• Title/Summary/Keyword: japan

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Rapidly Increasing Prevalence of Obesity and Their Confident Determinants in Korea

  • Lee, Jung-Su;Kawakubo, Kiyoshi;Park, Chun-Man;Akabayashi, Akira
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2006

  • Objectives: The 2003 WHO/FAO technical report described that Korea has largely maintained its traditional high-vegetable diet despite major social and economic changes, and had lower than expected levels of obesity prevalence than other industrialized countries. However, the prevalence of obesity in Korea has recently been rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to elucidate the determinants of this rapid growth of obesity prevalence in Korea and to compare the results of national nutrition surveys between Korea and Japan. Methods: The trends of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Korea instituted every 3 years and that in Japan conducted every year were compared. The results of obesity prevalence defined as more than 25 of the Body Mass Index, the percentage of habitual exercisers and the results of the nutritional surveys were examined from 1992 to 2005 in Korea and from 1992 to 2004 in Japan. Results: The prevalence of obesity in males has been gradually increasing in both Korea and Japan since 1992. Though until 1995 the prevalence of obesity in the Korean male population was less than that in Japan, after 1998 Korea surpassed Japan and a markedly increasing trend was observed. In females, the increasing trend of obesity was slower than males in both Korea and Japan. However, the prevalence of obesity was much higher in Korea compared with that in Japan. The percentage of exercisers was much lower in Korea than in Japan. Although, the definition of an exerciser varies with the survey year in Korea and is different from that in Japan, almost 70% of the population was not regularly engaging in moderate or hard intensity exercise in Korea. From 1995, the total energy intake was increased by 9.8% in Korea but it was decreased by 6.9% in Japan. Presently, the energy intake per capita per day in Korea exceeded that in Japan. Remarkable increases in the intake of meat and poultry, vegetable oils and fats, and milk and dairy products were observed in Korea from 1995 to 2005. On the other hand, these values decreased during the same period in Japan. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in Korea is increasing and has surpassed that of Japan. The current trends could be attributed to the low prevalence of habitual exercisers, and an increase in energy intake and the proportion of energy intake from fat.

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Overseas Expansion Support to Small and Medium Enterprises: The Case of Japan and Germany (중소기업 해외진출지원에 관한 연구: 일본과 독일의 지원정책사례를 중심으로)

  • Koji, Yoshimoto;Bae, Il-Hyun
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2015

  • Purpose - This research analyzes overseas expansion support systems for small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Japan. Germany and Japan have developed overseas expansion support policies for such enterprises. The study then explores the implications for Korea and its local governments. Research design, data, and methodology - We did a comparative analysis of Japan and Germany and their support for overseas expansion of small and medium companies. Data were mainly collected from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the Germany Trade and Invest (Germany) agency through statistics and literature surveys, and analysis studies. Results - First, human resources cultivation and funding support policies, which both Germany and Japan use as part of small- and medium-sized enterprise policies, should be modified to Korean circumstances and to reflect its own small- and medium-sized enterprise support needs. Second, both the German policies that support overseas expansion of small- and medium-sized enterprises and those of Japan's include the philosophy and methods that put an emphasis on these enterprises, despite the fact that there are big differences in the overseas policies in these two countries. Third, German and Japanese governments are embracing the idea that small- and medium-sized enterprises are key to their national economies and implementing policies based on the ratio occupied by these enterprises in the domestic consumption or GDP. In other words, Germany and Japan consider small- and medium-sized enterprises as central to their nation's industry, and assess them as economic industry that should definitely exist for the continued survival of big businesses, and not just as merely supplemental to big business. Fourth, whereas Germany emphasizes support to product exhibition in its overseas expansion support policies, Japan is providing integrated support containing foreign direct investment to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Fifth, there are differences in the overseas expansion support in Germany and Japan in terms of their support to big business. Whereas Germany considers support to big business unnecessary, Japan is implementing active support policies to areas corresponding to big business. Korea will have to benchmark the policies of Germany and Japan, and decide whether or not to give full support to small- and medium-sized enterprises, while excluding areas supporting big business. Conclusions - Based on this analysis of German and Japanese overseas expansion support policies, we need to choose the policies that will engender a solid outcome and derive modified policies for the circumstances of Korea. Additionally, we can use the comparison of the overseas support policies of Japan and Germany to choose small- and medium-sized enterprise overseas expansion support policies for Korea. However, we cannot provide specific overseas support policies by industry. This point will be referenced as a limitation of this study. In future research, we expect that some researchers will take an empirical approach to exploring Korean overseas expansion support through collecting cases of overseas support policies and interviewing policy authorities.

  • https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.13.6.201507.53 인용 PDF

The Competitiveness of Korea-China-Japan agricultural products and Korea-China FTA Agricultural Trade impacts (한·중·일 농산물 경쟁력과 한·중 FTA 농산물 교역량증가 효과)

  • Nam, Kuk-Hyun;Li, Tianguo
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.71-83
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    • 2018

  • This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of agricultural products in Korea, China and Japan and the effect of increasing imports from Korea and China. and then we discussed how to cooperate in the agricultural trade field between the three countries. The results are summarized as follows. First, The intra-industry trade of agricultural products was the most active in Korea and China, followed by the intra-industry trade index between Korea and Japan. The intra-industry trade between China and Japan were the lowest. Second, The mutual complementarity of agricultural products trade between Korea, China and Japan is mostly high. Among them, Korea and Japan are the highest, while Japan and China have the lowest complementarity. Third, it was found that in tariff elimination, imports of rice and meat products increased the most, while the import growth rate of green tea, meat products and ginseng increased the most. Finally, the three countries in Korea, China, and Japan can consider the way to increase the trade of agricultural products in the region by internalizing the trade of complementary items while maintaining a constant level of production of mutually competitive products.

  • https://doi.org/10.12653/jecd.2018.25.2.0071 인용 PDF