• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4D호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2006

줄눈 콘크리트포장의 줄눈폭의 크기는 인접한 슬래브의 온습도 변화에 따른 체적변형에 기인하여 발생하고 인접 슬래브 간 하중 전달율에 영향을 미치며 줄눈채움재의 설계를 위한 중요한 인자이다. 슬래브의 온도가 하강하거나 습도가 감소하면 줄눈폭은 증가며 일반적으로 최대 줄눈폭은 AASHTO Guide에서 제안된 식을 사용하여 예측하고 있다. 동일한 포장 구역 내에서도 각각의 줄눈별로 발생되는 줄눈폭의 크기가 상당한 차이를 보이고 있는 반면, AASHTO 줄눈폭 예측식은 동일 포장 구역 내에서는 각 줄눈들에서 동일한 줄눈폭이 발생한다는 가정을 갖고 개발되었다. 이러한 가정은 AASHTO 줄눈폭 예측식이 임의 포장구역 내에서의 줄눈폭의 평균값에 대한 예측만을 가능하게 하여 상당부분의 줄눈에 대해서는 과소평가를 초래한다는 단점을 갖게 한다. 이로인해 최대 줄눈폭이 과소평가된 줄눈에서는 줄눈채움재가 조기파손하고, 하중 전달율이 불량하여 단차가 발생할 소지가 높고, 수분의 하부침투 및 세골제등이 줄눈폭 사이에 침입하여 스폴링을 유발할 가능성이 높아진다. 이러한 파손들은 포장 설계시 고려되지 않기 때문에 계획된 포장 수명이 도달하기 전에 포장공용성이 저하되게 한다는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에선 다양한 줄눈콘크리트포장의 줄눈폭 모니터링 데이터를 포함하고 있는 LTPP SMP Data를 이용하여 임의 포장 내에서의 최대 줄눈폭의 크기가 어떤 분포양상을 나타내는지 고찰하고 줄눈폭이 과소평가되는 비율을 포장설계자가 선택할 수 있도록 하는 확률론적 줄눈폭 예측 모델을 개발하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effects of repetitive mandibular opening movement and change of head posture on the vibration of temporomandibular(TM) joint. For this study, 23 patients with internal derangement of TM joint were selected. All they had clinically noticeable TM joint sound. Observation of the joint vibration were performed in four head postures, namely, natural head posture (NHP), forward head posture(FHP), upward head posture(UHP), and downward head posture(DHP). For recording of joint sound vibration, Sonopak of Biopak system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) was used, The author could take results related to integral higher than 300Hz, integral lower than 300Hz, ratio of integral higher than 300Hz to integral lower than 300Hz, total integral which was sum of higher and lower integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency in each opening movement, which was carried out three times in each head posture. Integral means amount of vibration. The data obtained were analysed by SPSS windows program and the results of this study were as follows : 1. In NHP, total integral in right TM joint was 5O.3Hz in the first opening, 67.9Hz in the second opening, and 74.0Hz in the third opening movement, bur there was no significant increase of total integral with repetitive opening movement. This finding was similar in left TM joint. Integral lower than 300Hz were higher than integral higher than 300Hz in almost every opening movement. 2. There was no significant difference of total integral between right and left side of TM joint, but there was a tendency of higher total integral in right TM joint than that in left TM joint except for results in DHP. 3. Peak amplitude in NHP ranged from 2.0 to 4.7, and peak frequency in NHP were 101.4-170.0Hz. And there was no consistent findings related to increase or decrease of these value according to repetitive opening in each head posture. 4. Change of head posture did not result any difference in integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency. In conclusion, change of head posture and repetitive mandibular opening movement did not make any significant effect on the vibration of temporo-mandibular joint, especially, on total integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1659-1663
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• 2011

Precast concrete slab track is a track structure to be installed by transporting and assembling precast concrete slabs manufactured at the factory. This method can improve concrete quality, provide easy maintenance and reduce construction time, compared with in-situ concrete track. However, the concrete slabs being continuously connected in longitudinal direction, due to the temperature change between summer and winter, the openings at slab joints have occurred. Thus, in this study, to identify the cause of this opening of slab joint, the joint opening caused by temperature drop in the longitudinally continuous precast concrete slab track has been predicted using three-dimensional finite element analysis, and compared with field measurements. Based on the proven model, the slab joint opening, and the stress pattern of concrete slab and steel reinforcement according to concrete slab-base friction properties, concrete-reinforcement bond properties, and prestressing were analyzed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 1992

In the outpatient clinic, we have many patients who suffer from temporomandibular joint disorders. These vary from MPD syndrome to osteoarthrosis, and many cases have tender spots or areas on the temporomandibular joint region and/or masticatory muscles. Further, they frequently have masticatory muscle pain when opening the jaw. This paper presents the results of our research on the differential diagnosis for tendernesses and pain on opening the jaw in the temporomandibular joint region and the masticatory muscles by joint cavity pumping with local anesthestic. The areas of tenderness and jae-opening paw in 65 patient suffering from temporomandibular joint disorder were examined and recorded before and after anesthetizing the upper joint cavity with 2% lidocaine. Maximum interincisal distance was similarly recorded. The results were as follows : In the area surrounding the upper joint cavity including the lateral pterygoid muscle, the tenderness and jaw-opening pain vanished almost entirely after anesthesia. This was considered a direct infiltrative effect of the local anesthesia. After the anesthesia, 86% of the tendernesses on the sternocleidomastoid muscles, and 66% of those on the posterior belly of the diagstric muscles vanished, while the disappearance rates on the masseter, temporal, and medial pterygoid muscles were 50~60%. Apart from the temporomandibular region, pain on opening the jaw was found on the masseter, temporal, posterior belly of the digastric muscles, and medial pterygoid muscles before anesthesia. The disappearance rates after anesthesia were 90~100% except for the pain of the posterior belly of the digastric muscles, for which the rate was 66%. These results suggest that more than 88% of the tendernesses on the sternocleidomastoid muscle, more than 60% of the tendernesses and jaw-opening pains on the digastric muscle, and more than half of the tendernesses and almost all of the jaw-opening pains in the jaw-closing muscles are referred pains from the temporomandibular joint. The tendernesses that had no change after anesthesia were considered to be derived from spasms of the muscles proper. Generally, maximum interincisal distance increased after anesthesia. The average distance was 34mm before anesthesia, but increased to 41mm after anesthesia. In a few cases, however little or no change was found in those distances. In these cases, pathological changes were found in the joint cavities arthrographically or arthroscopically.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.44.1-44.7
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• 2019

Background: We evaluated the improvement of pain and the increase in mouth opening after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis and the possible association with various factors such as previous splint treatment, medication, and diagnosis. Results: We studied 57 temporomandibular joint disorder patients who underwent arthrocentesis at Korea University Anam Hospital. These patients (24 males and 33 females, aged between 15 and 76 years) underwent arthrocentesis that was performed by one surgeon. The degree of mouth opening (assessed using the maximum mouth opening: MMO) and pain (assessed using the visual analog scale: VAS) were assessed pre- and post-arthrocentesis. The study also investigated whether treatment modalities other than arthrocentesis (medication and appliance therapy) were performed. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in mouth opening and pain after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Preoperative appliance therapy affected the results of arthrocentesis, but it was not statistically significant. With regard to pain relief, preoperative diagnosis did not show a significant difference. However, with regard to maximum mouth opening, patients with disc displacement without reduction with limited mouth opening (closed lock) showed the highest recovery (11.13 mm). Conclusion: The average of MMO increase after arthrocentesis was 9.10 mm, and patients with disc displacement without reduction with locking (closed lock) showed most recovery in maximum mouth opening and it was statistically significant. The average pain relief of patients after arthrocentesis was 3.03 in the VAS scale, and patients using anterior repositioning splint (ARS) preoperatively showed the most pain relief.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5D호
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• pp.805-812
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• 2006

국내 줄눈콘크리트포장에서 AASHTO 줄눈폭 예측식의 적정성을 판단하기 위하여 줄눈콘크리트 포장의 온도변화에 따른 줄눈폭 움직임을 중부내륙 시험도로에서 모니터링 하였고, AASHTO식과 비교분석을 하였다. 린(Lean)층, 쇄석층, BB3층을 보조기층으로 갖고 있는 포장구역을 조사구간으로 선정하였고, 또한 실런트가 줄눈폭 변화에 영향을 주는 정도를 분석하기 위해 두 구간의 줄눈채움재를 시공하지 않은 구간을 조사 대상으로 포함하여 분석한 결과 실런트가 온도변화에 따른 줄눈폭 움직임에 미치는 영향을 발견할 수 없었다. 조사구간의 줄눈에는 디멕게이지(Demec Gauge)를 설치하여 온도 변화에 따른 줄눈폭 움직임을 측정하였으며, 측정된 결과를 온도에 따른 줄눈폭 움직임을 정량화시켜 분석하기 위해서 ER (Effective Ratio)이라는 개념을 사용하였다. 분석결과 AASHTO 예측식에서는 하부지반 종류에 따라 보정계수(C)가 제안된 것에 반해 시험도로에서 계측된 결과는 하부지반 재료에 따른 줄눈폭 움직임의 차이가 발견되지 않았다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.763-768
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to research a specific material characteristics of top down concrete at column joint and to reduce column joint opening. Based on the established top down study, the experiment to apply an real construction case is performed. When the concrete placed into joint of top down column, raised air bubble is left as opening. This study is examined the incomplete packing reason in the top down column and found to air deflation method. The result of study is below (1) As the method to minimize column opening caused from confined air, it is required that an air exhaust port installation in joint column. (2) From air exhaust port installation, most of air bubble in column part is exhausted. As the concrete placing height is going up, air bubble size is going smaller.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1135-1151
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• 2016

For investigating the effect of the pre-existing joints on the initiation pattern of hydraulic fractures, the numerical simulation of circular holes under internal hydraulic pressure with a different pattern of the joint distributions are conducted by using a finite element code, FRANC2D. The pattern of hydraulic fracturing initiation are scrutinized with changing the values of the joint length, joint offset angle. The hydraulic pressures with 70% of the peak value of borehole wall breakout pressure are applied at the similar models. The simulation results suggest that the opening-mode fracture initiated from the joint tip and propagated toward the borehole for critical values of ligament angle and joint offset angle. At these critical values, the crack grow length is influenced by joint ligament length. When the ligament length is less than 3 times the borehole diameter the crack growth length increases monotonically with increasing joint length. The opening-mode fracture disappears at the joint tip as the ligament length increases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2000

A 69-year-old male pateint was admitted for discomfort on right temporomandibular joint during opening, closing and chewing that started few months ago. The patient had no special medical history except for lung tuberculosis approximately 30 years ago and nothing specific appeared on a physical exam taken 2 months ago. Clinical tests show that mouth opening of 53mm which was normal and no joint sound, deviation, pain during opening. But tenderness to palpation on Rt masseter muscle and pain existed on Rt temporomandibular joint during loading test on the right joint. No pain existed during resistance test and protrusion and range of lateral movement was normal. Rt temporomandibular joint was not swollen and no palpable mass was observed. No previous trauma history to the face existed. On X-ray calcific material existed in the joint cavity and on CT image, approximately 2mm sized calcific material appeared on the Rt temporomandibular joint but no change in bone appeared on the condyle nor the temporal bone. The patient was diagnosed as loose body, and the symptoms were relived after 2 physical therapies and is under regular check ups. The purpose of this case is to review disease that cause loose bodies.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2023

In this investigation, the interaction between opening space and neighboring joint has been examined by experimental test and Particle flow code in two dimension (PFC2D) simulation. Since, firs of all PFC was calibrated using Brazilian experimental test and uniaxial compression test. Secondly, diverse configurations of opening and neighboring joint were provided and tested by uniaxial test. 12 rectangular sample with dimension of 10 cm*10 cm was prepared from gypsum mixture. One quarter of tunnel and one and or two joint were drilled into the sample. Tunnel diameter was 5.5 cm. The angularities of joint in physical test were 0°, 45° and 90°. The angularities of joint in numerical simulation were 0°, 30°, 60°, -30°, -45°, -60° and its length were 2cm and 4cm. Loading rate was 0.016 m/s. Tensile strength of material was 4.5 MPa. Results shows that dominant type of crack which took place in the model was tensile cracks and or several shear bands develop within the model. The Final stress is minimum in the cases where oriented angle is negative. The failure stress decrease by decreasing the joint angle from 30° to 60°. In addition, the failure stress decrease by incrementing the joint angle from -30° to -60°. The failure stress was incremented by decreasing the number of notches. The failure stress was incremented by decreasing the joint length. The failure stress was incremented by decreasing the number of notches. Comparing experimental results and numerical one, showed that the failure stress is approximately identical in both conditions.