• 제목/요약/키워드: k-class index.

검색결과 432건 처리시간 0.025초

Comparison of Treatment Outcome Assessment for Class I Malocclusion Patients: Peer Assessment Rating versus American Board of Orthodontics-Objective Grading System

  • Hong, Mihee;Kook, Yoon-Ah;Baek, Seung-Hak;Kim, Myeng-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Dental Science
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.6-15
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the degree of coincidence between the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS) in the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes of Class I malocclusion cases. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 26 Class I patients. The PAR index was used for evaluation of pre-(T0) and posttreatment (T1) casts, and the ABO-OGS for assessment of T1 casts. If there was a reduction in PAR scores from T0 to T1 of more than 30%, the label 'PAR+' was given to the case, and if not, it was labeled 'PAR-'. If the ABO-OGS was less than 27, the label 'OGS+' was given to the case and if not, it was labeled 'OGS-'. 'A PAR-only qualified group' (PAR+), 'ABO-OGS-only qualified group' (OGS+), 'both indices qualified group' (PAR+/OGS+), and 'both indices disqualified group' (PAR-/OGS-) were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, sensitivity/specifi city test and Spearman's correlation test. Result: PAR scores for T0, T1, and percentage reduction were 21.1, 6.4, and 65.9%, respectively, and 35.4 for ABOOGS. The distribution of the 'PAR+/OGS+', 'PAR+', and 'PAR-/OGS-' group was 19.3%, 76.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. The T0-PAR, T1-PAR and PAR point reductions for the 'PAR+' group were significantly higher than those of 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (23.1 vs. 15.6; 6.7 vs. 4.6; and 16.5 vs. 11.0; all P<0.05). However, the PAR-percentage reduction and treatment duration between the two groups were not statistically different (70.0% vs. 67.0%, P=0.4325; 24.1 months vs. 25.0 months, P=0.4057). The T1-ABO-OGS score for 'PAR+' group was significantly higher than that of the 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (38.2 vs. 24.0, P<0.001). Conclusion: Since the fraction of the 'PAR+/OGS+' group was less than 20% and there was no significant correlation between PAR-percentage reduction and T1-ABO-OGS, development of a new index system for the accurate evaluation of treatment outcome is needed.

ON A GENERAL CLASS OF OPTIMAL FOURTH-ORDER MULTIPLE-ROOT FINDERS

  • Kim, Young Ik
    • 충청수학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.657-669
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    • 2013
  • A general class of two-point optimal fourth-order methods is proposed for locating multiple roots of a nonlinear equation. We investigate convergence analysis and computational properties for the family. Special and simple cases are considered for real-life applications. Numerical experiments strongly verify the convergence behavior and the developed theory.

BINARY RANDOM POWER APPROACH TO MODELING ASYMMETRIC CONDITIONAL HETEROSCEDASTICITY

  • KIM S.;HWANG S.Y.
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 2005
  • A class of asymmetric ARCH processes is proposed via binary random power transformations. This class accommodates traditional nonlinear models such as threshold ARCH (Rabemanjara and Zacoian (1993)) and Box-Cox type ARCH models(Higgins and Bera (1992)). Stationarity condition of the model is addressed. Iterative least squares(ILS) and pseudo maximum like-lihood(PML) methods are discussed for estimating parameters and related algorithms are presented. Illustrative analysis for Korea Stock Prices Index (KOSPI) data is conducted.

사회계층에 따른 주거특성 및 아파트 선택에 관한 연구 (A Study of the Housing Characteristics and Apartment Choice as a Social Class)

  • 하정순
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.443-454
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    • 2007
  • Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

악교정 수술을 받은 골격성 III급 부정교합 환자의 악관절 상태에 관한 연구 (The Evaluation of TMJ Status after Orthognathic Surgery for Skeletal Class III Malocclusion)

  • 손우성;정충보;김종렬
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.289-300
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    • 2006
  • This study was performed to investigate the influence of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular dysfunction in skeletal class III malocclusion. The temporomandibular joint status in 22 patients(mean age: 23.7 years) who received orthognathic surgery such as mandibular BSSRO(14 patients), maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy with mandibular BSSRO(8 patients) was evaluated by craniomandibular index. All these patients received orthognathic surgery at least 6 months ago. The mean score and standard deviation was obtained and compared with that of 22 normal individuals(mean age: 24.8years) by Student's t-test. In mandibular movement, the score of orthognathic surgery group was higher than that of the normal group. All the items except mandibular movement did not show any differences between the two groups.

Molecular Connectivity 법에 의한 탄화수소들의 $\pi$-결합에너지에 관한 이론적 연구 (제 1 보) (The Theoretical Studies for the $\pi$-Binding Energy of Hydrocarbons Using the Molecular Connectivity (I))

  • 김의락;은종국;이명재;김상해
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.143-152
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    • 1987
  • 불포화고리 아닌 화합물(unsaturated acyclic hyrocarbons)과 불포화고리 화합물(unsaturated acyclic hyrocarbons) 153가지에 대한 $\pi$-결합에너지를 Huckel 분자궤도 함수론적으로 계산한 $E_{\pi}$값과 Kier의 molecular connectivity index, $\chi$와 비교하여 계산한 값 사이의 관계가 대단히 잘 일치함을 알 수 있고, Molecular Connectivity Index 중 일차 valence connectivity index, $^1{\chi}^v$$E_{\pi}$와 좋은 상관관계가 있다.

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사회경제적 양극화와 도시 내 계층별 거주지 분리 (Socio-economic Polarization and Intra-urban Residential Segregation by Class)

  • 정수열
    • 한국경제지리학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2015
  • 세계화와 산업구조조정으로 사회경제적 양극화가 진행됨에 따라 계층 간 거주지 분리가 심화될 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구는 한국사회에서 1990년대 말 경제위기로 사회경제적 양극화가 급진전했음을 주목하고 이가 도시 내 거주지 분리에 미친 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 서울시를 사례로 2000년대를 걸쳐 일어난 계층별 거주지 분리의 변화를 분석하였다. 계층은 교육수준으로 정의되었으며 자료는 동별로 통계청 마이크로데이터서비스시스템(MDSS)을 통해 추출하였다. 거주지 분리의 주요 지리적 양태별로 개별 도시에서 시계열적 변화를 가늠하는 전역적 측도와 도시 내 공간적 변이를 보여주는 국지적 측도를 활용하였다. 구체적으로 집중-균등을 측정하기 위해 전역적 지표로 상이지수를 그리고 국지적 지표로 입지계수를 활용하였으며 군집-노출을 측정하기 위해 전역적 지표로는 상호작용지수와 노출지수를 국지적 지표로는 로컬 Moran's I를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 사례지역에서 계층별 거주지 분화가 심화되었으며 도시내에서 뚜렷한 공간적 패턴을 보이고 있으며 계층 간 거주 패턴은 상호 연관되어 있음이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 국내 수위 도시에서 경제 위기 이후 거주지 분리의 최근 변화상을 보다 체계적인 방법으로 파악하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.

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Helicobacter pylori 감염과 사회경제적 요인에 대한 연구 (Relation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Socioeconomic Status in Korean Adolescents)

  • 정민경;권영세;최현;최연호;홍윤철
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2000
  • 목 적: 우리 나라 청소년기 소아의 H. pylori 감염 유병율을 조사하고, 사회경제적 요인이 청소년의 H. pylori 감염에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 10월 부천시에 살고 있는 10~15세의 532명(남아 285명, 여아 247명)의 소아를 대상으로 채혈을 시행하여 혈청학적인 방법(serum IgG antibody)으로 H. pylori 감염을 진단하였다. 설문지를 통하여 성별, 연령, Hollingshead index에 따라 분류한 사회경제적 수준, 주거형태(전세 또는 자가), 혼잡지수(crowding index)를 조사하였는데, 532명 중 375명(70.5%, 남:여=205:170)의 설문이 회수되었다. Hollingshead index는 부모의 교육정도와 직업을 고려하여 구분하였고 crowding index는 식구수/방수로 구하였다. 각각 단변수 회귀분석 후 의미있는 결과를 모아 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결 과: H. pylori 유병률은 남아에서 17.1% (32/205), 여아에서 16.5% (28/170)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.88). 10~11세, 12~13세, 14~15세의 세 연령군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 연령이 증가할수록 H. pylori 유병률은 각각 10.3% (7/68), 15.9% (25/157), 20.7% (31/150)로 유의한 증가를 보였다(P=0.05). 사회경제적 수준을 Hollingshead index로 구하여 세 군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 사회경제적 수준이 높을수록 H. pylori 양성은 각각 20.0% (23/115), 16.0% (39/244), 6.3% (1/16)로 감소하는 역비례 관계를 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었다(P=0.16). 전세와 자가를 비교했을 때 H. pylori 양성은 각각 15.7% (22/140), 17.5% (41/235)로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.66). 혼잡지수(crowding index: 식구수/방수)가 1.5 미만일 때 H. pylori 양성은 16.0% (26/163), 1.5 이상일 때 17.5% (37/212)로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.70). 다중회귀분석 결과 H. pylori 감염에 대해 연령은 odds ratio 2.2 (95% confidence interval 0.9~5.4), Hollingshead index에 의한 사회경제적 수준은 odds ratio 3.6 (95% confidence interval 0.5~28.9)이었다. 결 론: 부천시 청소년기 소아의 H. pylori 감염유병률은 16.8%이며, 부모의 교육정도와 직업에 따른 사회경제적 수준이 가족내 혼잡도, 주거형태보다 감염에 더욱 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

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CIRCULAR UNITS IN A BICYCLIC FUNCTION FIELD

  • Ahn, Jaehyun;Jung, Hwanyup
    • 충청수학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2008
  • For a real subextension of some cyclotomic function field with a non-cyclic Galois group order $l^2$, l being a prime different from the characteristic of function field, we compute the index of the Sinnott group of circular units.

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