• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1992

The biosorptlon perFormances of copper were Investigated by the immobilized biomass of nonliving marine brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by each of the Ca-alginate method(Ca-ALG), Ba-alginate method(Ba-ALG), polyethylene glycol method(PEG), and carrageenan method (CARR). The copper removal performance increased but the copper uptake decreased as the biomass amount was increased. However, the copper uptake by the immobilized biomass increased with increasing initial copper concentration. Among the immobilization methods, the copper uptake decreased in the following sequence: Ca-ALG > Ba-ALG > PEG > CARR. The pattern of copper uptake by the immobilized biomass fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. Desorption of deposited copper with 0.05 ~0.5M HCI, resulted in no changes of the copper uptake capacity of the immobilized biomass by the immobilization methods except for PEG, through five subsequent biosorptioydesorption cycles. There was no damage to the immobilized biomass which retained its macroscopic appearance in repeated copper uptake/elution cycles.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Similar to other species of Gigartinaceae Chondrus crispus has an alternation of perennial, isomorphic gametophytic and sporophytic generations. As these two generations co-exist independently within populations and obtain their resources in a similar manner, intraspecific competition is expected. In populations within the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, fronds of both generations of C. crispus occur in similar numbers. This equivalency can be related to substratum instability, where the population is dynamic with a high turn-over rate of genets. These observations support a stochastic hypothesis to account for distribution of gametophytes and sporophytes in this area. Along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, where the substratum is stable, gametophytes are overwhelmingly predominant. Gametophytic predominance is greatest in the lower littoral zone where C. crispus is abundant and space is limited. Under the fucoid canopy where "free-space" exists, the gametophyte to sporophyte ratio is lower. Gametophytic and sporophytic fronds are distributed equally among different size-classes and size-distribution is not considered a competitive factor. Previous studies have shown that sporophytic fronds of C. crispus are more susceptible to infections by endophytic algae and other pathogens, and are more heavily grazed by herbivores than are gametophytic fronds. Thus, mechanistic factors are strongly implied in the selection of gametophytes in the Atlantic population.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

The pharmacological activities of the acetonitrile (MeCN), hexane extracts and isolated pure terpenoidal compound Lupeol from the leaves of Teclea nobilis, Delile (TN), on inflammation induced by carrageenan an implantation of cotton pellets in rats; the nociceptive response using writhing and tail flick tests and the antipyretic activity in yeast-induced fever were examined in mice. Oral administration of TN extracts at doses of 150 and 300 mg/ks and lupeol 5 and 10 mg/kg showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity in rats. The extracts of TN and lupeol significantly decreased the number of contractions and stretchings induced by acetic acid and heat-induced pain in mice. The antipyretic effect of extracts and lupeol was also found to be significant. The behavioral observation of animals showed that the hexane extract and lupeol caused CNS depressant activity and did not produce any toxic or lethal effects in animals at various dose levels. The results suggest that the Teclea nobilis extracts and lupeol possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.

• ALGAE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

Grateloupia filicina (J.V. Lamouroux) C. Agardh (Halymeniaceae, Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyta) is an edible seaweed as well as an important source of carrageenan. In the present study, attempt has been made to develop a suitable protocol for effective regeneration of the seaweed and the rapid multiplication of the desired varieties. The young upright thallus of G. filicina was grown in axenic culture using both solid and liquid media. The various media tested were f/2, Provasoli’s Enriched Seawater (PES) and Enriched Seawater (ESW). The effect of glycerol (as a carbon source) and various plant growth regulators i.e. auxin (NAA) and cytokinins (Kinetin and BA) were tested. Although, regeneration of young thalli was observed from the cut ends in all the media, better growth was found in f/2, PES, f/2 (0.5% Glycerol), f/2 (NAA ${10^{-5}}_M)\;and\;f/2\;(BA\;{10^{-6}}_M$). On the other hand callusing was observed only in solid media supplemented with low concentration of Glycerol (0.5%) in f/2, NAA ${10^{-5}}_M\;in\;f/2,\;PES\;and\;BA\;{10^{-5}}_M$ in f/2. Young thalli were developed from the callus sub culture after 40 days of inoculation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

Some pharmacological activities of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica were evaluated using its methanol extract (UDE). An acute anti-inflammatory activity of UDE was assessed using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. UDE exhibited an antioxidant activity when assayed by a stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activity of UDE was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. UDE was able to diminish the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. UDE also suppressed production of nitric oxide and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the stimulated macrophages cells. collectively, the results imply that U. davidiana var. japonica has antioxidant and anti-nociceptive activities in addition to anti-inflammatory activity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.886-895
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• 2010

The level of fat and salt can affect the product quality and storage stability of processed meats. Additionally, consumers' demands require dietary guidelines for developing low-fat/salt functional foods. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), which enhances textural properties by catalyzing protein-protein cross-linkages, was introduced to develop healthier lowfat/salt meat products. The potential possibilities of low-fat/salt processed meats were reviewed under optimal conditions for functional ingredients from several previous studies. The addition of non-meat protein (e.g. sodium caseinate and soy protein isolates), hydrocolloids (e. g. konjac flour, carrageenan, and alginates), and MTGase alone or in combination with other functional ingredients improved textural and sensory properties similar to those of regularly processed meats. When MTGase was combined with hydrocolloids (konjac flour or sodium alginate) or other functional ingredients, gelling properties of meat protein were improved even at a low salt level. Based on these reviews, functional ingredients combined with new processing technologies could be incorporated into processed meats to improve the functionality of various low-fat/salt meat products.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2009

This study was performed to develop low-fat/reduced-salt sausages (LFRSS; <3% fat and <1.5% salt) containing milk protein (whey protein concentrate, WPC, or sodium caseinate, SC) that showed the similar cooking yield and textural characteristics to those of regular-fat/salt sausage control (RFC; 20% fat and 1.5% salt) or low-fat sausage control (LFC; <3% fat and 1.5% salt). Low-fat sausages (LFS) were formulated with a 2.5% fat replacer (konjac flour:carrageenan:soy protein isolate=1:1:3) and various salt levels (0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5%). LFS had differences in color and expressible moisture (EM, %) values as compared to those of RFC. A minimum salt level of 1% and addition of nonmeat proteins were required to manufacture LFRSS that have similar characteristics to those of RFC. However, LFS with 2% milk proteins reduced the hardness and gumminess as compared to LFC. These results indicated that 1% milk protein in combined with 1% salt was a proper level for manufacturing of LFRSS.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.25.1-25.5
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• 2017

An economic marine alga, which is considered to be an important source of carrageenan, was collected from Jindo of the southern coast of Korea. This species shares the vegetative and female reproductive features of Ahnfeltiopsis and is characterized mostly by its small size (up to 8 cm), terete to subterete thalli at the lower portion, cartilaginous in texture, dichotomous branches, rarely produced proliferations, and an absence of hypha-like filaments in the medulla. It is distinguished from other Korean species within the genus by the thallus feature. In a phylogenetic tree based on the molecular data, this alga nests in the same clade with A. concinna from Japan but forms a sister clade to A. concinna from Mexico and Hawaii (type locality). However, the genetic distance among those sequences was calculated as 0.1-1.3% for rbcL and 1.1% for COI sequences, considered to be intraspecific variation within the genus. Based on the morphology and molecular analysis, this alga is identified as A. concinna originally described from Hawaii. This is the first record of the species in the Korean marine algal flora.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.485-493
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to elucidate the potential of, chloroform extract of Pandanus (P.) fascicularis Lamk (Family-Pandanaceae) leaves on antinociceptive, behavioral study and anti-inflammatory effects using various animal models The dried, powdered leaves of, P. fascicularis were extracted successively with petroleum ether ($60\;-\;80^{\circ}C$) and chloroform in soxhlet apparatus. The chloroform extract (yield 21.6% w/w with respected to dry powdered plant material) was selected for all experimental procedure. Two models were employed to investigate the effects on nociception, the tail immersion and hot plate method in Swiss albino mice and anti inflammatory effect were investigated by employing the carrageenan induced rat paw edema test in. adult Wister albino rats. Behavioral study was investigated by elevated plus maze method in Swiss albino mice. Results were revealed that the PFCE was found significant antinociceptive effect (P < 0.001) at the dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally in mice and produced remarkable antiinflammatory effect (P < 0.001) at the same dose levels used in the rats. Behavioral study of the PFCE has no significant anxiolysis effect when used orally. It concludes that, PFCE possessed remarkable antinociceptive effect and anti-inflammatory effect but no anxiolytic effect on animal models.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.158-168
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• 1993

For the conversion of WAD to NADP, Immobilized Brevibacterium ammoniagenes cells with NAD kinase was coupled with ATP-generating system by acetate kinase. The membrane permeability of B. ammoniagenes was improved by toluene treatment of cells. The toluene treated B. ammoniagenes cells were immobilized for stable enzyme activity. Partially purified acetate kinase was used in the reaction system. The optimum conditions for the efficient conversion of UAD to WADP by energy-coupled system were investigated. B. ammoniagenes cells treated with toluene for the Improvement of membrane permeability showed 4.5 fold improved permeability in the conversion of NAD to NADP compared with Intact cells. 3% k-carrageenan as the immobilization matrix of B. ammoniagenes showed the best efficiency for the conversion of NAD to NADP The optimum conditions for the WAR to WARP conversion reaction coupled nth ATP-generating system were 10mM acetylphosphate, 5mM ADP 200mM inorganic phosphate, 10mM MgCl2, 250mg/ml Immobilized cells, 49.3mUnit/ml acetate kinase, pH 7.5 and 37$^{\circ}C$. Under the optimum conditions, 72% of 5mM(340mg/ml ) NAD was converted to UADP In 12 hours.