• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.389-406
• /
• 1992

This study was designed to identify nursing students' attitudes toward life through a Q-methodology. A Q-sample was formed through a review of the literature and interviews(n＝160)l The final Q-sample consisted of 37 statements out of an initial 100 statements after consultation with an expert panel and pilot testing. The P-sample consisted of 14 university nursing students and 27 junior college nursing students, which was selected by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed by the Q-analysis method. The correlation between type 2 and type 3 was relatively high (r＝0.539) ; that between type 1 and type 3 was lowest (r＝0.014). The first type of attitude was the “rational utilitarian” type. Students in this type valued life relative to the quality of life. They agreed with euthanasia and artificial abortion if the quality of life was threatened. The criteria for their judgement were scientific knowledge and rationality. The second type of attitude was the “Christian deontologic” type. These students appreciated the sanctity of life according to Christian dogma. They disagreed with euthanasia and artficial abortion. And they disagreed strongly that life should be created by scientific development, because only God creates life. The third type of attitude was the “unconditional deontologic” type. These students agreed with the sanctity of life, not from Christian belief but from belief in the sanctity of life. The final type of attitude was the “prima facie(conditional) deonologic” type. These students appreciated the value of life and humanity. They expressed concern for others' life and suffering. They do not want to afflict others with their own miseries. This group showed a dual value system toward themselves and others. So they experience conflict between their concern for their on and others' conditions. These nursing students' values may have been influenced by their clinical experience in hospitals and other nursing fields. Through this study, we may realize the importance of education in nursing ethics for discussion of ethical conflicts and to support ethical nursing practice.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.619-628
• /
• 2008

하천의 호안은 제방 또는 호안을 유수에 의한 파괴와 침식으로부터 보호하기 위한 구조물로서 과거에는 치수 목적만 갖고 기술자의 주관이나 경험적 판단에 기초해 공법을 선정함으로써 시공한 후 여러 문제점들이 발생하였다. 그러나 현재는 치수뿐만 아니라 환경적 측면이 강조되면서 자연형 호안이 필요하게 되고, 호안종류가 다양해져 호안 공법 선정시 보다 객관적이고 정량적인 해석방법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 호안공법 선정시 기존의 방법에서 문제가 되었던 주관적, 경험적 요소를 최대한 배제하기 위해 안정성, 경제성, 시공성, 친환경성에 대한 세부기준 및 표준화 절차를 제시하고, 최적호안공법 선정에 계층분석과정을 도입하였다. 이로써 실무에서 최적의 호안공법을 선택함에 있어 보다 객관적이고 합리적인 판단의 수단을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 1996

회전 기계의 저어널 베어링 상태를 음향 방출(AE) 기술을 활용하여 감시하기 위한 진단 시스템을 개발하였다. AE 기술은 베어링 시스템에 있어서 비정상 상태를 탐지하기 위하여 이용된다 모의 저어널 베어링시스템을 이용한 실험과 실제 발전 설비에 대한 적용 시험의 결과로부터 AE 신호 파라메타 중에서 rms voltage가 가장 유효한 것으로 판명되었으며, 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 하여 진단 시스템의 알고리즘과 판단 기준들이 설정되었다. 베어링 진단 시스템은 AE 센서 및 전치앰프로 구성된 신호 감지부, AE rms voltage를 측정하기 위한 rms-to-DC 변환 회로부로 구성된 신호 처리부, A/D 변환기를 이용하여 rms voltage 신호를 PC에 연결해 주는 인터페이스부, 베어링 상태 보기와 진단 프로그램을 포함하는 그래픽 디스플레이 및 소프트웨어부의 4부분으로 구성된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.869-886
• /
• 2016

Non-Deformable Support System (NDSS) is one of the support system analysis methods. It is likely seen as numerical analysis. Obviously, numerical modeling is the key tool for this system but not unique. Although the name of the system makes you feel that there is no deformation on the support system, it is not true. The system contains some deformation but in certain tolerance determined by the numerical analyses. The important question is what is the deformation tolerance? Zero deformation in the excavation environment is not the case, actually. However, deformation occurred after supporting is important. This deformation amount will determine the performance of the applied support. NDSS is a stronghold analysis method applied in full to make this work. While doing this, NDSS uses the properties of rock mass and material, various rock mass failure criteria, various material models, different excavation geometries, like other methods. The thing that differ NDSS method from the others is that NDSS makes analysis using the time dependent deformation properties of rock mass and engineering judgement. During the evaluation process, NDSS gives the permission of questioning the field observations, measurements and timedependent support performance. These transactions are carried out with 3-dimensional numeric modeling analysis. The goal of NDSS is to design a support system which does not allow greater deformation of the support system than that calculated by numerical modeling. In this paper, NDSS applied to the problems of Tunnel 34 of the same Project (excavated with NATM method, has a length of 2218 meters), which is driven in graphite schist, was illustrated. Results of the system analysis and insitu measurements successfully coincide with each other.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 1983

In this paper design criteria for semi-submersibles, effective at the stage of basic design, are reviewed first generally. Thereafter an extensive study is focussed on essential problematic areas such as design load, heaving motion, overall structural analysis and welding technique. The necessity for this kind of research is apparent in the light of the fact that ocean exploration and exploitation becomes extended to deeper ocean and that semi-submersibles are the most favorite unit for operation under this environment. In some sense principles in naval architecture are indeed applicable to the design of semi-submersible. However, because of the difference in geometry between ships and semi-submersibles, there are significant deviations in design method. A thorough discussion is made on particular behaviours of a semi-submersible in stability, wave load, motion characteristics and structural responses. Then some calculation-procedures and design guidelines are tentatively proposed. A numerical calculation for a semi-submersible Sedco 708 is exemplified for better understanding of the concept. The structure has 4 main and another 4 secondary stabilizing columns with catamaran-type lower hull. In this example design condition is supposed to be 28m wave height, 90 knots wind speed for survival condition and seastate 6 for operational condition in water of 100m depth. The numerical result implies that the actual design of this model can be assessed close to optimum. Further intensive research is strongly required in the subject fields of dynamic stability, rational evaluation of wave load statistical basis for fatigue life judgement.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.171-181
• /
• 2014

현대 정치에서 매스미디어의 영향력이 확대됨에 따라 방송의 공정성이 중요하게 논의되고 있다. 기존의 연구는 대부분 기계적 공정성만을 추구하는 경향이 있어 이번 연구에서는 정량적 자료와 정성적 자료를 함께 비교하기 위해 AHP 분석방법을 통한 분석을 시도했다. 연구 결과 1계층의 평가항목 중 내용적 균형의 가중치가 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 형식적 균형에서는 보도의 순서가 내용적 균형에서는 보도제목이 가장 큰 중요도를 차지하는 지표로 나타났다. 각 방송사별 편향성 비교에서는 MBC가 편향성이 가장 크고 다음이 KBS, SBS순서로 나타났다. 이번 연구는 기존의 공정성 관련 연구가 형식적 분석에 그쳤던 것에 반해 정량적 자료와 정성적인 자료를 하나의 분석틀에서 계량화 하고 이의 정도를 상호 비교할 수 있었다는데 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2015

정보통신계의 발달로 인하여 등장하는 새로운 기술들로 인하여 새로운 개인정보의 형태가 나타나고 있다. 이에 따라, 기존 개인정보들과 결합되어 사용되어지는 개인정보들이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 현행 개인정보보호법에서 정의하는 결합된 정보에 대한 개인정보 위험도를 측정하는 방법은 정성적으로 제시되고 있어, 개인정보 위험도가 평준화되기는 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 기존 연구된 개인정보 위험도 평가 방법을 기반으로 개인정보 중요도와 가중치를 측정한 다음 IPA를 통해 개인정보의 위험도를 분석하는 모델을 제시하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 사용자의 주관적인 판단을 배제할 수 있고, 결합된 개인정보 위험도 산정에 사용될 수 있다. 또한, 제시되는 정략적인 위험도는 객관적인 지표로 사용될 수 있는 기준을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop 360 feedback for nursing unit manager based on the current personnel evaluation system and to evaluate the new tool according to evaluation subjects. Total of 277 subjects of nurse unit managers and staff nurses were participated in this study. Method: The study was conducted in three phases each for development, application, and analysis of 360 feedback. SAS program was utilized for data analysis with descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance. Result: The evaluation criteria of the developed 360 feedback tool consisted of 13 subscales such as professional knowledge, apprehension & judgement, job performance, applicability, creativity, leadership, responsibility, promptness & accuracy, administrative ability & sense of mission, activeness, cooperation, communicability, and general attitude. The internal consistency of the tool was Cronbach's alpha .939. The evaluation score by! peers(M=4.30) was the highest one, followed by self-evaluation(M=4.23), evaluation by supervisor(M=4.17), and evaluation by subordinate(M=4.10). The differences in the total evaluation scores among the subjects supervisor, self, peer, and subordinate were not statistically significant, but significant differences were found in some subscales scores. Conclusion: Further research is required to test the reliability and validity of the $360^{\circ}$ feedback tool, and to test the outcome and the process of $360^{\circ}$ feedback system.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
• /
• pp.392-403
• /
• 1997

There is a strong international move towards performance based fire regulations for buildings with New Zealand and Australia at the forefront of research in this fold. The reform of regulations is thought to offer more innovation and flexibility in building design and greater cost effectiveness in construction. An important part of the research in this area is related to the development of agreed approaches to fire safety design, such as the Fire Code Reform Centre's "Fire Engineering Guidelines" or New Zealand's "Fire Engineering Design Guide". Such design process documents have incorporated or referenced much of the latest research in areas such as: tenability criteria fire compartment models egress models risk assessment. Use of such design guidelines or equivalents in major projects in countries such as Hong Kong and Australia have highlighted where fro engineering can offer real benefits to building designers and ultimately building owners and operators. However, there is still much research to be done and use of a systematic, logical design approach clearly identifies where design data or modelling techniques are still urgently required. Such areas are: fire growth rates and peak heat release rates for non-residential occupancies pre-movement times related to egress experimental validation and limits of applicability of CFD and other compartment Ire models probability/reliability data on fire protection systems for risk based analysis. Examples from case studies will be shown where lack of such research and poor judgement can lead to inferior design solutions or where unnecessarily conservative designs can lead to cost excesses. In summary, the link between Ire engineering designers and the research community is very important to highlight areas of fire research that will have the most benefit to the building and construction industry.nstruction industry.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2021

Background: Our aim is to determine the interobserver reliability for surgeons to detect Hill-Sachs lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the certainty of judgement, and the effects of surgeon characteristics on agreement. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with Hill-Sachs lesions or other lesions with a similar appearance on MRIs were presented to 20 surgeons without any patient characteristics. The surgeons answered questions on the presence of Hill-Sachs lesions and the certainty of diagnosis. Interobserver agreement was assessed using the Fleiss' kappa (κ) and percentage of agreement. Agreement between surgeons was compared using a technique similar to the pairwise t-test for means, based on large-sample linear approximation of Fleiss' kappa, with Bonferroni correction. Results: The agreement between surgeons in detecting Hill-Sachs lesions on MRI was fair (69% agreement; κ, 0.304; p<0.001). In 84% of the cases, surgeons were certain or highly certain about the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion. Conclusions: Although surgeons reported high levels of certainty for their ability to detect Hill-Sachs lesions, there was only a fair amount of agreement between surgeons in detecting Hill-Sachs lesions on MRI. This indicates that clear criteria for defining Hill-Sachs lesions are lacking, which hampers accurate diagnosis and can compromise treatment.