• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.290-294
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• 2002

The present work describes the improvement of an erythritol-producing strain to lower the formation of glycerol, which is a characteristic by-product of the strain and could cause difficulties in the recovery and purification of the final product. The yeast-like fungi Moniliella suaveolens var. nigra, isolated previously in the same laboratory from beehives, was mutated by exposing it to a 4 g/L NTG solution. From a total of 2000 mutated strains, Em6j30-14 was selected as the one having the most desirable properties. Cultivating the strain for seven days in 300 mL flasks containing 30 mL of a 400 g/L glucose medium resulted in an erythritol yield of 43%. The glycerol yield was 5%, which is a value 50% lower as compared with the wild type. However, attempts to reproduce the above results in a 5L-fermenter failed, resulting in a similar erythritol concentration but a much higher formation of glycerol. Possible reasons for such a different behaviour could be oxygen limitation or the aggregation of cells, but the exact mechanism could not yet be identified. Foam formation, which is another major problem in large-scale fermentation, tended to be much lower for the mutant strain.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.21-59
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• 2020

Let L_K denote the hypothetical automorphic Langlands group of a number field K. In our recent study, we briefly introduced a certain unconditional non-commutative topological group ${\mathfrak{W}}{\mathfrak{A}}{\frac{\varphi}{K}}$, called the Weil-Arthur idèle group of K, which, assuming the existence of L_K, comes equipped with a natural topological group homomorphism $NR{\frac{\varphi}{K}^{Langlands}}$ : ${\mathfrak{W}}{\mathfrak{A}}{\frac{\varphi}{K}}$ → L_K that we called the "Langlands form" of the global nonabelian norm-residue symbol of K. In this work, we present a detailed construction of ${\mathfrak{W}}{\mathfrak{A}}{\frac{\varphi}{K}}$ and $NR{\frac{\varphi}{K}^{Langlands}}$ : ${\mathfrak{W}}{\mathfrak{A}}{\frac{\varphi}{K}}$ → L_K, and discuss their basic properties.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.579-586
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• 2017

In this study, new materials and shapes for a residential humidifying element were investigated. These elements could replace the current Japanese folded-type rayon/PE elements. Samples were taken from three different materials - rayon/PET (50:50), kraft/PET (40:60), kraft/PET/carbon. Results showed that the humidification efficiencies of the new samples were lower than those of the Japanese product. The efficiencies were 59% for the Japanese product (rayon/PET), 62% for kraft/PET and 84% for kraft/PET/carbon. This could be due to lower rayon or kraft content in the present samples than that in the Japanese product. However, pressure drops in the present samples were significantly lower than that in the Japanese product, due to improved channel configuration. The humidification capacity at the same pumping power ($j_m/f^{1/3}$) was 60% to 82% higher for the kraft/PET/carbon sample compared with the Japanese product. Furthermore, the results are compared with theoretical predictions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-12
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• 2003

In the present study, dikamali resin (obtained from the leaf buds and the young shoots of Gardenia gummifera Linn.) was extracted with diethyl ether and the extract was vacuum dried. Qualitative tests confirmed the presence of flavonoids and free phenolic compounds in the extract. The antioxidant property (qualitative) of the extract was performed by TLC method $({\beta}-carotene-linoleate method)$. The $LD_{50}$ of the extract was found to be 2227 mg/kg by Karber's arithmetic method. The extract was screened for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and anthelmintic (0.1,0.2 and 0.5%w/v) activities by standard methods. The extract exhibited antioxidant property and prevented oxidation of ${\beta}-carotene$. The extract exhibited significant graded dose response for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anthelmintic activities. The extract caused the death of earthworms in all experimental concentration whereas the standard drug (piperazine) only effected paralysis. The present study proved the claims of dikamali resin mentioned in the Indian system of medicine.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.279-282
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• 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate the various chemical components present in the cone volatile oil of Cupressus macrocarpa and also determine its antimicrobial activity. Totally 13 compounds were identified with 99.99% by GC-MS analysis. The major compounds identified were terpinene-4-ol (19.42%), dinopol (15.63%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (13.58%), and ${\beta}$-pinene (12.16%). The antimicrobial activity was carried out for the oil and a 2% cream formulation using cup plate method by measuring the zone of inhibition. The gram positive organisms used were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus cogulans. The gram negative organisms used were Escherichia coli, Kleibseilla pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. In vitro antifungal studies were also carried out by using organisms, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma lignorum and Cryptococcus neoformans. The standard drugs used were penicillin ($100{\mu}g/mL$), gentamycin ($100{\mu}g/mL$) and griseofulvin ($100{\mu}g/mL$) for gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungi respectively. Both oil and cream formulation showed good activity against fungi than bacteria. This study is being reported for the first time on cone volatile oil of this plant.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2017

The main objective of this paper is to establish certain unified integral formula involving the product of the generalized Mittag-Leffler type function $E^{({\gamma}_j),(l_j)}_{({\rho}_j),{\lambda}}[z_1,{\ldots},z_r]$ and the Srivastava's polynomials $S^m_n[x]$. We also show how the main result here is general by demonstrating some interesting special cases.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1391-1393
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• 2004

This paper described the development of technology for LRT (Light Rail Transit) power system, which are sponsored by MOCT and supervised by KRRI. Especially, manufacture, interface between components and composition for DC Switchgear are focused. Most main components for DC switchgear(Protective Relay, HSCB, DS) are made by own. Also the type test report of international testing laboratory about the DC Switchgear based on IEC regulations is introduced. Finally the product will be proved based on field test.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1981

A new I2L process for a high performance I2L structure is proposed. The modifiedstructure consists of a heavily doped extrinsic base and lowly doped intrinsic base where the collector regions are self-alignment with the intrinsic base regions. The proposed process untilizes spin-on sources as the diffusion sources and the self-alignment of collectors is achieved by using the hardened spin-on source as a diffusion mask. Test devices including a 13-stage ring oscillator have been fabricated by the proposed process on n/n+ silicon wafers with 6.5$\mu$m epitaxial layer. The maximum upward current gain of npn transistors is 8 for a three collector I2L cell. The speed-power product and minimum propagation delay for a one collector structure are 3.5 pJ and 50 ns, respectively.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.323-342
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• 2013

Let $C[0,t]$ denote the function space of all real-valued continuous paths on $[0,t]$. Define $Xn:C[0,t]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ and $X_{n+1}:C[0,t]{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}^{n+2}$ by $X_n(x)=(x(t_0),x(t_1),{\cdots},x(t_n))$ and $X_{n+1}(x)=(x(t_0),x(t_1),{\cdots},x(t_n),x(t_{n+1}))$, where $0=t_0$ < $t_1$ < ${\cdots}$ < $t_n$ < $t_{n+1}=t$. In the present paper, using simple formulas for the conditional expectations with the conditioning functions $X_n$ and $X_{n+1}$, we evaluate the $L_p(1{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty})$-analytic conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms and the conditional convolution products of the functions which have the form $${\int}_{L_2[0,t]}{{\exp}\{i(v,x)\}d{\sigma}(v)}{{\int}_{\mathbb{R}^r}}\;{\exp}\{i{\sum_{j=1}^{r}z_j(v_j,x)\}dp(z_1,{\cdots},z_r)$$ for $x{\in}C[0,t]$, where $\{v_1,{\cdots},v_r\}$ is an orthonormal subset of $L_2[0,t]$ and ${\sigma}$ and ${\rho}$ are the complex Borel measures of bounded variations on $L_2[0,t]$ and $\mathbb{R}^r$, respectively. We then investigate the inverse transforms of the function with their relationships and finally prove that the analytic conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms of the conditional convolution products for the functions, can be expressed in terms of the products of the conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms of each function.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of interaction between product category (fresh vs. indulgent product) and shopping options (shipping charge and delivery time) on customer satisfaction and purchase intent in an e-commerce context. When ordering groceries online, consumers begin to allocate a larger share of their grocery budget toward product categories that generally contain healthier items at the expense of product categories that generally contain more indulgent products. Moreover, customers are extremely sensitive to shipping options such as shipping charges and delivery time. Therefore, this research investigates the issue at a more segmented level to focus on the impact that one dimension of logistics service quality - product category, shipping charge, and delivery time have on customer satisfaction and purchase intent. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the theoretically derived priori hypotheses concerning product category, shipping charges, delivery time, satisfaction, and purchase intent, this research presented a scenario-based experiment. Eight treatment groups were assigned by the method of product category (fresh produce vs. indulgent product), shipping charge (free vs. paid), and delivery time (one-day vs. two to three days). A total of 240 subjects were divided into groups and exposed to one of the eight scenarios. Participant's purchase intention was the dependent variable, and ANOVA and L-matrix were used to analyze for main and interactive effects between factors. Conclusions: Results indicated that in tests 1 and 2, free shipping and fast delivery time increased consumer satisfaction as well as purchase intent, and fast delivery moderated the impact of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Test 3 showed that the effect of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent moderated by fast delivery for indulgent products. In contrast, fast delivery for fresh products moderated the effect of paid shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Consistent with this proposed mechanism, the relative importance of fresh produce versus indulgent products highlights the effect of shipping options on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent when ordering the target product in an e-commerce context. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.