• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2013

When a patient with a fractured anterior tooth visits the clinic, clinician has to restore the tooth esthetically and quickly. For esthetic resin restoration, clinician can use 'Natural Layering technique' and an index for palatal wall may be needed. In this case report, we introduce pre-restoration index technique on a Class IV defect, in which a temporary filling material is used for easy restoration. Chair-side index fabrication for Class IV restoration is convenient and makes a single-visit treatment possible.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to report the effect of acupotomy for patients with congestive heart failure. Methods: We treated 1 patient who has dyspnea due to congestive heart failure with acupotomy. To check the effect and satisfaction of acupotomy we used New York Heart Association class(NYHA class), Modified Borg Scalw Dyspnea Index(Borg Index), Baseline Dyspnea Index(BDI), Five-point Likert scale. Results : After 1 month of treatment, the patient felt much better in breathing, and had better score in NYHA class, Borg Index, BDI. Conclusions : This report demonstrates that acupotomy therapy has useful effect on congestive heart failure, but the more cases and researches are needed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_3
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• pp.1285-1298
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• 2019

Drought is one of the factors that can cause wildfires. Drought is related to not only the occurrence of wildfires but also their frequency, extent and severity. In South Korea, most wildfires occur in dry seasons (i.e. spring and autumn), which are highly correlated to drought events. In this study, we examined the relationship between wildfire occurrence and drought factors, and developed satellite-based new drought indices for assessing wildfire risk over South Korea. Drought factors used in this study were high-resolution downscaled soil moisture, Normalized Different Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Multi-band Drought Index (NMDI), Normalized Different Drought Index (NDDI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). Drought indices were then proposed through weighted linear combination and one-class support vector machine (One-class SVM) using the drought factors. We found that most drought factors, in particular, soil moisture, NDWI, and PCI were linked well to wildfire occurrence. The validation results using wildfire cases in 2018 showed that all five linear combinations produced consistently good performance (> 88% in occurrence match). In particular, the combination of soil moisture and NDWI, and the combination of soil moisture, NDWI, and precipitation were found to be appropriate for representing wildfire risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.59-80
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• 2010

This research This research aims at developing systemic evaluation model in terms of biotope preservation through reports, literatures, and expert survey analysis by implementing biotope structure analysis in area level with selecting Hyunpoong and Yuga-myeon, Dalseong county, Daegu metropolitan city as a site. First of all, as a result of biotope type classification of research site, biotope type groups are classified into total 13, and its biotope types are divided into total 61. Also, as a result of literature analysis, total 18 items are drawn such as diversity of biotope typical species as a index item to assess the preservation value of biotope, and the first evaluation index are divided into 10 and the second ones are divided into 8 according to characteristic of index items. As a result of expert survey analysis, All 10 index items, first evaluation index, show high importance average (above 4.7). As a result of implementation of main cause for categorizing evaluation index by characteristic, there are 3 factors such as 'obstructive factor.' Based on above survey analysis result, as a result of estimating the weight of each item, 'restoration factor' showed the highest, 3.4541, but 'factor of habitat stability' showed 3.1468, which is the lowest The systemic value evaluation was set by comprehensively analyzing these results. As a result of biotope preservation value evaluation through applying research site, total 19 types which are abundant in vegetation are classified into I class, 12 types in II class, 5 types in III class, 10 types in IV class, and 15 types in V class respectively. Lastly, as a result of second evaluation, it is analyzed that there are 17 special meaningful space to preserve species and biotope(1a, 1b) and 61 meaningful space to preserve species (2a, 2b, 2c).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.703-718
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of guided tissue regeneration(GTR) technique using chitosan nanofiber membrane and to compare it to the clinical efficacy following GTR using PLA/PLGA(copolymer of polvlactic acid and polylacticglycolic acid) membrane in mandibular class II furcation defects in human. The chitosan nanofiber membranes were applied to the mandibular class II furcation defects of 13 patients(test group) and PLA/PLGA membranes were applied to those of 11 patients(control group). Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, plaque index and gingival index were measured at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. Vertical and horizontal furcation defect depth were measured at surgery. Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney Test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival index were significantly reduced at 3 months postoperatively compared to values of baseline in both groups(p<0.05). 2. Gingival recession and plaque index were not significantly decreased at 3 months postoperatively compared to values of baseline in both groups. 3. No significant difference between two groups could be detected with regard to changes of probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index at 3 months postoperatively. In conclusion, chitosan nanofiber membrane is effective in the treatment of human mandibular class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1389-1398
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• 2005

The purposes of this study are to verify the sales promotion effect of bargain sale of department store, and to investigate the relationship between the effect of bargain sale and the consumer attitude toward economics. For those purposes, secondary data was collected. The data was composed of monthly sales data of women's casual wear, men's suit, inner wear, infant's wear, and golf wear in a department store from 1996 to 2003. The data on consumer attitude toward economics was collected from 'Consumer Attitude Index' issued by SERI. The results are as follows. First, there were differences in the sales promotion effects of bargain sale by merchandise class and by year. Men's suit was the class that the effect was highest, and inner wear was the class the effect was lowest. In addition, the effects were simultaneously lowered by year. Second, sales promotion effect of bargain sale had relationship with consumer attitude index. The yearly transitions of the two data were almost similar. This means that as the consumer attitude becomes pessimistic, the motivation to consume also becomes lower, so that sales promotion effect of bargain sale also decreases. In addition, women's wear and men's suit showed the most similar transition patterns with the consumer attitude index.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.25-38
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• 2005

Oriented 2-factorable graphs are reduced to bouquets by permutation voltage assignment in this paper. Introducing the concept of k-class index of a permutation group, various oriented 2-factorable graphs are enumerated in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish reliability and validity and to identify the conversion index. Method: The WMSCN for ICU was revised from Workload Management System for Nurses(WMSN) of Walter Reed Army Hospital. Reliability of the WMSCN was evaluated interrater reliability between head nurses and staff nurses at 124 patients in April 2008. Validity through the correlation between direct nursing care hours and WMSCN score was conducted at 20 ICUs of 10 hospitals. Finally the conversion index was identified by total nursing hours and it divided by WMSCN score. Results: The scores by nurses were highly correlated with head nurses’(p=.967), and also scores of the WMSCN were highly correlated with the direct nursing care hours(p<.001). The distribution of patient classification ranks into class V(61.3%), class IV(24.2%) and class VI(11.3%). The scores of the WMSCN were no differences between MICU and SICU. Finally, the conversion index was 8.2 minutes. Conclusion: WMSCN is available to classify the nursing workload for critical care patients. The repeated evaluation of validity and reliability are requisite to use WMSCN effectively. And the conversion index should be adjusted to estimate the appropriate staffing in Korea.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

In this paper, we address a layout design problem for determining an optimal 4-class-based dedicated linear storage layout in a class of unit load storage systems. Assuming that space requirement for a class is the sum of the maximum inventory levels of products assigned to the class, and that one-way travel time is a linear function of storage index, we formulate a 4-class-based dedicated linear storage problem PTL[4] and provide an exact splitting algorithm with $O(n{\lceil}logn{\rceil})$. Our algorithms could be applied to more than a 4-class-based dedicated storage layout problem with slight modification in order to reduce computational execution time.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.203-217
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• 1998

Sella turcica contains pituitary gland that has influence on craniofacial growth. So, if the volume of sella turcica correlate to the function of Pituitary gland, we can assume that the volume of sella turcica in skeletal Class III patients has some difference to that of normal occlusion group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of shape and volume of sella turcica between normal occlusion group and Class III patients. The shape of sella turcica was Classified by Inaba method and the volume of sella turcica was measured in lateral and P-A cephalograms by Di Chiro method. To find out the possibility of the volume of sella turcica as diagnostic aid to predict Class III growth pattern, the correlation coefficients between the volume of sella and cephalometric variables were calculated. The results were as follows. 1. The volume of sella turcica in Class III patients is larger than that of normal occlusion groups 2. The volume of sella turcica in female was larger than that of male in Class III patients 3. The volume of sella turcica has close correlation with APDI, ANB, SNA, SNB, ODI, gonial angle, post. cranial base length 4. Sella Index (volume of sella / ant. cranial base length) can be a more accurate indicator that represent Class III growth pattern than volume of sella itself. 5. The morphologic pattern of sella turcica had no significant difference between two groups.