• 중소기업연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.147-172
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• 2020

본 연구는 연구개발 효율성의 결정요인을 연구개발 역량과 연구개발 효율성 간의 관계에 영향을 주는 경영주역량 중심으로 살펴본다. 연구표본은 2008년부터 2011년까지 기술보증기금으로부터 보증을 지원받은 기술혁신형 중소기업 6,708개사이다. 자원기반관점에서 기업 내부의 연구개발자원을 변수로 선정한바, 독립변수는 연구개발역량(기술개발전담조직, 기술인력수준, 기술인력관리, 연구개발 투자)이며, 종속변수는 연구개발 효율성이다. 경영주역량(동업종경험수준, 기술지식수준, 기술경영전략, 경영관리능력)은 조절변수이다. 연구개발 효율성은 투입요소(기술인력 수준, 연구개발투자) 대비 연구성과(특허출원, 시제품제작)를 자료포락분석(DEA)으로 측정하며, 그의 결정요인은 토빗(tobit)회귀분석을 활용한다. 분석 결과로 연구개발역량 중 연구개발 효율성의 결정요인은 기술개발전담조직과 기술인력관리가 정(+)적 요인이며, 기술인력수준과 연구개발투자가 부(-)적 요인이다. 연구개발역량과 경영주역량의 조절 효과가 연구개발 효율성에 미치는 영향은 경영주의 경험(동업종경험수준, 기술지식수준)과 기술경영전략이 유의한 결정요인이므로, 이를 적절하게 활용하여 연구개발 효율성을 높일 수 있다. 본 연구의 특징은 연구개발 성과의 효율성을 측정하여 그의 결정요인을 경영주역량의 조절효과로 분석하면서, 기술심사자료에 기반한 자료를 활용한 것이다. 결론부에는 연구의 한계 및 향후의 연구 방향을 논하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.20-44
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• 2004

The National Health Insurance Expenditure has been increased rapidly since the introduction of the separation of prescription and dispensing in 2000, and this trend of rapid growth in overall spendings rate has been observed predominantly among medical practitioners. This study was conducted to investigate the growth rate and distributional changes in private medical practitioners' expenses from 1999 to 2002 and its determinants using the National Health Insurance claims data. The total increasing rate of all medical practitioners' expenditure paid by the National Health Insurance between 1999 and 2002 was $41.71\%$, which exceeding that of general hospitals by $20\%$p. But the income distribution among each practitioner was improved as the changes in Gini coefficient(from 0.40 to 0.38) and decile distribution ratio(from 0.25 to 0.29) during the same period showed. However, this improvement in distributional patterns is not enough since even in 2002 it turned out that the highest $10\%$ income group earned 33times more than the lowest $10\%$ income group did. Also, higher Gini coefficient was observed in larger cities and some department like plastic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. The major causes of this differentials in medical practitioners' expenses were factors related to medical demand like proportion of old population, residential economic status in a given area. In addition, providers' economic incentives also played an important role in determining their income distribution. The large income differentials among physicians may imply a skewed distribution of patients and thus long waiting time, inefficient utilization of resources and potential inadequate quality of care. In this sense, unreasonable distributional gaps should be reduced, so effective measures as well as ongoing monitoring would be necessary to correct current distributional problems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the Operational Self-Sustainability (OSS) of Vietnamese microfinance institutions (MFIs). This research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods: (i) qualitative research was via in-depth interviews with ten microfinance practitioners, policymakers and researchers; (ii) quantitative research was conducted by using panel data of 34 MFIs in the period 2011-2015 with binary logistics and OLS regressions. Results are as follows: (i) MFIs' OSS in Vietnam are mainly determined by five key factors: portfolio at risk (PAR>30), capital structure, gross loan portfolio, scope of activities and legal form; (ii) OSS are most affected by legal status (social organizations have better OSS than formal MFIs or programs/projects), location (MFIs focus in one province have higher OSS than working nationwide or just in one district), capital structure (MFIs with more equity proportion have higher OSS); (iii) surprisingly, average loan size per borrower and age of MFIs do not have statistically significant correlation with OSS. The key recommendations are: (i) MFIs should focus on its professionality and increase its equity; (ii) related stakeholders such as State Bank of Vietnam should promote the enabling ecosystem for microfinance development to enhance poverty reduction and economic development.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 2010년부터 2019년까지 우리나라 10개의 서비스산업을 중심으로 자료포락분석 (DEA)을 이용하여 생산효율성을 측정하고 단절토빗회귀모형과 중도절단토빗회귀모형을 이용하여 그 결정요인을 분석하는 것이다. 분석결과, 첫째, 추정된 서비스산업의 효율성은 대체적으로 매우 낮았고 양극화되어 있었으며, '하수·폐기물 처리, 원료재생업'의 경우 기술적 비효율성이 규모의 비효율성에 기인하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 결정요인 분석에서는 투자와 연구개발비는 기술효율성에 정(+)의 관계에 있고, 해외직접투자와 접대비는 부(-)의 영향을 주는 것으로 측정되었다. 또한, 규모가 큰 산업일수록 효율성도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 우리나라 미래의 산업인 서비스산업의 발전을 위한 정부의 경제정책은 투자와 연구개발활동을 통한 거시정책과 해외직접투자와 인적자본의 융합 등 미시적인 부문이 동시에 고려되는 보다 융합적 정책이 필요하다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.210-221
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• 1997

Background : Willingness to satisfy patients(WSP) among nurses is essential to promoting patient satisfaction which is a critical component in the quality of health care and its outcomes. This study was carried out to empirically find out the affecting factors of WSP among nurses in hospital settings. Methods : The model contains seven job relating determinants and two intervening variables as follows: i) job relating variables of professional status, task requirements, pay, physician-nurse interaction, nurse-nurse interaction, organizational policies, and autonomy, ii) intervening variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 205 nurses in two general hospitals owned by one foundation located in Pusan, Korea, using a structured and self-administered questionnaire. Results : The major results were as follows: First, the results of ANOVA on WPS by personal characteristics showed a statistically significant relationships between WPS and hierarchical orders(p<.01) ana tenure(p<.10). Comparing with the lower orders and shorter tenure, the higher orders and the longer tenure showed better WPS. Second, the results of simple correlation analysis between WPS and determinants and intervening variables showed the following variables, in order of importance, were statistically significant(p<.01): work satisfaction(+), organizational commitment(+), task requirements(+), nurse-interaction(+), professional status(+), physician-nurse interaction(+). Third, the results of path analysis showed that two intervening variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and three determinants of task requirements, professional status, and nurse-nurse interaction had a positively significant direct effect to WPS. Conclusion : The results suggest that nurses who are more satisfied with task requirements, status, nurse-nurse interaction, overall job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, will behave in ways that patients find more satisfied.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2021

Objectives: Household overcrowding (HC) can contribute to both physical and mental disorders among the members of overcrowded households. This study aimed to measure the status of HC and its main determinants across the provinces of Iran. Methods: Data from 39 864 households from the 2016 Iranian Household Income and Expenditures Survey were used in this study. The Equivalized Crowding Index (ECI) and HC index were applied to measure the overcrowding of households. Regression models were estimated to show the relationships between different variables and the ECI. Results: The overall, urban, and rural prevalence of HC was 8.2%, 6.3%, and 10.1%, respectively. The highest prevalence of HC was found in Sistan and Baluchestan Province (28.7%), while the lowest was found in Guilan Province (1.8%). The number of men in the household, rural residency, the average age of household members, yearly income, and the household wealth index were identified as the main determinants of the ECI and HC. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the ECI and HC were higher in regions near the borders of Iran than in other regions. Therefore, health promotion and empowerment strategies are required to avoid the negative consequences of HC, and screening programs are needed to identify at-risk families.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2021

The aim of the study is to implement a factor analysis of the determinants of pricing in a state-regulated competitive market using economic and mathematical modelling methods and to develop ways to improve the pricing environment of the market under study. The purpose of the work defines the main objectives: (i) to investigate the features of the competitive model of the Ukrainian flour market; (ii) to analyse the current price conjuncture of the flour market and the dynamics of the main determinants of pricing; (iii)to develop ways of improving the price situation on the flour market on the basis of the factor analysis on the results of economic and mathematical modelling. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the research results, the following methods were applied: the logical-dialectical method of scientific knowledge in the study of the main theoretical aspects of flour market functioning, the method of logical generalisation and synthesis, comparison, factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis, the graphical method, etc. It has been shown that pricing in a state-regulated competitive market has its own characteristics. For example, in the flour market the price of goods cannot be influenced by producers (sellers) by any methods, therefore determinants of pricing by indirect influence have been taken into account. The five-factor power model of wheat flour price has been constructed. It was substantiated that the price of wheat flour in Ukraine is mostly influenced by consumer price index (0.92 %). The received complex model of wheat flour price may be used also for medium-term forecasting and working out the ways of price formation optimization in the flour market.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2024

Objectives: Protecting people against financial hardship caused by illness stands as a fundamental obligation within healthcare systems and constitutes a pivotal component in achieving universal health coverage. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in Iran, over the period of 2013 to 2019. Methods: Data were obtained from 7 annual national surveys conducted between 2013 and 2019 on the income and expenditures of Iranian households. The prevalence of CHE was determined using a threshold of 40% of household capacity to pay for healthcare. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants influencing CHE. Results: The prevalence of CHE increased from 3.60% in 2013 to 3.95% in 2019. In all the years analyzed, the extent of CHE occurrence among rural populations exceeded that of urban populations. Living in an urban area, having a higher wealth index, possessing health insurance coverage, and having employed family members, an employed household head, and a literate household head are all associated with a reduced likelihood of CHE (p<0.05). Conversely, the use of dental, outpatient, and inpatient care, and the presence of elderly members in the household, are associated with an increased probability of facing CHE (p<0.05). Conclusions: Throughout the study period, CHE consistently exceeded the 1% threshold designated in the national development plan. Continuous monitoring of CHE and its determinants at both household and health system levels is essential for the implementation of effective strategies aimed at enhancing financial protection.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.889-902
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• 1997

During the past three decades, there have been drastic changes in many fields in Korea. Social and economic changes which occurred meantime have influenced clothing expenditures of Korean consumers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of clothing expenditures and its determinants in Korea during the period of 1965 to 1993. In particular, the impacts of income and price on clothing expenditures were examined using data from the National Acccounts published by the Bank of Korea as well as Urban Household Economy Survey published by the Bureau of National Statistics. Per-person consumption expenditures for clothing and shoes (CSX) in permanent price generally increased in accordance with the increase of income since 1965. From 1978 to 1984, however, there was a slight decrease in clothing expenditures in spite of the continuous increase in income, due to the depression of national economy. The proportion of CSX in total consumer spendings has decreased continuously since 1978. In recent years, CSX take only 5% of national aggregate consumption expenditures, while consumption expenditures of urban consumers is 8%. The expenditures for traditional clothing and fabrics for home- sewing decreased most. The results of this study should provide a broader view of the pattern of clothing consumption by Korean consumers. Moreover, the findings can suggest how social and economic changes of a society affect consumers' clothing expenditures.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the determinants of foreign subsidiary's local embeddedness because it is critically important for the subsidiary to build a variegated local network. This paper suggests that a MNC's global capability, the degree of autonomy granted by the headquarters of the multinational corporation to its foreign subsidiary, the foreign subsidiary's absorptive capacity based on local environment, and its level of localization will affect the subsidiary's local network embeddedness. The empirical analysis confirmed that when the headquarters gives the foreign subsidiary more autonomy, this has a positive effect on the local embeddedness of the foreign subsidiary and when the foreign subsidiary has a strong absorptive capacity, this has a positive correlation with the local embeddedness of the foreign subsidiary. And this paper found that when the foreign subsidiary has achieved a high level of staff localization, this foreign subsidiary will have a higher level of local embeddedness. This study identified the preceding conditions necessary for a foreign subsidiary of a multinational corporation to effectively embed itself in the local network by analyzing factors related to the multinational corporation's headquarters and subsidiaries, and thus contributes significantly to continued research on the local embeddedness of subsidiaries.