• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.438-440
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• 1997

A continuous fermentation system employing immobilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied for the mass production of ethanol. Ethanol production by cells immobilized with Ca-alginate was better than those by cells immobilized with K-carrageenan. Maximum ethanol production employing a continuous system by cells immobilized with Ca-alginate was 77.5 $g.l^{-1}h^{-1}$ at a dilution rate of 1.85 $h^{-1}$ with 82% conversion rate for Z. mobilis while that was 40.2 $g.l^{-1}h^{-1}$ at a dilution rate of 0.92 $h^{-1}$ with 85% conversion rate for S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that Ca-alginate is a better cell immobilization matrix than K-carrageenan and that immobilized cells of Z. mobilis are more efficient than S. cerevisiae for ethanol production.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.751-751
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• 2003

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2008

The effect of gellan (GE), xanthan (XA), and $\lambda$-carrageenan (LC) on the viscosity, sedimentation, ellagic acid content, and turbidity of grape 'Campbell Early' juice (CEJ) was investigated. CEJ samples with 0.15% each of GE, XA, and LC were tested for the above variables after 0, 5, 10, and 20 days of storage. The samples containing GE (0.15%) showed the least amount of sediment formation, the lowest ellagic acid content and turbidity, and a rise in viscosity. Sedimentation in CEJ decreased with increased viscosity due to the addition of gums which also limited the ellagic acid content and turbidity. GE was the most effective additive for the stabilization of CEJ.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.97-101
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the water extract of Geranii Herba (The stem and leaves of Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc.) in the animal models of pain and inflammation. Methods : We evaluated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Geranii Herba extract (GHE) using the writhing test, tail-flick test, carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema models. Two dose of GHE (100 and 1000 mg/kg) was administrated orally to the mice. Control group received normal saline and ibuprofen (50 mg/kg) was used as a positive control drug. Results : GHE 1000 mg/kg treated group showed an increased tail-flick response time in the tail-flick test and inhibitory effect on writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid. Treatment with GHE at the same dose inhibited ear edema induced by xylene and foot edema induced by carrageenan toxicity. Conclusion : The results demonstrate that GHE has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the various models of nociception and inflammation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

Objective: To derive information on the efficacy of Sam-chul-kun-bi-tang (SKT), by evaluating its anti-inflammatory effect. SKT is a widely-used herbal formula in traditional Korean medicine. In man y studies, plant-derived anti-inflammatory efficacies have been investigated for their potential inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. This study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of SKT extract on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $(PG)E_2$, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-6 were examined in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, in the presence of SKT. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with LPS 1 ${\mu}g/mL$ and SKT for 18 hrs. The anti-inflammatory activity of SKT was investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The paw volume was measured at 2 and 4 hrs following carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Results: SKT showed inhibitory effect on $PGE_2$, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. But SKT was not inhibitory effect on NO by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Administration of SKT (1 g/kg) also showed a reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema on rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that SKT has anti-inflammatory activities in both in vitro and in vivo models.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.311-317
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• 2005

GCSB-5 is a purified extract from a mixture of 6 Oriental herbs (Ledebouriellae Radix, Achyranthis Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen, and Eucommiae Cortex) that have been widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the East Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of GCSB-5. The animals used in this study were administered either vehicle or GCSB-5 (30, 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg) orally. The GCSB-5 significantly inhibited the increased of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability (30.9%-34.2% inhibition at 30-300 mg/kg). The swelling of the rat's hind paw induced by carrageenan was significantly inhibited by GCSB-5 in doses of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Maximal inhibition (50.9%) was obtained with GCSB-5 at dose of 300 mg/kg. However, it did not have any anti-inflammatory action in the rheumatoid arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant or in the granuloma induced by carrageenan. Our finding suggest that GCSB-5 has a anti-inflammatory activity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2011

In this study, the hydrogels composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (${\kappa}C$), and 1,2-hexanediol (HD) were prepared by ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. The radiation dose was 25 kGy and the concentration of ${\kappa}C$ was 3 wt%. The physical properties of the hydrogels were investigated as a function of the concentrations of PVP and HD. The gel content and the tensile strength increased with increasing PVP concentration due to the crosslinking between the pyrrolidone molecules and decreased with increasing HD concentration. The degree of swelling was inversely proportional to the gel content because the highly crosslinked hydrogels had a tighter structure, hence reducing their water absorption. The antibacterial tests indicated that the hydrogels containing HD had antibacterial activity.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

Although the usage of acupuncture for pain has increased in recent years, the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia (AA) remain unclear. The lack of suitable experimental animal models for persistent pain, which show clear AA, has been the major stumbling block in the investigation of the physiological mechanisms of AA. In the present study, we test AA in two knee arthritis models induced by injection of CFA or carrageenan as persistent pain models. After induction of arthritis, the rat subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied to an acupuncture point each on the contralateral forelimb for 30 minutes under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next several hours. EA produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the foot lasting for at least 2 hours when applied to LR2 in CFA model, and applied to ST36 in carrageenan model, but both points did not produce any significant effects in each other model. Further experiments showed that intraperitoneal pretreatment of naltrexone, a non-selective opioid antagonist, did not reduced the EA-induced improvement of stepping force in both of two models. These data suggest that EA produce analgesic effect in knee arthritic pain and the analgesic effect is specific to the acupuncture point depending on painful conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.677-681
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• 1999

Purificationi of egg yolk immunoglobulin(IgY) was performed to understand the property of egg immunoglobulin. IgY differs from mammalian IgY in the molecular size(larger), isoelectric point(more acidic), and binding ability with mammalian complement and protein A(nonbinding ability). IgY is also known as ${\gamma}$-livetin and exists in egg yolk together with other two water-solubel proteins, ${\alpha}$-livetin(chicken serum albumin) and ${\beta}$-livetin(${\alpha}_2$-glycoprotein) and various lipoproteins(Low density lipoprotein, LDL and High density lipoprotein, HDL) which are the major components of egg yolk. The first step of isolation of IgY is to separate the water-solube proteins from lipoproteins. We report a simple method for separation of water soluble proteins using k-carrageenan and sedimentation. k-carrageenan was found to be effective for removal of yolk lipoprotein as a precipitate. IgY remained supernatant, and was isolated by chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephacel and G 75 gel filtration chromatography.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2 s.62
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• pp.140-151
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• 2005

Objectives: Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR), the young twig of Cinnamomum loureirri nees, has been used for treating symptoms related to pain, rheumatic arthritis and inflammation in Korean herb medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Extracts of CR were prepared and the chemical components of the extracts were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were administrated to the rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR. The expressions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were also quantified in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)­induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to survey the effect of CR in vitro. The main components were cinnamaldehyde and coumarin. Results: We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of the $80\%$ ethanol extract of Cinnamomi Ramulus in vivo by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Maximum inhibition of $54.91\%$ was noted at the dose of l1000mg/kg after 2 hours of drug administration in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and this showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions: The results showed that Cinnamomi Ramulus suppressed dose-dependently LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and also decreased iNOS protein expression. Cinnamomi Ramulus also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression.