• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.14 no.1_4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the lumbar stabilizing exercise on the isometric lumbar extension strength and the range of motion of lumbar extension. 16 healthy subjects were recruited (9 males, 7 females, mean age 25${\pm}$3.2). They performed 5 types of exercises 5 times per week for 4 weeks. We evaluated isometric trunk extension strength (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, $72^{\circ}$) by MedX(Ocala, FL) and measured range of motion of lumbar extension. All measurements were measured at pre-exercise and 4 weeks post-exercise. The results of this study were summarized as follows; After 4 weeks of exercise, isometric lumbar extension strength was generally increased but there were only significant differences at $12^{\circ},\;24^{\circ},\;48^{\circ}$. The range of motion of lumbar extension was increased (p<.05). The isometric lumbar extension strength correlated with the range of motion of lumbar extension. In conclusion, our results have shown that lumbar stabilizing exercise influenced both lumbar extension strength and range of motion of lumbar extension.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is the most common chronic musculoskeletal conditions of the upper extremity with pain and wrist extension disability. The tendon which is most affected is the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). Previous study evaluated the effect of taping technique on patient with LE, but no study investigated the changes of electromyography (EMG) on ECRB when using dynamic taping (DT) technique. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DT technique using dynamic tape on muscle activity of ECRB during wrist isometric extension, isotonic extension and flexion. Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were instructed to perform wrist isometric extension, isotonic extension and flexion without and with DT on origin area of ECRB. Wrist isometric extension was performed at 75%, 50% and 25% (%maximal voluntary contraction force), respectively, based on maximum contraction force. Isotonic extension and flexion test used dumbbell. EMG data was collected from ECRB. Results: EMG of ECRB were statistically significant decrease in wrist isotonic extension after DT (p < 0.05). Significant increase in wrist isometric extension during 25% and 50% force task (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study applied DT technique to suppress the wrist extensor muscles in 21 healthy adults in their twenties. Change in muscle activity was compared in the ECRB muscle during wrist isometric extension, isotonic extension and flexion task. Based on the results of this study, the DT technique applied to the wrist and forearm area can reduce the load on the wrist extensors when the wrist performs various movements during daily life movements or repetitive tasks, and by using these effects, excessive stress is applied to tennis elbow patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate isometric trunk extension strength in hemiplegic patients, and to compare that with normal subjects to find a correlation between trunk extension strength and the functional independent degree in hemiplegic patients. Fifteen hemiplegic male patients (mean age $55.2{\pm}10.2$ years) and twenty-five healthy male subjects (mean age $54.6{\pm}10.3$ years) completed isometric trunk extension. Strength was measured at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 degrees of trunk flexion. The functional independent degree was assessed by Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Mean isometric trunk extension strength was 91.2 ft-lbs, 120.7 ft-lbs, 142.3 ft-lbs, 156.4 ft-lbs, 173.5 ft-lbs, 184.1 ft-lbs, and 195.3 ft-lbs in the hemiplegic patients group, and 135.6 ft-lbs, 175.6 ft-lbs, 204.4 ft-lbs, 221.9 ft-lbs, 231.2 ft-lbs, 246.8 ft-lbs, and 259.7 ft-lbs in the normal subjects group. The values of isometric trunk extension strength had a descending linear correlation pattern from trunk flexion angle to extension angle. Trunk extension strength in hemiplegic patients was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (p<.05) but did not correlate with the FIM total score (p>.05). Therefore, the isometric trunk extension strength in hemiplegic patients was lower than that of normal subjects and did not correlate with the functional independent degree.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) and isometric lumbar strengthening exercise (ILSE) on lumbar strength and lumbar extension range in healthy young adults. Method : Ten healthy young adults (six males and four females) volunteered to carry out the LSE and ILSE program for two weeks. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: the LSE group (n=5) and the LSE plus ILSE group (n=5). The LSE consisted of 20 minutes of exercise related to lumbar stabilization, and the ILSE was composed of five minutes of isometric stabilization exercise with a specific device. Each group exercised three times per week for two weeks. Assessment tools were made using the subjects' isometric lumbar strength and lumbar extension range before and after the interventions. Results : Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in isometric lumbar strength and the lumbar extension range between before and after the interventions in each group (p<.05). Also, the lumbar extension range improved significantly in the LSE plus ILSE group compared to the LSE group; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the two groups' isometric lumbar strength (p>.05). Conclusion : The findings suggest that ILSE might be feasible in clinical settings by offering benefits for lumbar function. Future studies will be continued.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of isometric exercise and active stretching on joint function in patient with osteoarthritis. Methods: 30(M=1, F=29) subjects with osteoarthritis were divided in three groups: control group, quadriceps isometric exercise group, and hamstring active stretching group. After 6 weeks treatment, ROM(range of motion) and LSS(lysholm scoring scale) were measured. Results: There was a significant increase in knee flexion, extension in post-treat of quadriceps isometric exercise group and hamstring active stretching group(p<0.05). There was a significant increase in LSS in post-treat of quadriceps isometric exercise group and hamstring active stretching group(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that both the active stretching exercise and the quadriceps isometric exercise effectively promote the range of knee extensions for osteoarthritis patients. Also, as measuring the ROM of knee flexion and extension by exercise methods, there is significant increase from knee flexion and extension in both hamstring stretching exercise group and quadriceps isometric exercise group. The increase of the range of knee is more effective in the exercise of knee extension with hamstring stretching exercise groups. And it is found that there are some difference between the experimental group and controlled group in statistics. As it is concerned with the function of knee extension, supporting and squatting are more effective to promote the both knee extension and flexion in its range. Therefore, this shows that the hamstring stretching exercise is required in general with enforcing the quadriceps at a sickbed in the present.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to examine whether abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) with isometric shoulder flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction selectively contracted deep abdominal muscles. This study's subjects were 13 males 17 females. In order to evaluate the comparison of effects of ADIM and ADIM with isometric shoulder flexion, extension, adduction and abduction, measurements were made on transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) using a real-time ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system. Each position was repetitively measured three times with a real-time ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system and their mean values were used for analysis. The ADIM with isometric shoulder flexion, extension, adduction and abduction significantly increased the thickness of TrA relative to the ADIM only (p<.05). The ADIM with isometric shoulder abduction significantly increased the thickness of IO compared to the ADIM only (p<.05). The ADIM with isometric shoulder extension and abduction significantly decreased the thickness of EO compared to the ADIM only and the ADIM with isometric shoulder extension significantly decreased the thickness of EO relative to the ADIM with isometric shoulder adduction (p<.05). ADIM with isometric shoulder abduction is an effective method to selectively strengthen deep abdominal muscles and therefore may be employed as an intervention for trunk stabilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric upper limb contraction on the trunk and lower extremity muscles during the sit-to-stand activity in elderly females. METHODS: Eighteen healthy elderly females performed three directional isometric upper extremity contractions (flexion, extension, and horizontal abduction movements) using an elastic band during sit-to-stand activity. Electromyography signals were collected from the internal oblique, erector spinae, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris muscles. RESULTS: Internal oblique activity was greater in bilateral shoulder flexion and bilateral shoulder horizontal abduction than in neutral position (p<.05). Erector spinae and rectus femoris muscle activities in bilateral shoulder flexion was greater than in neutral position and bilateral shoulder extension (p<.05). Biceps femoris activity was significantly greater in bilateral shoulder flexion than in bilateral shoulder extension and horizontal abduction, and in neutral position compared to bilateral shoulder extension (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating isometric upper limb contraction may be beneficial for enhancing the contribution of trunk and lower extremity muscle activities to trunk stabilization during sit-to-stand activity. Therefore, isometric upper limb contraction during sit-to-stand tasks, especially in flexion, may be used to elicit contraction of the lumbopelvic region muscles within a tolerable range, for developing endurance and strength in the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Purpose: To measure the cervical isometric force generation capacity of men and women, IsoTract was used. Also the aim of this study was to compare manual muscle testing with isometric muscle strength in women. Methods: Forty seven healthy subjects(25 men, 22 women; age range, 18-29) were recruited in two sessions, one for flexion and the other extension. The cervical strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Cervical isometric strength was found to be measure for flexion(27.78 Ibs maximum and 24.52 Ibs average) and extension(33.22 Ibs maximum and 29.90 Ibs average) in mans. And isometic muscle strength for women exerted significantly higher in the grade 4 over than in the grade 3 in women. Conclusion: We concluded that there were difference in isometric muscle strength for the grade of manual muscle testing. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1933-1936
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• 2005

The isometric area of the anterior cruciate ligament was calculated during knee flexion-extension. Flexion-extension motion data of the joint were obtained using Fastrak and a three-dimensional motion measurement system. A total of five subjects were seated on a flat table and the tibia sensor position was measured with the femur fixed on the table. A three-dimensional knee model was constructed using a graphic tool to simulate the knee motion. Twenty seven positions of the tibia region and forty two positions of the femur region were selected and the distances between the determined tibial and femoral points were calculated. Highly isometric areas were found and displayed as three dimensional aspects.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to compare the differences of isometric lumber extension strength and subjective pain degrees between obesity patients group and normal body fat group in disc surgical operated patients. The research purposed to indicate how isometric lumbar extension exercise for 12 weeks affected to lumbar strength and visual analogue scale of patients suffered by chronic back pain. The subjects were 65 low back pain patients(male 30, female 35)who had disease on lumbar in W hospital. The lumbar extension strength was measured at seven degrees of angles, which were $0^{\circ}$ $12^{\circ}$ $24^{\circ}$ $36^{\circ}$ $48^{\circ}$ $60^{\circ}$ and $72^{\circ}$ before and after the exercise program. We got the results of subjective pain degree using the modified visual analogue scale(VAS) of Lawlis et al(1989) and measured the maximal isometric lumbar strength of all subjects using MedX lumbar extension machine. Results were as follows; After the exercise, the lumbar extension strength of normal body fat patients groups included males and female were greater than that of the obesity patients groups in all angles(p<.05). The visual analogue scale of chronic back pain patients was decreased significantly after the exercise(p<.05). The results showed the significance between the lumbar extension strength and the visual analogue scale of chronic back pain patients and showed that the isometric lumbar extension exercise decreased the subjective pain degrees of visual analogue scale with and increased lumbar extension strength. The correlation between the visual analogue scale and the %body fat of chronic back pain patients was no significant after exercise. Therefore, the lumbar extension strength exercise is needed for improvement of back strength, decrease of %body fat.