• 제목/요약/키워드: k-$\omega$

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A NOTE ON MINIMAL SETS OF THE CIRCLE MAPS

  • Yang, Seung-Kab;Min, Kyung-Jin
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.13-16
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    • 1998
  • For continuous maps f of the circle to itself, we show that (1) every $\omega$-limit point is recurrent (or almost periodic) if and only if every $\omega$-limit set is minimal, (2) every $\omega$-limit set is almost periodic, then every $\omega$-limit set contains only one minimal set.

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ON ω-LIMIT SETS AND ATTRACTION OF NON-AUTONOMOUS DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

  • Liu, Lei;Chen, Bin
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.703-713
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    • 2012
  • In this paper we study ${\omega}$-limit sets and attraction of non-autonomous discrete dynamical systems. We introduce some basic concepts such as ${\omega}$-limit set and attraction for non-autonomous discrete system. We study fundamental properties of ${\omega}$-limit sets and discuss the relationship between ${\omega}$-limit sets and attraction for non-autonomous discrete dynamical systems.

Frequency Characteristics of Anodic Oxide Films on Tantalum

  • Lee, Dong-Nyung;Yoon, yong-Ku
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 1973
  • 양극산화 피막의 임피단스(impedance)에 대한 니시다니식은 p-i-n 모델에 기초를 두고 $\omega$$\varepsilon$$\rho$$_{ο}$<<4$\pi$<<$\omega$$\varepsilon$$\rho$$_{\omega$}$의 가정하에서 유도된 것이다. 여기서 $\omega$는 각 주파수, $\varepsilon$는 유전상수, $\rho$$_{ο}$ and $\rho$$_{\omega}$는 양극산화피막의 계면과 중간영역의 비저항이다. 그러나 이 식의 파라데타를 전부 계산할 수 없기 때문에 이 식으로 양극산화피막의 물리적 모형을 분명히 할 수가 없다. 그러므로 $\omega$$\tau$$_{\omega}$1과 In(1+$\omega$$^2$$\tau$$^2$$_{ο}$)<<1이란 가정을 하여 임피단스에 대한 수정된 식을 유도하였다. 여기서 $\tau$$_{\omega}$=$\varepsilon$$\rho$$_{\omega}$/(4$\pi$) 및 $\tau$$_{ο}$=$\varepsilon$$\rho$$_{ο}$/(4$\pi$)로 정의된다. 양극산화피막을 가열하였을 때의 주파수톡성의 변화를 이 수정된 식으로 설명하였다. 양극산화피막을 가열하였을 매 양극산화피막의 임피단스의 변화는 주로 양극산화피막의 확산층의 증가와 비저항의 감소때문이라고 해석하였다.

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BIPOLAR FUZZY SET THEORY APPLIED TO SUB-SEMIGROUPS WITH OPERATORS IN SEMIGROUPS

  • Kang, Mee-Kwang;Kang, Jeong-Gi
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.23-35
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    • 2012
  • Given a set ${\Omega}$ and the notion of bipolar valued fuzzy sets, the concept of a bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroup in semigroups is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Using bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroups, bipolar fuzzy sub-semigroups are constructed. Conversely, bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroups are established by using bipolar fuzzy sub-semigroups. A characterizations of a bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroup is provided, and normal bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroups are discussed. How the homomorphic images and inverse images of bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroups become bipolar ${\Omega}$-fuzzy sub-semigroups are considered.

자외선 레이저를 이용한 고정밀 저항체 가공기술 개발 (Development of Trimming Technology in High-fine Resistor Using U.V. Laser)

  • 노상수;김동현;정귀상;김형표;김광호
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제11권6호
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    • pp.358-364
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    • 2002
  • 본 논문에서는 백금박막 온도센서의 $0^{\circ}C$, $100{\Omega}$ 세팅을 위해 355nm 파장을 갖는 자외선 레이저를 이용하였다. 국제적으로 온도센서의 A-class 기준오차는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 ${\pm}0.060{\Omega}$이다. 실제적으로 이 값은 $0.15^{\circ}C$이하에 해당하는 오차로 저항체 제작시 고정밀 가공 기술을 필요로 한다. 가공에 이용된 355nm DYP(Diode-Pumped YAG) 레이저는 power : 37mW, rep rate 주파수 : 200Hz 그리고 bite size : $7.5{\mu}m$에서 $1{\sim}1.5{\mu}m$ 두께의 백금박막을 가장 안전하게 가공할 수 있었으며, 가공선폭은 $10{\mu}m$ 안팎임을 확인하였다. 그리고 사진식각 공정기술을 이용하여 제작된 $2"{\times}2"$ 기판내의 96개(4 by 24) 저항체는 상온 $25^{\circ}C$에서 $79{\sim}90{\Omega}$ : 42.7%, $91{\sim}102{\Omega}$ : 57.3%의 비율로 각각 제작되어졌다. $109.73{\Omega}$를 목표 값으로 $25^{\circ}C$에서 자외선 레이저를 이용하여 가공한 결과, 82.3%가 가공오차가 ${\pm}0.03{\Omega}$이하에 들어왔으며 나머지 17.7%도 국제규격 A-Class내인 ${\pm}0.06{\Omega}$내에 포함되었다.

Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on fatty Acid Pattern in Development Rat Brain Phospholipids - Effects on P/M/S and $\omega$3/$\omega$6 Fatty Acid Ratios -

  • Um, Young-Sook;Chung, Eun-Jung;Lee-Kim, Yang-Cha
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.897-905
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    • 1998
  • Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), a $\omega$3 series fatty acid and arachidonic acid(AA). a $\omega$6 series fatty acid were found in relatively high concentrations in the phospholipids(PLs) of cell membranes of nerve tissues, and they can be affected by various factors. The present study examined the effects of dietary $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acid composition on P/M/S and on $\omega$3/$\omega$6 fatty acid ratios in brain PLs of 2nd generation rats. The expeimental diets consisted of 10% fat(by wt), which were computer- searched mixed oil('M') with P/M/S ratio, 1 : 1.4 : 1 and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio, 6 : 1 and safflower oil('S') poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids. The experimental diets were started 3-4 wks prior to conception. During the lactation period, the feeding mothers were switched 1 wk after birth and provided the pups for 2 wks with milk which had compositions different from that of their natural mother. The same diet as their mothers was provided from weaning to 9 wks of age. The 'M'and 'S' rats were again subdivided into MM, MS, SS, SM rats according to diet which their lactating mothers were fed from the begining of the experiment. The relative percentage of P/M/S fatty acids in brain PLs in all experimental groups converged to a very similar value at 9 wks of age, indicating the existence of a control mechanism for the degree of fatty acids, unsaturation. The $\omega$3/$\omega$6 fatty acid ratios of brain PLs converged to about 1.0 in MM & SM groups and to 0.7 in SS & MS groups, suggesting also the existence of some balance between $\omega$3 and $\omega$6 fatty acids in developing rat brain. The concentrations of $\omega$3 fatty acids, especially DHA, in the SM group were increased and became similar to those in MM group at 9 wks of age. The increase in DHA of brain PLs was counterbalanced b)r a decrease in 22 5$\omega$6. Therefore, the ratios of 22 : 6$\omega$6/22 : 5$\omega$6 were higher in both MM & SM groups than those of SS & MS groups at 9 wak of age. Although dietary $\omega$3 and $\omega$6 fatty acids affected 22 : 6$\omega$S and 22 : 5$\omega$6 contained in rat brain PLs reciprocally, the relative percentage of AA did not appear to be significantly influenced by the diet in all groups at 9 wks of age, suggesting that a mechanism for the maintenance of a certain level of AA in brain PLs exists. In conclusion, the $\omega$3/$\omega$6 fatty acid and 22 : 6$\omega$3/22 : 5$\omega$6 ratios, but not P/M/S ratio, of rat brain PLs were affected by the postnatal dietary changes. Futher studies are required to clarify the mechanism(S) of ensuring a certain level of DHA and of maintaining a similar level of AA in rat brain PLs after. weaning(9 wk) regardless of prenatal and postnatal dietary changes. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 897-905, 1998)

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ω-MODULES OVER COMMUTATIVE RINGS

  • Yin, Huayu;Wang, Fanggui;Zhu, Xiaosheng;Chen, Youhua
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.207-222
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    • 2011
  • Let R be a commutative ring and let M be a GV -torsionfree R-module. Then M is said to be a $\omega$-module if $Ext_R^1$(R/J, M) = 0 for any J $\in$ GV (R), and the w-envelope of M is defined by $M_{\omega}$ = {x $\in$ E(M) | Jx $\subseteq$ M for some J $\in$ GV (R)}. In this paper, $\omega$-modules over commutative rings are considered, and the theory of $\omega$-operations is developed for arbitrary commutative rings. As applications, we give some characterizations of $\omega$-Noetherian rings and Krull rings.

ON EXISTENCE OF WEAK SOLUTIONS OF NEUMANN PROBLEM FOR QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS INVOLVING p-LAPLACIAN IN AN UNBOUNDED DOMAIN

  • Hang, Trinh Thi Minh;Toan, Hoang Quoc
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.1169-1182
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    • 2011
  • In this paper we study the existence of non-trivial weak solutions of the Neumann problem for quasilinear elliptic equations in the form $$-div(h(x){\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^{p-2}{\nabla}u)+b(x){\mid}u{\mid}^{p-2}u=f(x,\;u),\;p{\geq}2$$ in an unbounded domain ${\Omega}{\subset}\mathbb{R}^N$, $N{\geq}3$, with sufficiently smooth bounded boundary ${\partial}{\Omega}$, where $h(x){\in}L_{loc}^1(\overline{\Omega})$, $\overline{\Omega}={\Omega}{\cup}{\partial}{\Omega}$, $h(x){\geq}1$ for all $x{\in}{\Omega}$. The proof of main results rely essentially on the arguments of variational method.

INJECTIVE MODULES OVER ω-NOETHERIAN RINGS, II

  • Zhang, Jun;Wang, Fanggui;Kim, Hwankoo
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제50권5호
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    • pp.1051-1066
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    • 2013
  • By utilizing known characterizations of ${\omega}$-Noetherian rings in terms of injective modules, we give more characterizations of ${\omega}$-Noetherian rings. More precisely, we show that a commutative ring R is ${\omega}$-Noetherian if and only if the direct limit of GV -torsion-free injective R-modules is injective; if and only if every R-module has a GV -torsion-free injective (pre)cover; if and only if the direct sum of injective envelopes of ${\omega}$-simple R-modules is injective; if and only if the essential extension of the direct sum of GV -torsion-free injective R-modules is the direct sum of GV -torsion-free injective R-modules; if and only if every $\mathfrak{F}_{w,f}(R)$-injective ${\omega}$-module is injective; if and only if every GV-torsion-free R-module admits an $i$-decomposition.

동면중 짱뚱어 근육유(筋肉油)의 지방질과 중성 및 인지질 조성의 변화 (Variation in Muscle Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Neutral and Phospholipids of Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) during Hibernation)

  • 김명곤;백승화;최선남;김종배;박일웅
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제41권7호
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    • pp.533-538
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    • 1998
  • 동면시 짱뚱어의 에너지 대사에 관한 정보를 얻고자 근육 중 지방질과 지방산조성을 성숙기(8월), 동면직전(11월), 동면직후(4월)로 나누어 분석 검토하였다. 조지방과 중성지질 조성은 각각 8월 1.2, 68.3%에서 11월 0.7, 53.8%, 4월 0.4, 42.6%로 점차 줄었고, 인지질과 당지질은 8월 29.5, 2.2%에서 4월 52.1%, 5.3%로 각각 증가 하였다. 중성지질 중 TG함량은 8월 53.8%에서 11월 33.6, 4월 23.1%로 점차 줄었으나, FFA와 sterol류는 반대로 8월 13.5, 14.2%에서 4월 22.3, 24.5%로 각각 증가하였다. 인지질에서는 PC함량이 8월 61.2%였으나 4월 50.6%로 줄었고 PS와 PE는 이와 대체로 반대 경향이었다. 중성지질에서는 16 : 0, 16 : 1, 18 : 0, 18 : 1, 20 : 5$({\omega}3)$이 많았고 특히 $20:5({\omega}3)$가 많은 점이 특징적이었으며 월동전 후는 포화산과 monoene산 조성이 줄고 대신 polyene산 조성이 높아지는 경향이었다. 11월은 주로 16 : 0, 16 : 1, 18:1 등 일부가 줄었으나 4월은 16 : 0, 20 : 1, 22 : 1를 제외한 14 : 0, 14 : 1, 16 : 1, 18 : 0, 18:1 등 대부분의 포화 및 monoene산과 18 : 2, 18 : 3$({\omega}3)$이 균일하게 줄어 동면시 이들이 에너지원이 되고 특히 전기간에 걸쳐서는 16 : 1과 18 : 1의 이용이 용이했을 것으로 판단되었다. 인지질에서는 16 : 0, 18 : 0, 20 : 5$({\omega}3)$, 22 : 5$({\omega}3)$, 22 : 6$({\omega}3)$이 많았고 monoene산 조성비는 거의 일정하였으나 월동전 후는 16 : 0, 18 : 0을 주로 한 포화산과 18 : 2, 18 : 3$({\omega}3)$이 줄었고 대신 20 : 4$({\omega}6)$, 20 : 5$({\omega}3)$, 22.5$({\omega}3)$, 22 : 6$({\omega}3)$ 등고도 polyene산 조성이 높아져 불포화도가 증가하였으며, 특히 20 : 4$({\omega}6)$와 20 : 5$({\omega}3)$의 상승폭이 컸다.

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