• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.704-715
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• 2014

This study was performed to examine attitude, perception, and sensory evaluation of Jjigae HMR (Home Meal Replacement) for Americans in the L.A. area. Attitude and perception of Jjigae were conducted by 128 consumers. The questions were as follows: 1) frequencies and attitude toward soup and stew, 2) experience and frequency of Korean food intake, 3) awareness of Korean Jjigae. A total of 69.5% of American had previous experience with Korean foods. However, the frequencies of Korean food intake were once every few months (27.4%) or once a year (18.9%). The 20.2% of consumers selected Kimchi-jjigae as the best-known Korean Jjigae, and 17.1% of consumers had previous experience with Kimchi-jjigae. However, the 23.7% of consumers did not have experienced with Jjigae. Sensory evaluation was conducted using Sundubu-jjigae and Kimchi jjigae. Overall liking and flavor liking were conducted by Americans using a nine-point scale (1: Dislike extremely - 9: Like extremely). The degree of intensity for sensory attribute was also rated using a nine-point Just-About-Right(JAR) scale (1: not nearly spicy/sour enough, 5: Just-About-Right, 9: too spicy/sour). Purchasing intention was rated using a five-point scale (1: Definitely would not purchase, 5: Definitely would purchase). Overall liking and flavor liking of two jjigae (Sundubu-jjigae & Kimchi-jjigae) had a value higher than five on the nine-point scale. The level of spiciness of Sundubu-jjigae was suitable for consumers whereas spiciness of Kimchi-jjigae was significantly different from the JAR value of five points on the nine-point JAR scale, showing that Kimchi-jjigae was significantly spicier than JAR point. Purchasing intention had a value higher than three on the five-point scale.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.560-572
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 시판되고 있는 가정간편식-국·탕·찌개류의 1인분 제공량 실태와 1인분 제공량당 영양평가를 실시하여 가공식품의 1회 섭취참고량 설정을 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 시장조사는 식품산업통계에서 국·탕·찌개류의 매출액이 많은 상위브랜드를 포함하여 인터넷, 편의점, 슈퍼, 대형마트에서 판매되는 제품을 대상으로 2021년 3월부터 8월까지 실시하였다. 총 370개의 제품을 조사하였으며, 유형별로 국 (129개), 탕 (132개), 찌개 (109개)의 총 3개의 유형으로 분류하였다. 실태 조사결과 국류의 72.9%, 탕류의 71.2%, 찌개류의 79.8%가 인분표시가 되어있었고, 국류의 89.2%, 탕류의 91.7%, 찌개류의 99.1%가 영양성분 표시가 되어있었다. 가정간편식-국·탕·찌개류의 1인분 제공량 당 영양평가는 인분표시와 영양성분이 모두 표시되어 있는 259개 (국 87개, 탕 86개, 찌개 86개)의 제품에 대하여 실시하였다. 1인분 제공량은 탕류가 평균 367.6 g으로 국류 (325.3 g)과 찌개류 (305.1 g)에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.001). 1인분 제공량 당 열량은 찌개류 (171.4 kcal)와 탕류 (162.3 kcal)가 국류 (90.8 kcal)에 비하여 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.001), 단백질 함량은 탕류 (16.3 g), 찌개류 (11.2 g), 국류 (8.1 g)의 순으로 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 1인분 제공량 당 나트륨 함량은 찌개류가 1,479.0 mg으로 국류 (1,073.3 mg)와 탕류 (959.8 mg)에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.001). 1인분 제공량 당 1일 영양성분기준치에 대한 기여율은 열량의 경우 3종 모두 평균 10% 미만, 단백질의 경우 15-30%의 범위로 나타난 반면, 나트륨의 경우 평균 50% 내외 (48-74%)의 높은 기여율을 보였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 조사된 가정간편식-국·탕·찌개류의 1인분 제공량과 1인분 제공량 당 영양평가는 가정간편식으로 제조되는 국·탕·찌개류의 유형별 1회 섭취참고량 설정의 필요성을 심도있게 논의하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2017

This study compared and analyzed the structures of cooking recipes in order to identify the overall cooking method and develop an efficient method for analyzing cooking recipes. We present procedural texts using a flow graph, which can be referred to as a recipe tree, to represent cooking recipes and the database. A total of 110 kimchi jjigae recipes were identified and classified as 'portion', 'kinds of ingredients', and 'number of cooking deployment'. Recipes for two persons were the most common (43.6%), and 7-13 kinds of ingredients accounted for 50% of kimchi jjigae recipes. Kimchi presented the highest frequency at 78 cases, and pork showed the high frequency at 30 cases. To identify cooking deployment, step 6 was the highest, followed by step 5 (17.3%), step 7 (17.3%), step 4 (11.8%), and step 3 (9.1%). When analyzing the frequency of the relationship between ingredients and action in a recipe expression, Food (F) and Action by the chef (Ac) showed the highest rates at 11.29 and 12.30, respectively, in the cooking process. For frequencies of dependency relation expression in recipes, d-obj (direct object) was the highest at 13.56. The proposed method provides users more efficient and easier access to recipes suitable for their cooking skills.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.510-519
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• 2019

본 연구는 국, 탕, 찌개류 HMR제품의 영양라벨을 분석하여 제품 선택 시 소비자에게 적합한 정보를 제공하며 국가 정책 수립 시 현황에 관한 기초자료를 제공하고자 진행되었다. 기존 연구에서 외식 및 급식메뉴의 나트륨 함량을 구하고 이를 비교한 연구는 다수 존재하나 가정간편식 제품의 영양성분을 비교한 연구는 드물다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 시판중인 국류 57개, 탕류 75개, 찌개류 44개로 총 176개의 국, 탕, 찌개류 HMR 제품의 영양라벨을 분석하였다. 제품의 메뉴 빈도에서 국류는 축하 또는 기념 등 목적이 있는 제품, 탕류는 동물성 단백질 위주의 식품, 찌개류는 대중적 제품이 다수를 차지하였다. 제품의 1포장단위당 중량 및 9가지 주요영양성분을 비교분석한 결과, 평균 나트륨 함량은 국류가 1558.5mg, 탕류가 1472.3mg, 찌개류가 2118.0mg으로 찌개류가 가장 높게 나타났다. 보관방법에 따른 분석결과 평균 나트륨 함량은 냉동($-18^{\circ}C$이하)가 2022.9mg, 냉장($-2{\sim}10^{\circ}C$)이 1676.7mg, 실온($1{\sim}35^{\circ}C$)이 1250.9mg순으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 HMR제품의 나트륨 저감화를 위해서는 찌개류와 냉동제품을 우선적으로 고려해야 하겠다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1958-1965
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• 2013

본 연구는 국가 식품영양성분 자료구축을 위하여 국내에서 유통되는 외식식품의 베타카로틴과 레티놀의 함량을 조사하고자 하였다. 조사된 시료는 강원도, 경기도, 경상도, 서울, 전라도, 충청도의 6개 지역에서 수거한 밥류(26종)와 국(탕) 및 찌개류(21종)를 대상으로 진행하였다. 조사된 모든 시료의 베타카로틴의 함량은 레티놀의 함량에 비하여 높게 분석되었으며, 레티놀의 함량은 대부분의 시료에서 0.000 ${\mu}g/100g$에 가까운 값을 나타내었다. 밥류 중 조사된 8종의 김밥류의 베타카로틴 함량은 100.496~754.869 ${\mu}g/100g$의 수준에서 분석되었으며, 일반 김밥류에 비하여 삼각김밥류의 베타카로틴과 레티놀의 함량이 다소 낮게 나타났다. 볶음밥류의 베타카로틴 함량은 28.933~404.338 ${\mu}g/100g$의 수준에서, 레티놀 함량은 2.679~33.970 ${\mu}g/100g$의 수준에서 분석되었다. 초밥류의 경우 베타카로틴 함량이 0.000~41.234 ${\mu}g/100g$으로, 레티놀 함량이 0.000~31.783 ${\mu}g/100g$으로 나타나 조사된 밥류 중에서 전반적으로 낮은 범위의 베타카로틴과 레티놀 함량을 나타내었다. 비빔밥의 베타카로틴과 레티놀 함량은 각각 200.091~489.867과 7.271~23.880 ${\mu}g/100g$의 범위에서 나타났다. 한편 국(탕) 및 찌개류의 베타카로틴 함량은 추어탕에서 346.261~843.947 ${\mu}g/100g$으로 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 찌개류의 경우 41.670~352.604 ${\mu}g/100g$의 범위에서, 국류는 7.886~211.932 ${\mu}g/100g$의 범위에서 분석되었다. 다음으로 경상도를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 동태찌개에서의 레티놀 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 전라도(26.446 ${\mu}g/100g$), 강원도(82.322 ${\mu}g/100g$), 경기도(131.708 ${\mu}g/100g$), 서울(182.480 ${\mu}g/100g$), 충청도(189.112 ${\mu}g/100g$)의 순으로 분석되었다. 도가니탕, 곰탕, 내장탕, 추어탕, 콩나물해장국에서는 레티놀이 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.608-614
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 관능특성이 다른 시판약주 4종과 우리나라 대표 안주로 여겨지는 6종의 동반음식간의 조화정도를 평가하고 동반음식 섭취에 따른 이들 약주 기호도의 변화를 파악하였다. 관능특성이 다른 약주와 6종의 동반음식 간의 유의적인 조화도의 차이가 파악되었으며 이들 동반음식의 섭취가 약주의 기호도에 전반적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 동반음식과 약주의 조화정도에 따른 기호도의 섭취 전 후의 일관된 변화 패턴은 파악되지 않았다. 향후 약주와 동반음식간의 조화정도와 기호도 개선을 위해서는 먼저 약주 뿐 아니라 동반음식의 향미 패턴도 정량적으로 분석하여 제품간의 향미패턴 차이에 따른 조화정도와 기호도 변화를 파악하여야 할 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용된 조화정도 척도의 경우 와인과 치즈의 조화도 평가에 대개 사용되는 것으로 향후 우리술의 평가에 적합한 척도의 개발이 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the salt-intake from meals that were served by an institutional foodservice establishment for a month. Meals (176) were classified into 12 food groups by CAN Pro 3.0. These consisted of bap 6, mandu 5, guk 29, jjigae 9, jjim 4, gui 8, jeon 5, bokeum 25, jorim 16, fried 7, namul 49, pickled 12. The average salt content of 100 g of each menu item was significantly higher in the order of pickled>jorim>bokeum>gui>namul>jeon>jjigae>jjim>fried. The average salt and sodium contents of 1 potion of menu item was significantly higher in the order of jjigae>mandu>guk>bap>jorim>pickled>bokeum>gui>fried>jjim>gimchi>namul>jeon. The average salt contents of kim-chijjigae (6.05 g), eggjorim (7.01 g), cooked namul (2.78 g) and salted pepperleaves (4.67 g) was higher than that of the other menu items served frequently in the establishment. The average intake of salt and sodium was 23.48 g (sodium 9,310 mg) a day, 7.35 g (sodium 2,960 mg) with breakfast, 7.55 g (sodium 2,990 mg) with lunch and 8.33 g (sodium 3,300 mg) with dinner. The daily salt intake was slightly higher than that of DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.503-523
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to select 30 representative Korean dishes by a systematic review of preferences and recognition of Korean foods. The papers for the review were located using the keywords 'hansik', 'hanguk eumsik' from DBpia, KISS, NDSL and RISS, and 18 relevant papers were finally short-listed. To analyze the preferences of Koreans and foreigners for Korean dishes, respondents were chosen from various regions such as Asia, Europe, South Pacific, Africa, and North/South America. A total of 4,053 respondents participated in the selected papers and Korean dishes were classified according to the content analysis based on books published by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). Among the main dishes, two kinds of cooked rice were selected, bibimbap and kimbap. Also, noodles, dumplings, and sliced rice cake soup varieties mul-naengmyeon, guksujangguk, mandu, and tteokguk were selected as main dishes. The side dishes selected included 6 kinds of soup, miyeokguk, yukgaejang, samgyetang, gomtang, seolleongtang, and galbi-tang. Other side dishes selected were six types of stews namely doenjang-jjigae, kimchi-jjigae, sundubu-jjigae, haemultang, maeuntang, and dakbokkeum-tang. Three kinds of grilled side dishes selected were bulgogi, galbi-gui, and samgyeopsal-gui. Galbi-jjim was selected in the category of braised or steamed foods. Tteokbokki and japchae were the stir-fried food selected. Pan-fried foods and fried foods selected included a kind of haemul-pajeon and dak-gangjeong respectively. Seasoned vegetables selected were samsaek-namul including gosari-namul, sigeumchi-namul and doraji-namul. Two kinds of baechukimchi and kkakdugi were selected as kimchies, and sikhye was selected in the category of beverages and teas. These results could be used as selection criteria in developing recipes for representative Korean menus.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.416-426
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to investigate the perception and preference of chungkukjang in the middle school students under school meal service. For the investigation, 538 third-grade students in Seoul area were surveyed by a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by the SAS package. The result showed that 81.3% of the surveyed students responded the awareness of chungkukjang, and the motives of their interest in chungkukjang were through home education(60.0%) and mass communication(30.9%). Most students recognized that chungkukjang is the soybean fermented food, healthy food and Korean traditional food. 33.8% of students responded that chungkukjang jjigae served at the school meal service was not tasty. It also revealed that male students had more preference for chungkukjang jjigae than female students. Among the 22 kinds of new chungkukjang menu served at the school meal service in the future, 10 kinds of menu (chungkukjang samgeobsal gui, samgeobsal chungkukjang bockum, chungkukjang sauce dakk gui, chungkukjang dongasmali, chungkukjang sogogi janggug, chungkukjang kimchi bokgumbab, chungkukjang bajirak kalguksu, chungkukjang kimchi buchim, chungkukjang sangsun gut, chungkukjang bibimbab) were highly preferred foods by male students. Therefore, in order to make middle school students take the chungkukjang foods with pride by increasing their perception and knowledge of them, the family should give them many opportunities to eat chungkukjang foods. The school also should try to use more chungkukjang foods in the school meal service, and try to improve in cooking process to make more tasty chungkukjang foods fur teenagers.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.782-790
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to develop menu for tofu, which will satisfy a variety of needs of people by harmonizing tofu and other ingredients. Methods: In the present study, the standard recipes were made for tofu menu development by improving the existing recipes like Dubu-seon, Dubu-kimchi, Dubu-jeongol, and Sundubu-jjigae (soft tofu stew). Based on newly developed recipes, the nutritional analysis was conducted using the analyzing program of the Korean Nutrition Society (CAN-Pro 4.0). Food styling was devised considering the shape and color of plates, layout, and color harmony. Table design was devised empirically employing tablecloth, napkin, dinnerware, glasses, cutlery, centerpiece, and figures. Results: Food styling of Dubu-seon was devised by improving the visual aspect, using Korean traditional five cardinal colors. It turns out that the improvised version of Dubu-seon (prepared following the new recipe) can satisfy 15.1% of amount of recommended dietary fiber intake per day for both male and female adults. In case of Dubu-kimchi, the dish was developed as a one-dish meal by supplementing protein and improving food styling. Beef was added in a form of a meatballs which is especially preferred by children. However, the amount of salt was reduced due to the strong and spicy taste of kimchi itself, resulting in 32% of daily intake of sodium. Dubu-jeongol was also improvised by reducing protein content, and more vegetables were added. Food styling was also improved. Concerning Sundubu-jjigae, protein was supplemented by addition of mushrooms rather than the existing way of adding shellfish. The sodium content was 133.88 mg, which is merely 10% of daily intake. Conclusion: With the new developments in tofu menus, new food styling, and table design, this study aims to contribute towards the rise in sales in the food service industry in terms of being used as basic and critical data.