• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1958

Durlng various experiments and investigations with antigrowth virus, I studied especially the infective and antiinfective process of it in small animals, and have got following results: 1. The rabbits are easily infected with this virus, having following five stages; incubation period of 2 to 3 days, stage of fever for 2 to 4 day, transient anemic stage, transient fcteric stage and stage of lasting iron-precipitation in the spleen. 2. According to the appearance of icteruis, I have divided the rabbits into following three groups, the first gorup, weighting less than 1000g, died after appearance of icterus, the second group, weighting 1000 to 1500 g. recoy ered after appearance of icterus, and the third group, weighting more than 1500 g. recovered without the appearance of jaundice. 3. In hematological study, marked decrease in R. B. C. and Hb were recognized but various leucocytes except lymphocytes slightly increased. 4. In pathological study, the spleen exhibited marked swelling with abundent blood and indistinct border between trabeculae and pulps at the initial stage of icterus and notable atrophy at the end stage of it. There are few iron-cells in the spleen histologically at the initial stage, but they increased in number with granuar appearance at the end stage. In the first group of rabbits above mentionel, the iron-cells increase suddenly with the death of animal and show diffuse precipitation of iron. The liver and indey have defferent aspects in proportion to icterus. If icterus appears, they show markel changes with turbidity and necrosis, but without icterus they present only slight changes. 5. The neutralining antibody is easily proved in the immunized rabbits for about one year. 6. The passive immunity has the defense immunability until 10\ulcorner 7. Gunia pigs are easily infected with this virus and get the immunity. On fowls this virus can be kept in the blood for about ten days by various inoculating methods, and the fowls obtain the defensive ability by reinoculation, but are unable to succeed this ability from generation to generation. 8. when young swine are infected with this virus, their growth are disturbed and result in atrophied swine. It is therofor presumed that the etiology of the antigrowth of these atrophied swine is similar morphological and functional changes observed in the above rabbits.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2000

This is a case report of a 5-month-old male who was brought in to hospital for evaluation of jaundice from birth. The baby had a history of ileal atresia operated 2 days after birth. At the age of one month, Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed at other hospital and reported to show good hepatic uptake of the tracer but no uptake in the biliary tree, gall bladder, or intestine for 24 hours post injection. He was judged to have biliary atresia. However, subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed that the hepatobiliary tree appeared intact and that there was a gall bladder. Additionally, the patient had central aorto-pulmonary shunt for the right ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis of a peripheral type at the age of 4 months. The second hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed on admission at the age of 5 months, showing a gall bladder but no intestinal uptake up to 24 hours. Retrospectively, the histological specimen of the liver obtained at the exploratory laparotomy was re-evaluated, and by the histological findings coupled with clinical data, arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome) was diagnosed. In this report, we emphasize the diagnostic limitation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and the importance of overall clinical and histologic evaluation in a case of Alagille's syndrome.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2009

면역증진기능성 식품으로서 자작나무 수액의 개발 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 자작나무로부터 채취한 수액을 동결건조하여 이를 수컷 ICR mouse에 경구 투여한 후 탄소제거시험과 부동시간 측정을 통해 면역증진 효과를 살펴보았다. 탄소제거능 시험에서 500 mg/kg B.W.의 용량으로 자작나무 수액 동결건조물을 투여하였을 때 멸균생리식염수만을 투여한 대조군에 비해 유의성있는 (p<0.05) 탐식지수(phagocytic index)의 증가가 있었으며, 강제수영 부하시험(FST) 결과 부동시간(immobility time)은 2주간 500 mg/ kg B.W의 용량으로 시험물질을 투여한 동물에서 대조군의 부동 시간과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 125, 250, 500 mg/kg의 용량으로 6주간 투여한 동물에서 대조군 보다 부동 시간이 감소하였다. 특히 250, 500 mg/kg 용량 투여군에서 통계적으로 유의한(p<0.05) 부동시간의 감소가 관찰되었으며, 혈액학적 검사결과 백혈구계 세포 수의 증가를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2004

Geniposide and its related iridoid compounds have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thε treatment of Jaundice hepatic diseases and various inflammatorys. For the purpose to increase trandsdermal absorption, the hydrolyzed products of Gardeniae Furctus were identified and assayed of active ingredients and investigated trandsdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effects. Geniposide was hydrolyzed to genipin by ${\beta}-glucosidase$ and it was suggested that genipin was more suitable form than geniposide for transdermal absorption by its lipophilic property. Using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse, the permeation rate of hydrolyzed products and their emulsion preparation were determined. Genipin have more increased absorption ratio through the skin of hairless mouse than geniposide. Also, the emulsion of hydrolyzed products of extracts showed higher permeability than that of nonhydrolyzed preparations. After 9 hours $280.85\;{\mu}g/cm^2$ of genipin was absorbed and $193.52\;{\mu}g/cm^2$ in case of geniposide. The Js of geniposide and genipin were $26.27{\pm}4.11\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$ and $40.35{\pm}5.04\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$ respectively. After carrageenan injection, the swelling was increased repidly to 24 hr and maintained as plateau. but emulsion group weer reached about 2.5 mL and the swelling decreased successively form 24 hr to 72 hr. The anti-inflammation effects of extracts and hydrolyzed products emulsion were increased with significant difference with control group after 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr. In carrageenan induced edema, inhibition of swelling was increased in case of hydrolyzed product emulsion compare with nonhydrolyzed group at 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after swelling. In histological study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed products were remarkable at 48 hr and 72 hr compare with nonhydrolyzed. Hydrolyzed products of Gardeniae Fructus extracts containing genipin would be a suitable preparation to increase the transdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effects.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. In this study, antimicrobial effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts on the food poisoning bacteria were investigated for further clinical application, which is an alternative for the use of antibiotics and their unexpected resistance. Artemisia capillaris extract using ethyl acetate showed the highest antimicrobial effects on S. enteritidis, E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The chloroform extract showed strong effects on all kinds of bacteria; whereas ethanol and methanol extracts showed weaker effects. Finally, ether and water extracts showed the weakest effects under the same conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract was 1 mg/mL for E. coli O157 : H7 and L. monocytogenes, and 2 mg/mL for S. enteritidis and S. aureus. The inhibitory effects on all the bacteria continued for 12 hours after incubation using 20 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The inhibitory effects continued maximally for 72 hours. The results of these studies indicate Artemisia capillaris extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial and inhibitory effects on the food poisoning pathogenic bacteria; S. enteritidis, E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. This experiment was conducted to investigate cytotoxic effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts on the Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 cancer cells on in vitro experimental tests. On in vitro tests using MTT assay and SRB assay, the extracts showed prominent cytotoxic effects on the two kinds of cancer cell lines, respectively. Antihumor effects appeared in the concentration of over $250{\mu}g/mL$ of both ethanol and ethyl acetate extract, over $500{\mu}g/mL$ of methanol extract, over $5000{\mu}g/mL$ in water extract and over 50% cytotoxicity on the Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180. The results suggest that Artemisia capillaris extracts have prominent cyotoxic effects on the cancer cell lines Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.489-496
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• 1995

Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis(Compositae) has been used for jaundice, hepatitis, diuretic and liver cirrhosis etc. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) has been used as a model compound to study mechanisms of intrahepatic cholestasis in laboratory animals as rat and mouse. The purposes of present study are to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis water extract(AMWE) on alterations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, protein, albumin and A/G ratio levels in serum, of histopathological appearances of liver, and that of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents. Increased serum triacylglycerol levels by ANIT were significantly decreased with AMWE. However, AMWE posttreatment aggravated ANIT-induced cholesterol increase. Serum total protein and albumin contents, and A/G ratio were decreased in all ANIT-treated groups, and there were increased compared with control by AMWE posttreatment. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents were decreased in either AMWE and ANIT treatment, which greatly increased with AMWE pretreatment. On the other hand, in histological findings, our results shown that ANIT induced increase of lipid droplets and widening of sinusoidal capillary and these phenomena were disappeared with AMWE treatment. In conclusion, AMWE have choleresis effect. Also, AMWE improved lipid metabolism, protection and regeneration of hepatocytes in ANIT-induced cholestasis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.481-488
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• 1995

In oriental folk medicine, Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis(Compositae) has been used for jaundice, hepatitis, diuretic and liver cirrhosis etc. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) has been used for more than 20 years as a model compound to study mechanisms of intrahepatic cholestasis in laboratory animals as rat and mouse. Various biochemical and morphological changes including biliary epithelial and parenchymal cell necrosis occur in the liver of animals treated with ANIT. The purposes of present study are to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis water extract(AMWE) on alterations of secretion volume and total bile acids level in bile juice, and that of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, and glucose levels in rat. AMWE stimulated bile secretion and recovered ANIT-induced cholestasis. Bile acid concentrations increased to more than 60% compared with normal by ANIT, which were returned toward normal value with AMWE treatment. Serum AST and ALT activities were increased by ANIT and yet which were significantly decreased with AMWE treatment. In addition, this effect was apparent in AMWE pretreatment group. Serum glucose levels were increased with AMWE and ANIT, while were decreased compared with control in AMWE posttreatment group. Increased serum total bilirubin contents and ALP activities by ANIT were significantly decreased with AMWE posttreatment. In conclusion, AMWE exerted bile acid-independent choleresis effect and then improved to normal conditions ANIT-induced cholestatic syndromes. Also, AMWE have protective and regenerative effect of hepatocytes in rat.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2003

Herbal remedies are enjoying a growing popularity in the world. But, we still pay few attention to the potential hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies, and there are only a few reports about that. We recently experienced a case of drug induced hepatitis caused by ingestion of Dyctamnus dasycarpus, one of herbs used for dermatologic disorders. The patient, a 38 year old woman, was admitted due to jaundice after ingestion of some herbal mixture containing Dyctamnus dasycarpus to treat her atopic dermatitis for 4 months. Other possible causes of liver injury were excluded by laboratory test and imaging studies, and we could find a report on similar cases caused by ingestion of Dyctamnus dasycarpus. During conservative treatment, elevated liver enzyme and total bilirubin level slowly returned to normal value. This case stresses the need to warn the potential hepatotoxicity of Dyctamnus dasycarpus, especially for a long time ingestion. So we suggest the necessity of toxicology screen at regular intervals during long time ingestion of herbal medicine, and further evaluation of the safety and toxicity of Dyctamnus dasycarpus.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2002

구토, 심한 보챔, 고열, 복수를 동반한 복부 팽만 등 급성 복막염의 양상을 보인 10개월 된 여아에서 복부 천자 후 담즙성 복막염 의심하에 $^{99m}Tc$ DISIDA 간담도 스캔을 시행하여 진단된 총 담관낭의 자연 천공에 의한 담즙성 복막염 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.