal variables of MO were calculated from ROIs on the Ward's triangle and greater trochanter of femur. WHO BMD classes were predicted by MO variables of the same ROI. Classification and Regression Tree analysis was used for calculating weighted kappa values, sensitivity and specificity of MO. Results : The discriminating factors of morphologic operation were branch point, branch point [per cm sq]. Age also played important role in distinguishing osteoporotic classes. The sensitivity of MO at Ward's triangle and Greater Trochanter was 91.8%, 65.6%, respectively. The specificity of MO was 100% at Ward's triangle and Greater Trochanter. Conclusion : Bony trabecular characteristics obtained using radiological bone morphometric analysis seem to be related to bone mass.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2020

Objectives This study is carried out to investigate the effects of Lonicera japonica in wound-induced rats. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups; normal (Nor), control (Veh), positive comparison (PC), Lonicera japonica 100 mg/kg (LL), Lonicera japonica 200 mg/kg (LH), each n=8. Total polyphenol and flavonoid were quantified. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activation were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in serum. Antioxidant factors and inflammatory factors were measured in skin tissue, and also hydroxyproline content. Skin tissue was analyzed by Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results Total polyphenol and flavonoid were 32.86±0.14 mg/g and 67.17±0.57 mg/g. The IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activation were 26.69±1.50 ㎍/mL and 49.33±4.52 ㎍/mL. ROS was significantly lower in LL and LH groups. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly higher in LH group and higher in LL group but not significant. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), catalase, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were significantly higher in LL and LH groups. Nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), phosphorylated iκBα (p-iκBα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly lower in LL and LH groups. Hydroxyproline was significantly higher in LL and LH groups. The histopathologic analysis showed that skin tissue had recovered further more in LL and LH groups than in Veh group. Conclusions These results suggest that Lonicera japonica has the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing effects in wound-induced rats.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2009

1. Objectives This study was proposed to use the test-retest method to verify the independence and agreement between the questions (Short Form Sasang Classification Questionnaire for American ; SF_SSCQ-A). 2. Methods The questionnaire was administered to 50 American and they were asked to complete the questionnaire again two weeks after the first administration. The final subjects are 42 except of 5 dropouts and 3 insufficient respondents. A reliability analysis for each individual question was conducted using the test-retest method to verify the independence and agreement between the questions. To verify independence, a Chi-square test with crosstabs analysis and p-values was used. The agreement verification was conducted by using the Cohen kappa coefficient. In addition, the constitutional variable was defined as the constitutional attribute of each question, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was confirmed after testing the scale. 3. Results and Conclusions The test-retest method showed that Pearson's correlation coefficients for the results of the two tests ranged from 0.66 to 0.87. The Chi-square test results indicated that there are 7 independent item. Among the other 114 questions, the agreement test revealed that 88 questions (70.5%) showed above common agreement.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) for subjects aged 50yr and over and to evaluate the validity of this SQ-FFQ. Dietary intake was assessed using SQ-FFQ that included 98 commonly consumed flood items selected from the results of the Korean Health and Nutritional Survey, 1998. Subjects (n = 2,660) aged 50yr and over were recruited from 7 metropolitan cities and 8 small cities. Each subject was interviewed using this SQ-FFQ developed in our laboratory and 24hr-recall method. Excluding incomplete data, Data from 1,149 subjects were used in this validity study. The nutrient intakes assessed by this SQ-FFQ were validated by comparing with the results from 1 day 24-hour recalls. Pearson's correlation coefficients between two methods were 0.71, 0.64, 0.53, and 0.43 for energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively for all subjects. Spearman's correlation coefficients were higher than those of Pearson's correlation coefficients. Kappa values for energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 0.79, 0.72, 0.70, and 0.64, respectively. The percentage for misclassification of the lowest quartile into the highest quartile or vice versa was 1.25-1.39% for all nutrients. Therefore, this SQ-FFQ seems to be useful in assessing the nutritional status of the middle-aged and elderly subjects in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.231-234
• /
• 2010

Analysis of conjugated heat transfer has been conducted for the diffuser exposed to hot combustion gas to design the mechanical durability in high temperature. All the heat transfer means, conduction, convection and radiation have been considered to calculate the total heat flux from hot gas to diffuser surface. The calculation has been implemented by two kinds of methods. One thing is one dimensional method based on empirical equations. The other is CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) axisymmetric calculation containing ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ SST(Shear Stress Transport) turbulent model and DO(Discrete Ordinate) radiation model. The derived results of two methods have compared and showed similar values. From this result, the amount of cooling water and the dimension of water cooling channel were decided.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.941-948
• /
• 1996

The accuracy of rectal palpation and ultrasonography for predicting the presence of a functional corpus luteum in subestrous dairy cows was investigated, using the result of a radioimmunoassay for progesterone in plasma. Luteal status (high or low progesterone concentrations) was diagnosed in 820 cows, using rectal palpation and B-mode transrectal ultrasonography, and the results of rectal palpation and ultrasonography were compared in $2{\times}2$ contingency table with plasma progesterone concentrations. A $2{\times}2$ contingency table analysis allowed the calculation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for rectal palpation and ultrasonography. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test and predictive value of a negative test were 81.9%, 67.5%, 79.0% and 71.4% for rectal palpation, and 96.3%, 88.8%, 94.5% and 92.4% for ultrasonography, respectively. The percentages of observed agreement and expected agreement between rectal palpation and ultrasonography were 71.8% and 57.1%, respectively. An evaluation of agreement between rectal palpation and ultrasonography, the value of Kappa was 0.34. It was concluded that a ultrasonography was more sensitive and specific than rectal palpation in predicting the presence of a functional corpus luteum. Therefore, ultrasonographic examination is a reliable method for assessing the functional status of ovarian structures in subestrous dairy cows.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2014

Model gel food samples of yanggaeng (Y) were prepared for the elderly with various gelling agents, including agar (AG), low acyl gellan (GL), ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (CA), locust bean gum (LB), glucomannan (GM), and xanthan gum (XA) in different combinations as follows (in 1:1 ratio): LB+CA, GM+XA, and GM+CA. The quality characteristics of the different combinations were compared. The results revealed that water loss was highest for Y-GL, whereas there was no significant difference among the other samples. Y-GL showed the highest values for lightness in color, whereas Y-AG showed the lowest. Regarding textural properties, Y-LB+CA had the highest hardness value, whereas Y-GL had the lowest; the hardness of Y was related to the cross-section of the added gel. Finally, Y-GM+XA exhibited the highest score in overall acceptability in the sensory test by elderly, indicating that the preferable texture by elderly is slightly chewy, but not adhesive.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.511-520
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to determine the effects of various contents of kiwifruit contents on the quality characteristics of mixed polysaccharide gels made from $\kappa$-carrageenan and locust bean gum. The color value, gelling temperature, melting temperature, break down rate, syneresis, rupture properties, TPA properties and sensory properties of mixed polysaccharide gels with various contents of kiwifruit contents were measured. As the kiwifruit contents was increased, the lightness (L), yellowness (b) and greenness (-a) of the mixed polysaccharide gels increased. There were no differences in the color values of gels during storage. As the kiwifruit content was increased, the gelling and melting temperatures of the mixed polysaccharide gels also increased. The mixed polysaccharide gels with high kiwifruit contents were difficult to melt, and it seemed that the addition of kiwifruit to the mixed polysaccharide gels could improve the thennal stability of the gels. The syneresis of the gel increased with increasing storage time, whereas the addition of kiwifruit to the gel resulted in suppression of syneresis. With regard to the rupture properties, stress, energy and strain, they were all decreased with increasing kiwifruit contents. The TPA properties, adhesiveness, hardness and chewiness increased and cohesiveness decreased with increasing kiwifruit contents. The results showed that the gel became tough and adhesive, and could be easily broken under small deformation, with increasing kiwifruit contents. The sensory evaluation showed that the green color, aroma, sweetness and sourness increased with increasing kiwifruit contents. The texture, adhesiveness, springiness and cohesiveness decreased, and brittleness and hardness increased, with increasing kiwifruit contents. The overall acceptability of the gel with 30% kiwifruit content was the highest. Thus, mixed polysaccharide gels made from kiwifruits could be useful, as the addition of kiwifruit to a mixed polysaccharide gel results in a good aroma, taste and stability, despite a lowering of the textural properties.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity of a food frequency questionnaire for Korean adolescents (FFQ-A) which could be used in clinical and epidemiological studies of the lifestyle and health of young people. The FFQ-A was designed to reflect the eating pattern of Korean adolescents, and was based on the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey Reports. The FFQ-A had 25 (food categories. A total of 125 subjects (aged 13 to 15 years) was recruited from a randomly chosen middle school in a middle-income neighborhood in Anyang, South Korea. Each subject completed a FFQ-A, as well as a three-day dietary record. Data from 117 subjects (boys 47, girls 70) was used in the final analyses. Data on the nutrients was analyzed to estimate the Pearson correlations, Spearman rank-order correlations and agreement with categories. The validity of the FFQ-A was assessed relative to a three-day dietary record. The Pearson correlation coefficients for all the subjects were 0.94, 0.87, 0.77, 0.79, 0.49 and 0.68 for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, and iron, respectively. Similarly the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.85, 0.79, 0.81, 0.46, and 0.77 for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium and iron, respectively. The Kappa values for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, and iron were 0.88, 0.67, 0.63, 0.67, 0.26, and 0.59, respectively. The percentage for misclassification of the lowest quartile into the highest quartile or vice versa ranged from 0% (energy, carbohydrate, or fat) to 16.7% (Vitamin C). Therefore the FFQ-A has a reasonable ability to assess the energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes as estimated from a three-day dietary record of Korean adolescents. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 142∼159, 2003)