• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.623-635
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• 2018

In order to study the mechanical behavior of shield tunnel segments during assembly stage, the in-situ tests and FDM numerical simulation were conducted based on the Foguan Shiziyang Tunnel with large cross-section. Analysis for the load state of the assembling segments in different assembly steps as well as the investigation for the changing of inner forces and longitudinal stress of segments with assembling steps were carried out in this paper. By comparing the tested results with the simulated results, the conclusions and suggestions could be drawn as follows: (1) It is the most significant for the effects on axial force and bending moment caused by the assembly of adjacent segment, followed by the insertion of key segment while the effects in the other assembly steps are relative smaller. With the increasing value of axial force, the negative bending moment turns into positive and remains increasing in most monitored sections, while the bending moment of segment B1and B6 are negative and keeping increasing; (2) The closer the monitored section to the adjacent segments or the key segment, the more significant the internal forces response, and the monitored effects of key segment insertion are more obvious than that of calculation; (3) The axial forces are all in compression during assembling and the monitored values are about 1.5~1.75 times larger than the calculated values, and the monitored values of bending moment are about 2 times the numerical calculation. The bending moment is more sensitive to the segments assembly process compared with axial force, and it will result in the large bending moment of segments during assembling when the construction parameters are not suitable or the assembly error is too large. However, the internal forces in assembly stage are less than those in normal service stage; (4) The distribution of longitudinal stress has strong influence on the changing of the internal forces. The segment side surface and intrados in the middle of two adjacent jacks are the crack-sensitive positions in the early assembly stage, and subsequently segment corners far away from the jacks become the crack-sensitive parts either.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.920-922
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• 2002

This paper investigates the cogging torque reduction in a brushless DC(BLDC) motor having an inner-rotor with surface-mounted segment-type permanent magnets. The kind of magnets for the BLDC motor could have different waveforms of magnetization such as square, trapezoidal and sinusoidal form. This paper discusses the effect of the unsymmetrical magnetization distribution in the segment-type permanent magnet, which is able to obtain through a segment structure that the number of poles per segments is 2 ($N_p/N_s$), on the cogging torque and EMF waveform. Where the existing magnetizer fixture for the square-type magnetization is used to magnetize the magnets in two segment structures of $N_p/N_s$ = 1 and 2. The effectiveness of the proposed designs had been confirmed by comparing cogging torque, and EMF waveform between conventional and new models which are analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM).

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.24-29
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a method to segment the bottle label in images taken by mobile phones using multi-gradient approaches. In order to segment the label region of interest-object, the saliency map method and Hough Transformation method are first applied to the original images to obtain the candidate region. The saliency map is used to detect the most salient area based on three kinds of features (color, orientation and illumination features). The Hough Transformation is a technique to isolated features of a particular shape within an image. Therefore, we utilize it to find the left and right border of the bottle. Next, we segment the label based on the gradient information obtained from the structure tensor method and edge method. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method is able to accurately segment the labels as the first step of product label recognition system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2009

Kole's Anterior segmental osteotomy of the mandible is commonly used to close an anterior open bite, to depress an elevated anterior dentoalveolar segment, or to retrude or advance a dentoalveolar segment. The procedure is often combined with an anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy to correct bimaxillary protrusion. We report 53-year-old woman who the extruded state of mandibular anterior alveolar segment was corrected using an mandibular anterior alveolar segmental osteotomy and dental implantation of the anterior maxilla. We planned to remove the old prosthesis, and then perform an anterior mandibular segmental osteotomy and implant restoration of the anterior maxilla. We suggest that anterior segmental osteotomy is very useful for rehabilitating edentulous patients with malaligned alveolar segment.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.283-287
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• 2011

Science and Technology Satellite-3 (STSAT-3) is a 150 kg class micro satellite based with the national space program. The STSAT-3 system consists of a space segment, ground segment, launch service segment, and various external interfaces including additional ground stations to support launch and early operation phases. The major ground segment is the ground station at the Satellite Technology Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology site. The ground station provides the capability to monitor and control STSAT-3, conduct STSAT-3 mission planning, and receive, process, and distribute STSAT-3 payload data to satisfy the overall missions of STSAT-3. The ground station consists of the mission control element and the data receiving element. This ground station is designed with the concept of low cost and high efficiency. In this paper, the requirements and design of the ground station that has been developed are examined.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

We investigated space-time patterns of Quaternary fault activity of the Yangsan fault zone using ESR ages in the Samnam-myeon region, Ulsan, Korea. Some of fault gouge zones consist of well-defined bands which added to the older gouge band, indicative of reactivation. During addition of new bands, the older gouge band was inactive, which represents the type I faulting mode. ESR analyses of each band of the gouge zone allow us to construct history of fault movement. The entire fault gouge zones were reactivated by type III faulting mode giving us ESR ages of the lastest reactivation. ESR dates show temporal clustering into active and inactive periods analogous to historic and paleoseismic fault activities. ESR ages and dates of fault movements indicate migration of fault activities along the Yangsan Fault Zone. Segments of the Quaternary faults in the study area are branched in the south of Sangcheon site. The earliest record of activity in segmented faults is recorded from the western segment to the northern segment. Before 750~850 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the western segment to the northern segment were active. At 750~850 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the eastern segment to the northern segment were active. During 630~660 ka and 480~540 ka only the northern segment was active. After 340 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the western segment to the northern segment were active again.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.755-762
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to describe the detailed surgical technique and short-term clinical and radiological outcomes of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and in situ lateral screw fixation using a conventional minimally invasive screw fixation system (MISF) for revision surgery to treat rostral lumbar adjacent segment disease. Methods : The medical and radiological records were retrospectively reviewed. The surgery was indicated in 10 consecutive patients with rostral adjacent segment stenosis and instability. After the insertion of the interbody cage, lateral screws were inserted into the cranial and caudal vertebra using the MISF through the same LLIF trajectory. The radiological and clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results : The median follow-up period was 13 months (range, 3-48 months). Transient sensory changes in the left anterior thigh occurred in 3 patients, and 1 patient experienced subjective weakness; however, these symptoms normalized within 1 week. Back and leg pain were significantly improved (p<0.05). In the radiological analysis, both the segmental angle at the operated segment and anterior disc height were significantly increased. At 6 months postoperatively, solid bony fusion was confirmed in 7 patients. Subsidence and mechanical failure did not occur in any patients. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that LLIF and in situ lateral screw fixation may be an alternative surgical option for rostral lumbar adjacent segment disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.608-621
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• 1993

The Purposes of this study were 1)to find the body surface total line and segment line significantly(${\alpha}$=0.05) changed by the leg movement including all movement direction of hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint for the more functional clothing. 2)to classify them into 3 types-expansion type, contraction type, expansion & contraction type, and 3)to identify the characteristics of the body surface length changes. 10 Crosswise and 5 lengthwise body surface total lines and 48 crosswise & 39 lengthwise body surface segment lines of 26 female college students aged from 18 to 24 years were measured directly on the body surface and were analyzed by ANOVA & Multiple Comparison Test (Tukey). The results were as following : Body surface total lines significantly changed were all the body surface total lines except abdoman girth, 1/2thigh girth of lower leg and ankle girth, and these were classified into 3 types : Center front leg line belonged to expansion & contraction type, whereas lateral leg line, legscye girth, and total crotch length belonged to contraction type. The rest belonged to expansion type. Knee girth showed maximum expansion, whereas center front leg line showed maximum contraction. Body surface total lines have shown large expansion crosswise whereas lengthwise they have mainly shown contraction. At least more than one component segment line of each body surface total lines except abdoman girth and ankle girth have shown significant change. Top segment of inner leg line showed maximum expansion. whereas just below top segment of center front leg line showed maximum contraction. Crosswise all the body surface segment lines have shown expansion except inner back segments of thigh girth and 1/2thigh girth of upper leg which have shown contraction. Lengthwise they have shown both expansion and contraction according to the location of front or back, and below or upper 1/2thigh girth line except the component segment lines of lateral leg line, which has shown contraction only.(cf. figure 2. figure 3. and table 2-2).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.378-389
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• 1993

The release of steroids such as progesterone, testosterone, estrone and estradiol were investigated in two types of block copolymer matrices, which were AB type block copolymer composed of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)[PBLG] as the A segment and polyoxypropylene[POP] as the B segment and ABA type triblock copolymer composed of the A segment and poly(propylene glycol)[PPG] as the B segment. The release rates of progesterone, estradiol and testosterone through PBLG-POP1 and PBLG-POP2 matrices and those of progesterone, estrone and testosterone through GPG1 of ABA type triblock copolymer were higher in an acidic solution than in a basic one. However, the release rate of estrone through PBLG-POP1 and PBLG-POP2 matrices and that of estradiol through GPG1 of ABA type triblock copolymer were higher in a basic and neutral solutions than in an acidic one. The order of release rate in three different matrices was GPG1 > PBLG-POP1 > PBLG-POP2. The results also showed that the molecular weight of steroids is inversely proportional to the rate of release.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1836-1842
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• 2015

On road networks, the clustering of moving objects is important for traffic monitoring and routes recommendation. The existing schemes find out density route by considering the number of vehicles in a road segment. Since they don’t consider the features of each road segment such as width, length, and directions in a road network, the results are not correct in some real road networks. To overcome such problems, we propose a clustering method for congested routes discovering from the trajectories of moving objects on road networks. The proposed scheme can be divided into three steps. First, it divides each road network into segments with different width, length, and directions. Second, the congested road segments are detected through analyzing the trajectories of moving objects on the road network. The saturation degree of each road segment and the average moving speed of vehicles in a road segment are computed to detect the congested road segments. Finally, we compute the final congested routes by using a clustering scheme. The experimental results showed that the proposed scheme can efficiently discover the congested routes in different directions of the roads.