• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1995

This study researched microbial change of quality according to the various phases of product flow of cooked pea and rice, cold cucumber and seaweed soup, soybean sprouts japchae feeding urban type of a commissary school and a satellite school in Daejeon area, also it suggested the possibility that the central commissary foodservice system can be established and utilized more developmental to identify its food of variation of temperature and state of safety unitl 3 hours after cooking for the case of delay of distribution and holding because of the satellite school of geographical location and traffic problem. The critical Control Points identified for each category of menu items were: Boiled pea and rice: inadequate distribution, holding and storing before assembly; Cold cucumber and seaweed soup: pre-preparation and post-preparation after cooking; Soybean sprouts japchae: Pre-preparation, post-preparation and storing. As the result of observation of the variation of temperature and microbial safety according to the delay of distribution and holding for each food, all of them were relatively safe until 3 hours after cooking, but cold cucumber and seaweed soup being stored for 3 hours, the value of E. coli is $10^3$ CFU/g. The variation of temperature was more extreme in soybean sprouts japchae than cooked pea and rice and cold cucumber and seaweed soup. It was proved that the stainless container was excellent and that adequate holding container should be used.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1991

The Hong's-Zu-Bang-Moon, although it is not know when and by whom it was written, is estimated to have written in the middle of 1800, but has not been published yet. In general, other cooking books in Yi's Dynasty were on the cooking methods of a variety of foods. But the book deals solely with brewing, which is the trait of it. The book comprises a total of 36 items, among which So-Gog-Ju wine was excluded because only a part of it was recorded. Another item deleted, written vaguely and difficult to understand was, on a closer analysis of its content, 'Song-Soon-Ju wine'. According to the analysis of this book, the cereals used for brewing were 59 percent of regular rice and 41 percent of sticky rice including other 12 kinds of special materials. As for the processes, the precesses using Jee-Ae-Bop was dominant. The processing technique whose special words and expressions were analyzed in this study, were divided into 18 preparation methods, 45 processing ones, and 7 heating ones. The temperature processing whose expressions were analyzed here were divided into 6 cooking processes, 7 medium ones and 3 heating ones. The measurement unit of 'Doe' was most often used. It tried to show relatively accurate measurements but showed just approximate ones. There were 19 kinds of brewing utensis. Urns were most often used, but it was impossible to discern and kind. As for the tast of the wines, the writer showed his subjective expressions. The margianal point in this study is that it was very difficult to interpret the book. The closing up of twings of on azaled over the urn had no scientific base but said something of korean folkways at that times.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1107-1118
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in perception concerning nutrition labeling and students' availability of processed foods and is to investigate parents' awareness of nutrition labeling through the 'Education program on safety management of children's dietary life' conducting directly to the fifth grade elementary school students (4,105 persons) by the nutrition teacher in each school. The part that checked when purchasing processed food before and after the students' education, the name of manufacturer (p<0.05), raw material and content (p<0.001), food additives (p<0.001), nutritive components (p<0.05) etc. were significantly improved. An idea about nutrition labeling has increased after the education, the question items in 'it is reliable' (p<0.001), 'satisfied' (p<0.01) were significantly increased particularly. In spite of one time education, it showed positive changes such as it can be possible to get desired nutrition information. Thus, although it was one time training conducted in the situation that can not be carried out formal education due to school environment, a variety of practical education of children's dietary life is required targeting comprehensive senior students, the education is considered to be conducted for children as well as parents.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2005

난소화성 다당류의 함량이 높은 고아미2호의 취반특성 개선 및 식미 향상을 목적으로 수행한 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 취반이 어려운 것으로 알려진 고아미2호는 가루로 1차 호화시킨 후에도 미세전분입자는 호화되지 않은 것으로 나타나 일반적인 취반방법으로는 식미개선에 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 도정에 의해서 색, 물성 및 호화특성의 변화를 살펴 보았으나 명도와 백도 이외에는 도정율에 따른 유의한 특성 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 상온수분흡수특성을 통해 고아미2호 최소 1시간 이상의 수침시간을 필요로 하며 관능평가를 통해 이 경우 식미가 더 양호함을 확인할 수 있었다. 3. 품종별 호화 및 취반특성을 비교해 본 결과 고아미2호의 호화개시온도가 $88^{\circ}C$로 매우 높고 일반 밥솥에서 취반할 경우 수분흡수율과 팽창용적이 적은 것으로 보아 취반 방법에 있어서 고온고압이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 다른 품종과의 혼합을 통한 식미 혹은 물성 개선을 위해 아밀로스 함량이 다른 일품벼, 백진주, 화선찰벼를 비교한 결과 호화가 늦고 경도가 낮으며 노화특성이 양호한 백진주, 화선찰벼가 일품벼에 비해 더 적합할 것으로 예상되었고, 관능 평가를 통해 두 품종이 일품벼에 비해 전반적으로 더 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 조리과정에서 발생한 총휘발성 유기화합물질, 미세먼지, 악취, 총부유세균 등의 오염물질들이 조리실내로 분산되어 실내공간이나 조리업 종사자에게는 나쁜 냄새나 작업환경 및 건강피해를 감소하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기존 공기청정기의 단점을 보완하고, 반영구적이며, 각종 오염물질을 효율적으로 제거하기 위하여 활성탄과 황토를 결합한 바이오세라믹 필터를 bar type으로 제작한 실내용 소형 공기청정기 개발에 중점을 두었다. 측정항목은 총휘발성 유기화합물, 미세먼지, 복합악취, 총부유세균 등 모두 4가지 항목으로 개발된 공기청정기 가동 전과 일정시간 가동 후를 비교하여 측정하였다. 측정결과, 총휘발성 유기화합물의 농도는 평균 $2,500{\mu}g/m^3$에서 $223{\mu}g/m^3$으로 약 91.02%의 높은 제거효율을 보였으며, 미세먼지의 제거율은 평균 농도가 $26.68{\mu}g/m^3$로서 97.51%의 우수한 제거효과가 나타났으며, 복합악취의 희석배수를 측정한 결과 평균 144로 평균 95.20% 감소하였다. 또 총부유세균은 초기 농도가 $787{\sim}814CFU/m^3$에서 $47{\sim}40CFU/m^3$로 약 94% 이상 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 개발되어진 공기청정기의 바이오세라믹 필터는 오염물질을 제거하는데 우수한 제거효과를 나타냈다. 따라서 공기청정기를 조리실내에서 환기장치와 렌지후드를 병행하여 사용하면 기존의 열악한 조리실 내의 환경이 크게 개선되어질 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.983-990
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• 2013

본 연구는 학교급식에서 중요한 메뉴 특성을 파악하고 실제 제공되고 있는 메뉴 특성별 제공 현황을 분석하여 학교급식에서의 올바른 메뉴 운영을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 대구 경북지역 초 중 고 각 2개 학교씩 총 6개 학교에서 제공된 메뉴를 대상으로 하였고 각 학교 영양(교)사를 통해 메뉴 정보를 수집하였으며 계절에 따른 차이를 고려하여 각 학교마다 2회에 걸쳐 1차 조사는 2011년 6월30일~7월 15일, 2차 조사는 2011년 12월 1일~16일에 실시 하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 음식군에 따른 메뉴 품목 당 식재료비 차이는 유의적으로 나타났고(p<0.001), 육류 및 생선 찬류가 881.66원으로 가장 높았고 김치류가 114.50원으로 가장 낮았다. 학교급(초 중 고)에 따라서는 중학교가 39.3%로 가공식품 사용 메뉴의 비율이 높았고(p<0.01), 초등학교(86.4%)와 고등학교(83.5%)에 비해 중학교(71.7%)가 노동효율성이 높은 메뉴 품목의 비율이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 비전통 메뉴 품목에서 동물성 식품을 포함하는 메뉴 품목과 가공식품, 기름 사용 가열 조리법을 사용하는 비율이 유의적으로 높아(p<0.001) 전반적으로 전통 메뉴 품목이 학생들의 건강에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 운영효율성에 있어서도 노동효율성이 높은 메뉴 품목의 비율이 전통 메뉴 품목에서 유의적으로 더 높게 나타났고 (p<0.001), 식재료비 평균도 전통 메뉴 품목(371.57원)이 비전통 메뉴 품목(529.37원)에 비해 낮게 나타나(p<0.001) 운영효율성 역시 전통 메뉴 품목이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 동 식물성 메뉴별로는 식물성 메뉴 품목(95.4%)이 동물성 메뉴 품목(88.1%)에 비해 기름 사용이 적은 조리법을 사용하는 비율이 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.01), 운영효율성 중 식재료비는 동물성 메뉴 품목에서 650.40원으로 식물성 메뉴품목 274.39원에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 조리법별로는 기름 사용이 적은 조리법을 사용하는 메뉴 품목 중 노동효율성이 높은 메뉴 품목(95.8%)이 유의적으로 많았고(p<0.001), 가공식품 사용 메뉴에서 노동효율성이 낮은 메뉴 품목이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 조리법별 식재료비는 기름 사용이 적은 조리법을 사용하는 메뉴 품목의 식재료비 평균(413.54원)이 기름 사용이 많은 메뉴 품목(623.47원)에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 본 연구결과 학교급식에서 제공되는 메뉴 중 전통 메뉴와 식물성 메뉴가 가공식품을 적게 사용하고, 조리 시 기름 사용이 적으며 식재료비 역시 저렴한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 메뉴는 학생들의 건강과 식생활 개선뿐만 아니라 효율적인 메뉴 운영을 위해서도 적극적인 활용이 필요한 것으로 판단되므로 각 학교별로 메뉴에 대한 학생 선호도나 만족도에 대한 조사 등을 바탕으로 한 전통음식 및 식물성 식재료 활용 메뉴 개발이나 메뉴 운영 전략 수립이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 특히, 메뉴의 효율적인 운영은 식재비용 및 학교별 급식기기/인력 등에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 각 메뉴별 식재료비, 노동효율성 등의 조사가 식단 작성 시 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 노동효율성 조사에 있어 표준화된 평가기준을 사용하지 못하고 학교별 실무자 회의와 학교 간 의견 조율을 통해 평가를 실시하였으나, 향후 연구에서는 표준화된 평가기준이 사용된다면 학교급식 운영 효율화에 더 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a quality assesment of a university dormitory foodservice on the satisfaction degree, value awareness and relationship intention toward the foodservice. A total of 328 questionnaires were completed. Using SPSS package, Cronbach's alpha, analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were applied. The results are as follows. First, the quality assessment of the foodservice varied depending on the period of service utilization. Customers of less than one year rated the nutrition supply of the university foodservice the highest, followed by those who were customers for more than 3 years and those who were customers for 2 to 3 years, respectively. Second, the quality assessment of the foodservice was substantially influenced by price as compared to service quality. Third, the quality assessment was significantly influenced by the price appropriateness of the foodservice. Fourth, foodservice assessment items such as customer-centeredness, pursuit of nutrition supply and food quality had a meaningful effect on the satisfaction degree toward the university foodservice. Fifth, customer-centeredness, pursuit of nutrition supply and food quality had a significant effect on relationship intention. Sixth, among the items of value awareness for the foodservice, value assessment as compared to service quality, and not price appropriateness, greatly affected the relationship intention. Seventh, the overall degree of satisfaction for the foodservice affected the relationship intention.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.320-339
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify risk factors to ensure food safety by evaluating cook supervisors' perceived performance of vegetable safety management at Korean food restaurants in Daegu. Recognition of the potential foodborne illness caused by vegetables was 2.60/5 on average. Inspection items with low scores by respondents during food safety inspection by government agencies were "Wash and sanitize vegetables" and "Keep washed and cut vegetables in the refrigerator". As for storage, perceived performance of "Store vegetable in the refrigerator less than 70% of the refrigerator capacity" scored less than 4 out of 5. About 86% of respondents answered "Water-only washing" for vegetable washing. For perceived performance of vegetable cooking, service, and leftover handling, 11 and three items out of 13 were significantly different depending on the size of restaurants and possession of culinary arts certificates, respectively. Based on results, it is necessary to provide food safety training programs for handling vegetables in order to increase knowledge of cook supervisors. In addition, intensive on-site guidance for safety management of vegetables is needed.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2004

This study was conducted to establish the hygiene standards for chicken entrees (deep-fried breast chicken, chicken and potato in red pepper paste and smothered chicken) served with in 3 different elementary school lunch programs during 2002. The study evaluated the layout characteristics of the food facilities, and determined the physical and microbiological hazards for the production of chicken entrees based on the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system. The kitchen layouts needed to be remodeled for the separation of soiled and clean work areas. The pH values for all items were over 6.0, which require careful attention. The microbial assessments of 3 chicken items revealed that the TPC, coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were within normal ranges, but Salmonella was found at several stages in the production of all products, with the exception of smothered chicken. The bacterial counts of the kitchen utensils and cooks' hands exceeded acceptable limits, and workers' sanitary practices were poor in terms of sanitary handling and holding of foods and utensils. The CCPs determined related to the steps of receiving, cooking and breaking of egg shells. From our findings, it is recommended that chicken entrees should be prepared and served very carefully, as salmonella was detected at several stages during meal production, and the aim of the HACCP system is to secure against food-borne illnesses due to reckless school food service operations.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-38
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• 2003

This study divided all cooking-related employees into hotel organization and family restaurant organization, and analyzed the present duties´ characteristics along with an analysis on population statistics. Also, the study examined each employee´s recognition degree of his/her duty in each group and investigated which knowledge and skill they thought as important parts for their developing ability and attaining duties in the future. The collected data tell the followings; with respect to the characteristics of the employees´ duties, the characteristics of hotel employees were different from those of family restaurant employees; in case of hotel employees, the characteristic items recognized at a high level were the importance of duty, independence, self-reliance, the knowledge degree, career, controlling-ship, and development-ship. On the contrary, in case of family restaurant employees, the highly recognized items were complexity of duty, stagnation-ship, and human relationship. Generally, it was clear that family restaurant employees showed more complaints than hotel employees did in the section of recognition degree on the present duties. The imperfect matter is that this study could not specify particulars or details of knowledge and skills that are necessary to make a perfect food-service company. However, this study will become a basis to develop further research on a perfect supposition and detailed particulars by detailed variables in a demonstrative way.