• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

The Z-DNA domain of human ADAR1 ($Z{\alpha}_{ADAR1}$) produces B-Z junction DNA through preferential binding to the CG-repeat segment and destabilizing the neighboring AT-rich region. However, this study could not answer the question of how many base-pairs in AT-rich region are destabilized by binding of $Z{\alpha}_{ADAR1}$. Thus, we have performed NMR experiments of $Z{\alpha}_{ADAR1}$ to the longer DNA duplex containing an 8-base-paired (8-bp) CG-repeat segment and a 12-bp AT-rich region. This study revealed that $Z{\alpha}_{ADAR1}$ preferentially binds to the CG-repeat segment rather than AT-rich region in a long DNA and then destabilizes at least 6 base-pairs in the neighboring AT-rich region for efficient B-Z transition of the CG-repeat segment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.293-296
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• 2013

The aneurysm arising from fenestrated proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is considered to be unique. The authors report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to a ruptured aneurysm originating from the fenestrated A1 segment of right ACA. The patient had another unruptured aneurysm which was located at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation. She was successfully treated with surgical clipping for both aneurysms. From the previously existing literatures, we found 18 more cases (1983-2011) of aneurysms associated with fenestrated A1 segment. All cases represented saccular type of aneurysms, and 79% of the patients had SAH. There were three subtypes of the fenestrated A1 aneurysms depending on the anatomical location, relative to the fenestrated segment. The most common type was the aneurysms located on the proximal end of fenestrated artery (82%). Azygos ACA and hypoplastic A1 were frequently accompanied by the aneurysm (33% and 31%, respectively), and multiple aneurysms were shown in three cases (16%). Considering that fenestrated A1 segment is likely to develop an aneurysm, which has high risk of rupture, early management may benefit patients with aneurysms accompanied by fenestrated proximal ACA.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2004

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Naegwan-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy(ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Naegwan acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction(迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in ECG. Results : In lead Ⅰ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead Ⅱ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval. In lead Ⅲ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of R wave duration, S wave amplitude, ST segment onset, ST segment midpoint, ST segment 80ms and ST segment endpoint. Conclusions : These results suggested that Naegwan acupuncture stimulation plays an important role to the activities of ECG.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of short segment fixation following postural reduction for the re-expansion and stabilization of unstable burst fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Methods : Twenty patients underwent short segment fixation following postural reduction using a soft roll at the involved vertebra in cases of severely collapsed vertebrae of more than half their original height. All patients had unstable burst fracture with canal compromise, but their motor power was intact. The surgical procedure included postural reduction for 2 days and bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixations at one level above, one level below and the fractured level itself. Imaging and clinical findings, including the level of the vertebra involved, vertebral height restoration, injected cement volume, local kyphosis, clinical outcome and complications were analyzed. Results : The mean follow-up period was 15 months. The mean pain score (visual analogue scale) prior to surgery was 8.1, which decreased to 2.8 at 7 days after surgery. The kyphotic angle improved significantly from $21.6{\pm}5.8^{\circ}$ before surgery to $5.2{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ after surgery. The fraction of the height of the vertebra increased from 35% and 40% to 70% in the anterior and middle portion. There were no signs of hardware pull-out, cement leakage into the spinal canal or aggravation of kyphotic deformities. Conclusion : In the management of unstable burst fracture in patients with severe osteoporosis, short segment pedicle screw fixation with bone cement augmentation following postural reduction can be used to reduce the total levels of pedicle screw fixation and to correct kyphotic deformities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

The external morphology of Frankliniella occidentalis was studied by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antenna was consisted of 8 segments and the length of antenna was 0.25mm. The 3rd segment and 4th segment were bent. The 5th segment and 6th segment had sensilla with $7{\mu}m$ long. The 8th segment had 8 sensilla. The mouthpart was protruded and distributed many sensilla on there. The leg had no claw.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-364
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematical analysis of T-stop motion by inline skate rolling speed. Six subjects were participated in the experiment(age: $35.0{\pm}3.3$ yrs, weight: $72.70{\pm}5.1\;kg$, height: $176.30{\pm}3.1\;cm$, career: $10.00{\pm}2.5$ yrs). The study method adopted 3-dimensional analysis and 2 cameras for filming to analyze the required displacement of center of mass, displacement of right and left hip joint, displacement of right and left knee joint, displacement of trunk tilt using by APAS. The results were as follows; In anterior-posterior displacement of COM, the faster rolling speed, the longer displacement at phase 2. In vertical displacement of COM, the faster rolling speed, the lower displacement. In medial-lateral displacement of COM, there was no significant on rolling speed. In angular displacement of right thigh segment, the faster rolling speed, the bigger displacement in X and Z axis. In angular displacement of left thigh segment, the faster rolling speed, the lower displacement in X axis. In angular displacement of right shank segment, the faster rolling speed, the bigger displacement in Z axis. In angular displacement of left shank segment, the faster rolling speed, the bigger displacement in X and Y axis. In angular displacement of trunk segment, the faster rolling speed, the bigger displacement in Z axis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful golf putting strokes. The study population included 8 male secondary school golf players who had played golf for over 3 years and whose handicap was 4 or lower. A hole was made on a 5-m-long artificial flat mat for practice, and an environment similar to that of a real green was created. The participants' motions were analyzed through 3D image analysis, and the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful putting strokes in the same direction was determined. Data analysis revealed the following findings: The time spent for a segment of putting was the greatest for the backswing segment for both successful and unsuccessful strokes. During address and impact, the both changed to a larger extent. For successful putting strokes, the change in the elbow angle during the downswing was greater for the right elbow than for the left elbow. For both successful and unsuccessful putting strokes, the left shoulder angle increased during the segment from address to the turning point and decreased during the segment from the turning point to impact. In contrast, the right shoulder angle significantly differed between successful and unsuccessful putting strokes only during address. During successful and unsuccessful motions, the swing was executed with the moving displacement of the X-axis of the club head maintained almost constant along a straight light without back and forth movement. In the backswing segment, moving displacement of the Y- and Z-axes was greater in successful strokes than in unsuccessful strokes; however, this difference was very small for the Y-axis. The velocity of the club head for successful and unsuccessful motions significantly differed during address and at the turning point. The highest velocity of the ball was greater for successful than for unsuccessful putting strokes.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2000

Oil-absorptive expanded polyurethane (EPU) was prepared with a lypophilic polyol, polypropyleneglycol (PPG) as the soft segment, and toluenediisocyanate (TDI) and $H_2O$ as the hard segment. PPGs haying various average molecular weights ((equation omitted) : 1000, 2000, 3000) were employed to investigate that the soft segment content was consequent on the oil-absorptivity and the mechanical properties of the EPUs. As (equation omitted) of PPG was decreased from 3000 to 1000, the oil-absorptivity and the tensile strength of the EPUs increased from 1460 to 3010% and from 0.26 to 0.55 $kg_{f}$ /$cm^2$ respectively. As the hard segment content ratio, ${\gamma}$ ([NCO]/[OH]) was increased from 1.0 to 1.2, the tensile strength of the EPUs increased from 0.56 to 0.95 $kg_{f}$ /$cm^2$, due to the formation of allophanate and/or biuret bondings. However, as the surfactant (S-A) content was increased from 1.0 to 2.5 pbw, the oil-absorptivity was decreased from 3634 to 3312%, due to the formation of closed cell structures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2003

Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy,along with Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy,is an popular surgical technique performed on mandibular prognathism. However Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy has been suspected for an initial mobilization at the healing phase of segment because it does not employ the rigid fixation between segments. To execute a study on the healing phase of segment after Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy on the horizontal plane, 102 patients (204 parts) who were diagnosed mandibular prognathism and took Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy at the Yonsei University dental hospital were observed during the period of before operation, immediately postoperation, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The change in the width of segment and horizontal angle of proximal segment and condylar head on the Submentovertex Cephalogram taken from those patients represented following results. 1. The width of proximal and distal segment decreased with the lapse of time. It decreased into 84.5% between immediate postoperative and 6M and even continued to decrease till 12M. 2. The horizontal angle of the proximal segment did medial rotation according as the lapse of time and rigorously continued till 3M. The rotation angle of condylar head indicated its tendency of recurrence to the original position but the entire recurrence was not allowed. The bigger an initial angle was, the higher was the tendency of recurrence after the operation while the rotation angle remained still bigger. 3. After grouping into group 1, group 2,and group 3 based on the extent of the variation of rotation angle of condylar head at immediate postoperative, the variation of rotation angle was measures in each group. The result presented that the initial rotation angle of condylar head had correlation with that of proximal segment but had no relation with the extent of setback of the mandible. However a quantitative analysis alone is not a sufficient method for analyzing the healing phase of segment on the horizontal plane.Therefore a multilateral analysis using 3 dimensional data such as CT is recommendable for the future study.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.742-751
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• 2005

This paper proposes a novel text image watermarking algorithm based on word classification. The words are classified into K classes using simple features. Several adjacent words are grouped into a segment. and the segments are also classified using the word class information. The same amount of information is inserted into each of the segment classes. The signal is encoded by modifying some inter-word spaces statistics of segment classes. Subjective comparisons with conventional word-shift algorithms are presented under several criteria.