• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.339-354
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to identify many implications of commuting regional type according to the features of foreigner commuting. Research on the pattern of distribution of foreigners has been very simple and limited because foreigners usually lived together in a specific area, and their workplace often tended to be their residence. However they currently live dispersed more Widely, and their job and housing increasingly tend to be mismatched. This study divided areas inhabited by foreigners into general one characterized by job-housing match and exceptional one characterized by job-housing mismatch, and then examined the features of foreigner commuting. General commute type showed a high rate of intra area commute and foreign workers' universal features. Inflow commute type showing high E/R ratio. In these areas, outflow commuters had a short journey to work while inflow commuters had relatively a long journey to work, and professionals accounted for a high proportion of employees. Outflow commute type showing low E/R ratio. In these areas, outflow commuters had a long journey to work while inflow commuters had a relatively short journey to work. The composition ratio of three commute types was different according to nationality and visa type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-22
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• 1993

This study examines the 1980 Census and the 1987 Travel Survey data sets, in order to identify commuting trends in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The commuting field of Seoul includes the cities and counties contiguous to Seoul, as well as Inchon, Suwon and Ansan City and Paju County. The study finds little support for the expansion of the commuting field toward distant counties of Kyonggi Province; instead an intensification of commuting within the field is more salient. The most prominent trend, within the city limit of Seoul, is that journey-to-work toward the city center has decreased whereas peripheral journeys increased considerably. The work trips have increased most in the southwestern sector of the city; a moderate increase in the northeastern and southwestern sectors; and decreases in the center and the northwestern sector of the city. Factorial analyses of the work trip data also reveal the emergence of sub-regions of journey-to-work in the peripheries of the city. Such a spatial pattern of commuting changes resemble that of population changes, and correspond in part to the layout of the subway system.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.656-674
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to reveal and compare the differences in the types and characteristics of purchase channel journeys of MZ generation consumers. In this study a survey was conducted on the purchase channel journey of 20 women in the MZ generation using the ethnographic method of in-depth interviews and observations. As a result, three purchase channel journeys were identified: mobile, multi-channel, and offline. These were variously subdivided according to the characteristics of the MZ generations. Gen Z's journey was categorized into types: fashion platform app, Youtube, multi-channel supplement, multi-channel non-planned store visit, offline loyalty store, and impulsive offline store. Gen M's journey was categorized as: an online community bond, portal site, online loyalty store, multi-channel brand involvement, multi-channel efficiency, a multi-channel conversion, offline efficiency and offline task. The difference in mobile journey between generations was found in the time and length of the purchase. Gen M recognized both online and offline search processes to be tiring, while Gen Z enjoyed the search process using the online path. In the offline journey Gen Z began with their own intention to purchase, while Gen M sometimes recognized that purchasing fashion products necessary for work was a cumbersome task.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.7
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• pp.129-144
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• 2015

This study is aimed to better understand the lifestyle and fashion trend of Korea in 1954 and 1955, a period right after the Korean War. The study examined "The Journey of Duty", which was a color slide film of Seoul and Suwon made by a US soldier stationed in Korea during that time, as well as various documents. The films are assumed to be outcomes of the US Army wanting to record the situation in Korea, and the study was able to use 110 of the slides to examine the fashion trend of the times. There are three noticeable trends shown on "The Journey of duty". Koreans in western clothes, women wearing work pants called Momppae, and black color being in fashion. Most of the men and the children either wore only western clothes or western clothes with the Hanbok. But women rarely wore western-style clothing, such as blouse with skirt. They usually wore Hanbok or wore reformed Hanbok. The work pants, Momppae, becoming an everyday wear is the most unique finding from the slides. Women either wore just the pants or over the traditional Korean skirt. Black-colored clothes were in fashion. This color first spread after the Costume Reform Movement in the 1920s' and the prohibition of white robe. The wearing of white clothes did increase after the Korean liberation in 1945, as national spirit was promoted. However, many people still wore black due to economic reasons, as we as practical reasons. So the Korean fashion in 1954-1955 was in a transition period, as people were beginning to change their daily wears from traditional Korean costumes to western-styled clothes. The reasons for this change could be attributed to people only having access to western goods, as well as their awareness of western-styled clothes being more practical.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2018

This article examines Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey in the context of eighteenth-century British travel literature. While literary critics generally read Sterne's work as a sentimental novel, contemporary readers initially interpreted the text as a travel narrative. It is my argument that travel writing, particularly the motion entailed in travelling, plays a significant role in Sterne's critical examination of sympathy and its cultural function during this period. By narrating in great detail his narrator Yorick's mobility and the effects it has on his sentimental encounters, Sterne illustrates how sympathy is not only difficult to activate and therefore requires added stimulation in the form of motion, but also does not necessarily result in charitable actions, a moral failure that is dramatized by the literal distance Yorick maintains from the objects of his sympathy. Calling to mind the figurative distance that constitutes an integral part of Adam Smith's formulation of sympathy in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, the distance Yorick establishes through his travels indicates sympathy's failure to bridge the emotional and socioeconomic distance between individuals, thereby highlighting sympathy's limitations as a moral instrument. I argue that by using Yorick's repeated acts of sympathy to explore the problems of sentimentalism, Sterne both draws from and innovates the tradition of employing imaginary voyages to engage in philosophical inquiries.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2018

This paper written by Choi Bu based on "Piaohailu". This book consists of 3 volumes and it is his travelogue; Choi Bu has departed from Jeju Island to Naju, Jeolla province in the end of 1487, but it drifted on his way, so arrived to Zhejiang Province, China(Mid-Ming Dynasty) in early 1488. In this place, he interrogated with a reason for Japan pirates, but he released soon. And his waterway journey from Hangzhou to Beijing, he had received the award in Beijing which is the grace of the Emperor;and his land route journey from Beijing through Liaodong to Uiju, Pingan Province. Afterwards, this book had been translated in Japanese, English etc; and it had been awarded an alias of 'Chaoxian's Marco Polo'.From the description of the characters in the Mid-Ming Dynasty in the work of Pyohae-rok, the essay makes a study on the knowledge of ancient Korean scholars to China, and looks at the different social and political aspects and characteristics of the Ming Dynasty from the eyes of Korean scholars. It summarizes that when we face history squarely, it is important to refer to and draw on the foreign works recorded by ancient Korean scholars.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-139
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• 2014

This paper examines the moral vagueness penetrating Heart of Darkness. It views that the inarticulate moral presentation in the book is caused by the way in which the author distracts Marlow throughout his journey to Congo and ultimately to Kurtz, and puts him in a distance from what the real Cong is. Also Conrad's peculiar narrative style leads the readers' view astray Marlow describes what he sees and delivers the impression he gains in the journey but all he gets seems to be merely hazy and nebulous the readers are left with suspicion about his reliability on what he conveys to them. The effect is, because of the meagre tangibility on what Marlow experiences, he does not seem to get a clear grip on his moral rumination on what Congo can emit and what Kurtz ended up with, which allows the novel to defy a moral absoluteness. The moral awakening Marlow has gone through remains obscure. The readers are simply invited to work out what Marlow is up to.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2023

In this invited essay Nicholas J. Cull considers his career journey exploring the intersection of media and foreign policy, beginning with his first contact with ideas of propaganda and political communication. It continues with exposure to the historical study of propaganda and international relations at the University of Leeds, charting influences and key ideas. His thesis/first book research on Britain's attempt to draw the United States into World War Two before Pearl Harbor emphasized effective approaches to political communication other than the hard sell. Britain's wartime approach prefigured approaches of the United States Information Agency during the Cold War which became Cull's second major research project. Cull discusses the evolution of his work during the expansion of the public diplomacy field in the years following 9/11. Milestones include his articulation of a five-element description of public diplomacy with an emphasis on listening, and a more recent repositioning of Soft Power as Reputational Security, which goes beyond the usual emphasis on accentuating the positives of a nation's culture and values, to call for the active elimination of unattractive realities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2022

Purpose: This study discovered a substantive theory of the experience and process of peer support work among people with mental illness. Methods: The participants were members of community-based mental health facilities and had been working as peer supporters for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve participants and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory approach. Results: The core category was "becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery," and the core phenomenon was "identity confusion as a peer supporter." The causal conditions were "starting peer support work without certainty" and "standing at the boundary between the therapist and patient." The intervening conditions were "willingness to become a successful peer supporter," "feeling a sense of homogeneity with the patient," "accepting the mental illness," and "support from people around." The action and interaction strategies were "letting go of greed," "being open about oneself," "developing professional skills," "maintaining wellness in the body and mind," and "being with the patient." The consequences were "becoming a useful person," "changing attitude toward life," "expansion of the sense of self-existence," "recovering from mental illness," and "discovering a role as peer supporter." Finally, the substantive theory of "becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery" was derived. Conclusion: This study provides a holistic understanding of peer support work and the implications of interventions to help people with mental illness in a person-centered recovery process.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the status quo and identify the challenges and benefits of the digital transformation in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The six participating SMEs were purposely contacted, and they were either nominated for, or received the Vietnam Digital Awards in 2018, 2019 and 2020, which were held by the Vietnam Digital Communication Association (http://en.vdca.org.vn/). A qualitative research method is adopted, using a semi-structured interview method and a theoretical triangulation of legitimacy, stakeholder and stewardship theories to facilitate the investigation. This research tries to identify the current challenges and benefits for digital transformation of SMEs in Vietnam, based on perception and experience from business leaders and managers from six SMEs in Vietnam. The findings of this study reveal that besides the recent challenges for digital transformation, participants also experienced and shared their perspectives regarding the benefits received from the digital transformation journey of their organization, which varied from (i) improve operational as well as business functions; (ii) liberate staffs and managers from daily work and allows them to focus on decision-making tasks; (iii) enable solutions to deal with consequences from the COVID-19 pandemic; (iv) enhance value creation process; and (v) help firms to align with the global business standards.