• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-160
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• 2005

On the subjects of the female adults in their 20s who love to wear jeans, the wearing reality of basic jean pants and engineered jean pants was examined while pattern comparison and the evaluation of appearance and functions were made to reach the following conclusions: 1. Wearing reality of engineered jean pants Among the examined subjects, 74.8% were found out to favor engineered jean pants. Those who have engineered jean pants turned out to pursue well-known brands more than practicality. 2. Pattern comparison analysis of basic jean pants and engineered jean pants Though similar sizes existed in pants tips and belt width, engineered jean pants showed bigger values in waist circumference, crotch circumference, hip circumference, knee circumference, thigh circumference and so on. There were no big differences in the front part except for the items like crotch circumference and crotch length, but engineered jean pants had bigger sizes in the rear part. Engineered jeans in the rear contained the outward curved silhouette of the legs, curved tips, and a dart design instead of a back yoke. 3. Evaluation of appearance and functions In the scores of appearance, basic jean pants were higher at 3.65 in the order of front > side > back. On the contrary, engineered jean pants were excellent in the order of side > back > front. In the items of functions, engineered jean pants were higher at 4.23 in the order of hips > thighs> waist > abdomen > knee > crotch. On the other hand, basic jean pants showed the order of knee > crotch & thighs > abdomen > hips > waist. In every movement, engineered jean pants revealed higher functionality. In particular, the bigger physical movement led to the greater functional differences between the two kinds of jean pants.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2013

This study compares the trend analysis for characteristics of design from 2007 to 2011. According to analyzed results for each year's jean fashion, the 2007's aesthetic feature was a unified and simple design. From 2008 to 2010, the design features were various and rich, and features of 2011 were defined by simplicity with diversity. S/S season's feature were more diverse and balanced than the F/W season. Particularly, washing techniques represent a distinct skill, regardless of season. An analysis of each collection showed that the Paris collection had different and diverse forms; however, it was gorgeous to enjoy the design of a young sense in Milano. London's jean fashion was pale, light, and a dull tone. New York's jean fashion presented a young and practical value to catch other's eyes. There is a need to increase and increase the expectations of customer desire and the high value-added jean fashion industry. New ideas need to be developed for varieties of design and expression of techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

Jean Paul Gaultier, debuted in 1970's and referred to as a bad boy in Paris fashion industry with his abnormal and ingenious ideas such as skirts for men, underwear outfit, etc, is a leading fashion designer. This study nay find its meaning from the fact that this study defines how the voluptuous beauty, one of the figurative beauties inherent in Jean Paul Gaultier's design, expresses in the movie costume and understands the world of the designer's fashion to provide a foundation to fashion designers who are looking for a new area where they can actively involve in. For the study, the 'The Fifth Element (1997)', in which the voluptuous beauty, Jean Paul Gaultier's representative figurative beauty, is fully revealed, and also it is his latest movie he participated in as costume designer, was selected and costume design is analyzed using DVD screen capture program. Also, this study reviewed his design with his collections from 1997 when he was invited to Haute Couture and began to actively perform his works down to date and also referred to numerous materials, fashion magazines, movie magazines, Internet data and etc. From the results of analyzing Jean Paul Gaultier collections, firs, the beauty he is pursuing is projected broadly in three types- the voluptuous beauty from clothing innovation, the voluptuous beauty from unpolished nature, the voluptuous beauty from exposure. Second, the movie ${\ulcorner}$The Fifth Element${\lrcorner}$ is well revealed the world of Jean Paul Gaultier's art presenting visual amusement and variety of attractions. Finally, the results of analyzing costume by characters say that the clothing innovation and the voluptuous beauty from exposure on Leeloo's costume, the voluptuous beauty from exposure on Korben Dallas's costume, the voluptuous beauty from unpolished nature on Zorg and Ruby Rhod's costumes are well shown respectively.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1063-1071
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• 2006

Fetishism, which has been a taboo for a long time, is stimulating the modem people's emotions by being reborn as a fashion trend by a number of designers like Jean Paul Gaultier, Vivienne Westwood and Claud Montana. Especially, Jean Paul Gaultier, called the bad boy of the fashion industry, is leading the Paris fashion world by expressing his unique fetish elements with his fantastic and uncommon ideas-males' wearing of skirts, wearing underwear like outer garments. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating how his fetishism is shown in his works, understanding his fetish fashion world in the modem fashion and offering a new stepping-stone for fashion designers to actively participate in new fashion areas. Its results are as follows. First, it was found that the sensual designer Jean Paul Gaultier has been expressing his unique fetish elements in his collections like the following three styles of fetishism-fetishism by physical emphases, fetishism by items, fetishism by material. Second, the symbols of voluptuous beauty reflecting his own fetishism could be found in his movie costumes, license areas and given plots. Third, the work describing Jean Paul Gaultier's fetishism as a fetish image with the concept of Fantasy of Missing was evaluated as a successful work to express an internal sexual desire.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.189-201
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• 2007

Contemporary young people reveal their own personal values through the fashion that creates visual looks. Since 2000s began, young generations who are self-centered, value their own personality and constantly seek for changes form the main axis of fashion. In particular, the lower half of the body that has begun to be exposed outward has become the region that they want to expose as more ideal region than the upper half of the body. Further, young generations always have interest in fashion, and female college students in their early 20s are regarded as the group that values the aspects of pleasure that involve clothes and tends to seek sensibility when purchasing clothes. With this background, this study aims to examine how the styles that apply to modern fashion and recent vogues are evaluated with a focus on skinny jean from jean pants styles preferred by female college students. Materials regarding theoretical background and photos were collected from fashion related magazines at home and abroad and from the Internet websites. Questionnaires were surveyed for 160 female college students aged 20 or 25 who live in Seoul, and the results show as follows: Many female college students enjoy skinny jean and follow the fashion. However there are consumers who cling to their own styles even in the fashion of skinny jen. Ironically, some consumers wear it although they consider it as an item that does not fit Koreans: they tend to consider perspectives from others rather than their own preferences. For example, they wear it in order to show it to their boy friends or because they want themselves to look slim. In addition consumers seem to use Dongdaemun Shopping Mall or Internet shopping malls that provide various and low-priced items rather than to use high-priced famous products. It is considered that this result is shown as above because the scope of the study was restricted to female college students in their 20s. Accordingly, it is suggested that further studies should extend their subjects to wider range of ages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.573-585
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• 1996

This study of counter-culture - the cultural background of the Jean Fashion of which express the consciousness and youthfulness of young - shows the various social, cultural developments and the direction of growth for the Jean industry Until now, the fashion trends flowed from the elite, upper-class minority to the general public : however, in the case of the Jean Fashion, it has spread inversely to the upper-class from the young people who have adopted the life-styles of the lower, middle class, working people. With the emphasis on Jean Fashion's establishment through and within a counter- culture influences, the first chapter explores the counter-culture's background theory and how fashion has metamorphisized within the counter-culture. The second chapter explores the image of the jeans within the society of the youth and the general public. Finally in the fourth chapter, this study divides the images of Jean Fashion within the youth and the general population into classifications of Feminism, Eroticism, Dismantlementation. Thus, 1 came to the conclusion that the above stated theories have had great influence on the Jean Fashion Industry. The conclusion of this study are as follows: 1 Jeans are the representative article of clothing of unisex appeal which is the core characteristic of Feminism. Feminism, which surfaced coincidentally with the emergence of jeans in the 1850s, took charge of expressing the freedoms and the wills of women. 2. Jeans, being the representative article of Eroticism, have firmly entrenched its image in the young people's wardrobe through mass media such as movies, $\mu$ic, and commercials. 3. In the 90s the tendencies of Defacement and Dismantlementation of Jeans developed. In the Dismantlement tendencies of colors, the color blue foretells of the century's coming to an end, and blue also expresses the superiority of spirit and intelligence which transcends materialism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

The surrealism art form comes from the world of unconsciousness. Based on its expression of the world of imaginary, it boldly demonstrates the arrangement and the forms of contradicted objects and the development of collage, montage, and protage techniques in the works which had a big influence on the growth of the modern art. The ideology and the modeling characteristics shown in the surrealism had various expressive forms and meanings in the modern compound expression and it grew out of the former standarlized forms and brought diversity and individuality based on the sensibility of the new avant-garde art form and showed great potential as it presented harmony in the multiple forms of art. The purpose of the research was to analyze the influences that were put on the surrealistic fashion art works and the works of the representative designer, Jean Paul Gotie. The characteristics of Jean Paul Gotie's surrealistic fashion comes from destruction, sexual image, and the mixture of heterogeneous. It is evident that the surrealistic fashion went beyond certain groups of avant-gardists' salvation of the world and were put to practice use, reaching out to the ordinary consumers. This was resulted from the revolutionary movement called, "anti-mode van fashion" led by Gotie. The surrealistic style will be led by various techniques and trends and developed through new characteristics in multiculture merged with various fashion styles.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.23-34
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• 2006

Graffiti has been recognized as an art form since the influence of free, black culture and Neo-Expressionism in the 1980s, though Graffiti remains the subject of controversy both inside and outside the school Modem Art. Jean Michel Basquiat is the most famous Graffiti artist of the '80. He was regarded as the genius and star of American art, leaving a lot of experimental and creative works during his short, 9-year, creative period. In his works, Basquiat well expressed the isolated and dark shadows in the U.S., the pursuit of self identification, the purpose of expression and the epochally social phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of Jean Michel Basquiat's Graffiti to fashion painting. To achieve this purpose, we present a lot of fashion painting works which apply Jean Michel Basquiat's Graffiti by focusing on autographic experience, racialism, cartoon themes, monely value, and anatomical death in the characteristics of Basquiat's works. Through this process, we can express and apply Basquiat's Graffiti to fashion painting by analogizing the themes and modeling the methods of his works, such as childish and simple features, intentionally wrong spellings and sentences, and symbols of death including skeletons, intestines, bones and teeth. In addition, Basquiat's techniques are examined in this study, including the representational handling of a brush, primitive and strong colors, and maximized shape. This study found that fashion painting can juxtaposes art and fashion by expressing Jean Michel Basquiats' Graffiti.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.577-586
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• 2012

This research was focused on jean jacket and jean pant design characteristics in the collection. To offer a basic proposal for the development of jean jackets and pants, pictures of fashion web pages from 2007 to 2011 were used, and data were analysed by the usage of the frequency and percentage of the SPAW Statistics 18. The results of the research were as follows. Men's jackets were mainly medium in length with a tetragonal silhouette and simple detail. On the contrary, women's jackets were mainly of an X silhouette, short in length, and with varied details. Men's jean pants were mainly represented by a straight, comfortable silhouette while women's jean pants were characterized by a variety of silhouettes, fit, and lengths.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.155-168
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• 2011

This study aims at analyzing the Mix & Match fashion trend expressed in the Ready to Wear collections shown in 27 collections of 3 designers(Alexander McQueen, Jean Paul Gaultier, Comme des Gar$\c{c}$ons) over the past five years from 2007S/S to 2011S/S, and the results are as follows. 1) The characteristics were a combination of past and modern, the past and past prominent fashions combined at a different time, these styles and details were seen in Alexander McQueen's collection. 2) The properties of combination were expressed as a clash of cultures, such as East and West or African and European. 3) The characteristics of the combinations were expressed by differences in purpose, such as outer garments or underwear. 4) Artistic combinations of Mixing & Matching happen through a component confusion of art and garments. 5) The characteristics of Mixing & Matching fashion were expressed in images, especially in the case of Jean Paul Gaultier.