• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.771-785
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• 2011

Most studies on the joint life insurance assume the lifetimes of insurers to be mutually independent; however, there have been various studies that illustrate the dependency of insurers' lifetimes. Subsequently, some approaches to model this type of dependency have been suggested. This paper proposes a joint dependent lifetime distribution for coupled lives under common environmental effect and applies the proposed model to the study of the joint life insurance. In addition, we investigate the effect of the false assumption of independent lifetimes when there exists dependency between the insurers' lifetimes assumed in this paper.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2014

We study the dependence between the insureds in multiple-life insurance contracts. With the future lifetimes of the insureds modeled as correlated random variables, both premium and reserve are different from those under independence. In this paper, Gaussian copula is used to impose the dependence between the insureds with Gompertz marginals. We analyze the change of the reserves of standard multiple-life insurance contracts at various dependence levels. We find that the reserves based on the assumption of dependent lifetimes are quite different for some contracts from those under independence as its correlation increase, which elucidate the importance of the dependence model in multiple-life contingencies in both theory and practice.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.175-198
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• 2006

Analyzing the effects of information technology(IT) in the life insurance Industry is important in establishing the direction for future information technology investment. In this research, the cost-elasticity of IT capital stock was measured by the SUR technique, using the second-order translog cost function, which was drawn out by a Taylor expansion of the multi-product joint cost function. Analysis was made based on data from 1991 to 2003 collected from 33 life insurance firms. The results show that although the effects of information technology investment vary according to individual life insurance firms, half of the life insurance firms surveyed reduced their costs by investing in information technology. The research also revealed that although large life insurance firms reduced their costs by investing in information technology medium & small life insurance firms and foreign ,life insurance firms increase their costs. Additionally, although both information capital and information labor increase as the information budget increases, the increase in information capital is larger than one in information labor. Because the price of information capital is decreased rapidly more than one of information-related labor.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.931-946
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• 2015

Many multiple life insurance products consider benefits that are contingent on the combined survival status of two lives. To value premiums of the insurance products accurately, we need to consider the impact of the survivorship of one life on another. To show a dependence relation between married couple, we calculate correlation coefficients by using married couples data from National Pension Service and the results show some positive dependence between them. Moreover, by analyzing the death after bereavement, we find a evidence that mortality rates increase after the death of a spouse and, in addition, that this phenomenon, the broken-heart syndrome, diminishes over time. The results of this study can support the method to calculate the premium of multiple life insurance reflecting more realistic joint mortality rates.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Purpose: This thesis study aimed to examine the effects of elastic-band resistance exercise on physical fitness, activities of daily living (ADLs), falls efficacy, and quality of life among older women receiving home nursing care under long-term care insurance. Methods: We used an equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. We assigned older women at the nursing care center J to the experimental group (n=21), and older adult women at the nursing care center H to the control group (n=21). The experimental group engaged in an elastic band resistance exercise twice per week from February 18 to April 12, 2019. Results: There were significant differences in the Short Physical Performance Battery score (t=4.15 p<.001), left grip strength (t=0.57, p<.569), right grip strength (t=1.38 p<.177), flexibility test scores (t=2.34, p<.024), ADLs (t=6.86, p<.001), falls efficacy (t=5.16, p<.001), and quality of life (t=3.87, p<.001). Grip strength was increased slightly in the experimental group, but the increase was not significant. Conclusion: Elastic band resistance exercise is an effective nursing intervention to enhance physical fitness, flexibility, ADLs, falls efficacy, and quality of life among older women receiving home nursing care under long term care insurance.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.620-632
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study purposed to survey the oral health-related quality of life among elderly in metropolis Methods : We had individual interviews and oral survey using a questionnaire with 336 elderly who were using seniors' centers in Metropolitan City during the period from the $9^{th}$ to $31^{st}$ of July, 2007. Results : Factors of GOHAI showed the significant relation with types of health insurance, a large number of medication, perceived oral health status, perception of dental care needs those with pains in the temporomandibular joint, the number of natural teeth and the explanatory power or the final model was 25.5%. Factors of OHIP-14 showed the significant relation with types of health insurance, a large number of medication, perception of dental care needs those with pains in the temporomandibular joint, gingival bleeding, the number of natural teeth and the explanatory power or the final model was 26.6%. Conclusions : Oral health-related quality of life among elderly as factors by general characteristics of study subjects, by perceived heath status and oral health status, perceived oral symptoms and oral health status that were relevant. Accordingly, for the healthy maintenance of elders' natural teeth, it is considered necessary to develop and execute continuous oral health management systems and oral health education programs that promote preventive activities and enhance the perception of oral health.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2024

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) can occur at any age, including childhood and adolescence, and pain-related TMDs can affect growth and quality of life. In the present study, recent trends in the diagnosis and treatment of TMDs in children and adolescents were analyzed over a 10-year period. Using 10 years of data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and Jeonbuk National University (JBNU) Dental Hospital, patients between 0 and 19 years of age diagnosed with K07.6 (temporomandibular joint disorders) were analyzed by 5-year bins. Both datasets indicated a higher prevalence in females (1.2-fold in HIRA, 1.5-fold in JBNU) and in ages 15 to 19 years (72.1% in HIRA, 74.7% in JBNU). HIRA reported a 42.3% increase in prevalence per 100,000 people, from 651.4 in 2011 to 927.0 in 2020. JBNU reported K07.66 (masticatory muscle disorders) as the most common diagnosis in subjects under 10 years of age and K07.60 (internal derangement of temporomandibular joint) in those over 10 years of age. In addition, both were treated mainly by a combination of physical therapy and medication, and the treatment rate increased in accordance with age. Because TMDs can affect various structures in the orofacial region and cause pain that tends to differ with age, an early and specific diagnosis appropriate for age is important for treatment. Therefore, pediatric dentists need to promptly recognize TMDs in children and adolescents and consult with specialists as the prevalence increases.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

After several collapse accidents of large structures in the early 1990s in Korea, the government enacted a law that architectural, engineering and construction firms are obliged to have insurance for projects over a certain size. Particularly, with regard to insurance in design and construction supervision works (i.e. engineering insurance), although several operation-based problems were pointed out from practitioners, still little research has been done on analyzing current regnlartory and operational state and suggesting policy alternatives. Hence, this study applies Delphi technique to solicit current operational problems and propose a series of improvements on engineering insurance based on interview surveys targeting major market participants: municipalities, engineering firms, and insurance companies. Key findings culminate in adopting guarantee limits based on credit evaluation, abrogating joint surety, covering a loss of life, increasing insurance entrance fee, extending time covered, and etc. Reaching a consensus on the proposed alternatives between the market participants will form the foundation for sound developments of construction design and engineering industry.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for shelf life and re-establish the shelf life in a hospital environment by investigating the validity periods of various packaging materials. Methods: We selected six departments to store sterilized items, prepared 482 sterilized items, and stored them for 12 months. Each sample was tested using a microbiological culture in the laboratory every two weeks. When the result was positive, the sample was considered contaminated. The temperature and relative humidity were measured using an automatic control system to investigate the storage environment during the study period. Results: Except for two samples, which were positive in the 22nd and 28th weeks, 480 samples were negative. The temperature and relative humidity of the sample storage area were measured every week. The annual average temperature was 23.6±1.6℃, and the mean relative humidity was 35.1±15.2%. The cabinets used in this study were the two-open and four-closed types. Conclusion: This study confirmed the validity of the expiration date in a hospital environment. Based on the results, the nonwoven fabric remained sterile for more than nine months. No case of contamination of the paper-plastic pouch packaging was observed, owing to the microbial culture for two months.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.355-367
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of the quality of life in community dwelling vulnerable older women with chronic joint pain. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 participants registered at a visiting health care service in the public health center of C-city. The structured questionnaire were used to collect data on the general characteristics, pain rating index, pain intensity, perceived health status, functional independence, sleep pattern, depression, and quality of life from February 16 to March 13, 2017. The data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The significant factors of the quality of life including general characteristics were depression (${\beta}=-.60$, p<.001), pain intensity scale (${\beta}=-.15$, p=.007), health insurance type (${\beta}=.15$, p=.001), perceived health status (${\beta}=.14$, p=.007), duration of pain (${\beta}=-.10$, p=.019), marital status (${\beta}=.10$, p=.024), and functional independence (${\beta}=.09$, p=.036). These factors accounted for 63.1% of the total variance in the quality of life. The findings suggest that a public healthcare program on managing depression is effective in improving the quality of life in community dwelling older women with chronic joint pain. Public health nurses should intervene in nursing care for economically vulnerable aged and pain management based on a precise assessment from the beginning of pain.