• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the difference of the ankle joint movements during landing. Seven adult males voluntarily participated in the study and the average foot size of the subjects was 269.8 mm. Image analysis equipment and the ground reaction force plate (landing type) was used to measure th kinetic variables. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the vertical ground reaction force peak point appeared once in the barefoot with forefoot, while two peak points appeared in the barefoot and functional shoe foot with rear foot landing. About ankle angle, fore foot landing ankle angle, the average with bare foot landing was $-10.302^{\circ}$ and the average with functional shoe foot landing was $-2.919^{\circ}$. Also about rear foot landing, ankle angle was $11.648^{\circ}$ with bare foot landing and $15.994^{\circ}$ with functional shoe landing. The fore foot landing, ankle joint force analysis produced 1423.966N with barefoot and 1493.264N with functional shoes. But, the rear foot landing, ankle joint force analysis produced 1680.154N with barefoot and 1657.286N with functional shoes. This study suggest that the angle of ankle depends on the landing type and bare foot running/functionalized shod running, and ankle joint forces also depends on landing type.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.141-158
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• 1995

This study was performed to invetigate the relationship between clinical manifestations related to temporomandibular joint sounds and temporomandibular joint vibrations that occurred synchronously with sounds. There have been reported in many articles that joint sounds indicate internal joint pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate type and patterns of joint sounds, and radiographic changes of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in order to diagnose and deal with the Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD). For this study 142 patients with TMDs were collected and they were examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs. The author classified TMJ sounds clinically into 3 types : click, popping, and crepitus. Transcranial and panoramic radiographs were taken for observein bony changes of TMJ, and for observing vibrations of TMJ Sonopak of Biopak system was used. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Female subjects with crepitus were older than those with click or popping and their mean ages were about 45 years old. But in male subjects, there was no age difference. 2. For all subjects, mean value of maximal mouth opening were above 40mm, which are lower limit of normal vertical opening. But in subjects with L-type opening deviation, mouth opening capacity were about 36mm of range. 3. Symptom duration stated when patient presented first were slightly longer in subjects with crepitus but there were no statistical differences. And there were also no radiographic differences among 3 types of joint sounds in regard to symptom duration. 4. In subjects wih click, it might have been interpreted that 12% had closed lock, 12% had degenerative joint disease, and about 17% of he subjects had normal joints by Sonopak. 5. There were no significant relationships between subjective loudness of joint sounds and magnitude of joint vibrations. 6. The highest value of Integral and peak amplitude were observed in popping sounds and though it was not significant, value of peak frequency was highest in crepitus. 7. Amount of mandibular positional change were differed between click and crepitus on frontal plane, between click, crepitus and popping on horizontal plane in rotational movement, respectively. However, there no difference among them in translational movements.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 1996

For effective rehabilitation of the shoulder, physical therapists must have correct knowledge of shoulder movements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder movements and the rotation of the humerus in the sagittal, coronal and scapular planes. Fifty normal subjects(25 male, 25 female) were tested using a Dualar-plus digital goniometer and an air-splint. The subjects performed active shoulder elevation in each plane with the humerus rotated in both medial and lateral directions. The range of motion(ROM) of the glenohumeral joint was measured three times. The paired t-test was used to determine the difference in ROM between medial and lateral rotation of the humerus. Results showed that, in the sagittal and the coronal planes, there was a significant difference(p < 0.01) in ROM of the shoulder between medial rotation and lateral rotation which was greater. But in the scapular plane, there was no difference between medial and lateral rotation. Physical therapists should consider these results when the goal of treatment is to increase ROM of the shoulder.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1038-1046
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• 2008

This paper presents a framework to generate human-like movements of a humanoid in real time using the movement primitive database of a human. The framework consists of two processes: 1) the offline motion imitation learning based on an Evolutionary Algorithm and 2) the online motion generation of a humanoid using the database updated bγ the motion imitation teaming. For the offline process, the initial database contains the kinetic characteristics of a human, since it is full of human's captured motions. The database then develops through the proposed framework of motion teaming based on an Evolutionary Algorithm, having the kinetic characteristics of a humanoid in aspect of minimal torque or joint jerk. The humanoid generates human-like movements far a given purpose in real time by linearly interpolating the primitive motions in the developed database. The movement of catching a ball was examined in simulation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.693-710
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• 1998

This paper concerns studies on the shape formation of post-tensioned and shaped steel domes. The post-tensioned and shaped steel domes, assembled initially at ground level in an essentially flat condition, are shaped to a curved space form and erected into the final position by means of a post-tensioning technique. Based on previous studies on this shape formation principle, three post-tensioned and shaped steel domes have been constructed. The results of the shape formation tests and finite element analyses are reported in this paper. It is found that the first two test domes did not furnish a part-spherical shape as predicted by finite element analyses, because the movements of some mechanisms were not controlled sufficiently. With a revised post-tensioning method, the third dome obtained the theoretical prediction. The test results of the three post-tensioned and shaped domes have shown that a necessary condition to form a desired space shape from a planar layout with low joint stiffnesses is that the movements of all the existing mechanisms must be effectively controlled as indicated by the finite element analysis. The extent of the maximum elastic deformation of a post-tensioned and shaped steel structure is determined by the strength of the top chords and their joints. However, due to the semi-rigid characteristic of the top chord joints, the finite element analyses cannot give a close prediction for the maximum elastic deformations of the post-tensioned and shaped steel domes. The results of the current studies can be helpful for the design and construction of this type of structure.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2003

This paper introduces a constraint operator for the kinematic calibration of a parallel mechanism. By adopting the concept of a constraint operator, the movement between two poses is constrained. When the constrained movements are satisfied, the active joint displacements are taken and inputted into the kinematic model to compute the theoretical movements. A cost function is derived by the errors between the theoretical movement and the actual movement. The parameters that minimize the cost function are estimated and substituted into the kinematic model for a kinematic calibration. A single constraint plane is employed as a mechanical fixture to constrain the movement, and three digital indicators are used as the sensing devices to determine whether the constrained movement is satisfied. This calibration system represents an effective, low cost and feasible technique for a parallel mechanism. A calibration algorithm is developed with a constraint operator and implemented on a parallel manipulator constructed for a machining center tool.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.517-525
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• 2022

Objective: The rehabilitation protocols for functional recovery have been emphasized after total knee arthroplasty, and Pilates is in the spotlight as a safe and easily modified exercise method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mat Pilates exercise on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the individuals with total knee arthroplasty. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Eighteen older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty was recruited in the study. The subjects were evaluated on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking before and after mat Pilates exercise. All subject performed one hour mat Pilates exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Mat Pilates exercises were focused on core stability and lower extremity strengthening and, more dynamic movements were added to increase the difficulty of movements every two weeks. The lower extremity function was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee joint position sense, and five times sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was assessed by single leg stance test, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Walking was measured by OptoGait system to temporospatial parameter. Results: The lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking were significantly improved after mat Pilates exercise, except for five times sit-to-stand test (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the mat Pilates exercise was a useful method to improve lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2023

Most partial hand amputees experience limited wrist movement, which hinders the efficient functioning of upper limb, affecting hand-to-use coordination and the usability of the prosthetic hand. This limitation can lead to secondary musculoskeletal issues due to repetitive compensatory movement patterns. However, current partial hand prosthetic lack rotational wrist movement due to challenges in accommodating various hand shapes and limited space. In our study, we proposed a prosthetic hand with a wrist rotation module for partial hand amputees, aiming to reduce compensatory movement. To validate the proposed wrist rotation module, we conducted motion analysis during reach-to-grasp task. Furthermore, during the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, we evaluated both the effect on upper limb movement and the usability of the prosthetic hand, comparing configurations with and without the wrist rotation module. The results showed that the prosthetic hand equipped with rotational wrist movements reduces compensatory movements and promotes efficient upper limb movement patterns. This finding highlights the value of incorporating a wrist rotation module in prosthetic hands to improve upper limb movement for partial hand amputees.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 1988

The establishment of an optimal and functional condylar position (centric relation) as the therapeutic and diagnostic reference position during occlusal treatment for patients with temporomandibular joint and muscle pain. dysfunction has long been an important subject in dentistry. The objective of this study was to compare the reproducibility md the changes of condylar position in normal group to those in patient group after use of the occlusal biteplane splint. For this study, 11 normal adults who had no symptoms of masticatory dysfunction and 18 patients who had visited at the department of occlusion in dental infirmary of Yonsei University were selected. For each subject three centric relation records were recorded before treatment, after 2 weeks and after symptoms were improved. And the condylar positions in centric relation were measured using articulators and a Vericheck. On the basis of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. In normal group, there was no significant difference of reproducibility in condylar position before and after the use of the occlusal biteplane splint for 2 weeks. 2. In patient group there was significant improvement in the reproducibility of condylar position after treatment (P<0.01). The reproducibility in patient group, however, was less than normal group. (P<0.01) 3. The mean distance of condylar movements was $0.38{\pm}0.22mm$ after 2 weeks in normal group. 4. In patient group, condylar movements were $1.36{\pm}0.70mm$ (P<0.01), significantly different from normal group. (P<0.01) 5. In patient group, the main direction of condylar movements after treatment was toward anterior and superior, preponderance being at superior direction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 1991

To understand the biomechanics of the mandibular movement of the patients with T.M.J. disorder, it is necessary to analyze the mandibular movement by the least moving points of instantaneous center of rotation on computer screen. In this study, two subjects without T.M.J. disorder and with normal occlusion and few patients with T.M.J. disorder were selected for obtaining the processing data. The habitual opening and dosing movements were recorded by image recognition system of video and computer and then the mandibular movement and the least moving point were analyzed using computer program for image anaysis of specialized points. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The least moving points of control group during opening and dosing were dose to the mandibular foramen, but in the test group there were differences between two positions of the least moving points during opening and closing. 2. The variations of the least moving point were in the range of $0.02\sim0.05cm$ of X-coordinate and $0.07\sim0.10cm$ of Y-coordinate for control group, whereas in the range of $0.05\sim0.30cm$ of X-coordinate and $0.08\sim1.65cm$ of Y-coordinate for test group. 3. The index of variation during opening and dosing movements was shown in $0.8\sim1.0$ for the control group and in $0.56\sim2.6$ for the test group. 4. After the treatment of the test group No. 4 by occlusal splint the least moving point was dose to the mandibular foramen and the index of variation was changed from 25 to 05. 5. The tracing shape of the least moving point in the test group represented the irregularities compared to the control group. 6. The mandibular opening and dosing movements were simulated on the computer screen following the movement of the least moving point of instantaneous center of rotation.