• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2010

The objective of this work was to investigate how carbon sink and sequestration of vegetation and soil in the development project area can impact the land use plan, in addition to carbon emission capacity of the development project when we conduct environmental impact assessment. Especially, we did this work for a development project of solar power plant which would be constructed in forest area. Through this work, we found that 1) the amount of carbon sink and sequestration largely decreased due to reduction of the green area, 2) in terms of carbon sink and sequestration, conservation of natural green area is better than construction of newly vegetated area, 3) biochar application into soil can become an alternative for increase of carbon sink, and 4) even though a solar power production does hugely reduce carbon emissions and offset the carbon sink and sequestration capacity from the forest, it is necessary to consider the public value of the forest(reduction of heat island, habitat etc.) in siting for development area.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.174-186
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• 2001

Excessive outflow of pollutant loads resulting from rapid industrialization has unbalanced the water ecosystem, deteriorating the water quality environment severely. Therefore, measures for improving the water quality are necessary to maintain clean reservoir water and restore water-friendly spaces. A water quality model which is capable of simulating daily reservoir water quality was developed. The model had been applied to Masan reservoir and Wanggung reservoir in Korea. The model appeared to be satisfactory in representing the trend of water quality variations by comparing measured and simulated results. The model had been also applied to assess water purification techniques such as dredged pool, floating island and vegetation purification system. The model was considered to assess the effect of water purification techniques on reservoir water quality improvement. The results of water quality simulation for lake water purification techniques showed that a large facility would be needed to meet the targeted water quality of the reservoir when only one technique is applied. To effectively improve the quality of the polluted reservoir water, it is therefore recommended that pollutant sources should first be controlled, and a combination of the water purification techniques applied to make the utmost use of their secondary effects such as conservation of the reservoir volume capacity, establishment of a recreation space, promotion of bio-diversity, and improvement of the lake landscape.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.751-761
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• 2007

This study is carried out through ecological situation of native Bupleurum latissimum habitats and the research of environmental conditions for conservation of native sites, restoration of alternative habitats and preliminary data for application of useful medicinal plant. Native Bupleurum latissimum habitats were distributed on lower and middle part of the mountain from Altitude 54m to 185m, and the directions of slope were researched as usually northen and western slope. As a result of phytosociological research in 12 stands of native Bupleurum latissimum habitats, they were seperated to two communities(Bupleurum latissimum typical community and Bupleurum latissimum-Galium spurium community) in accordance with containable rate of the organic matter and soil hardeness. Soil condition is usually constituted as loamy sand and clay loam. Bupleurum latissimum is propagated in valuable soil conditions. Bupleurum latissimum lives with Morus bombycis, Reynoutria sachalinensis in Bupleurum latissimum typical community and Thalictrum aquilegifolium, Stellaria media, Hedera rhombea etc. is appeared with Bupleurum latissimum in Bupleurum latissimum-Galium spurium community. Especially, companion species were researched as Aster glehni, Dystaenia takeshimana and so on. The flora of vascular plants in this study is 44 families, 88genus 82species, 2 subspecies, 14 varietas, 4 forma and total 102 taxa. Plants of compositae occupied 10.78% among whole of them.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2020

Prunus glandulosa Thunb. [=Cerasus glandulosa (Thunb.) Sokolov] (Rosaceae) is native to the warmtemperate region of China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang Provinces). It is naturalized in the United States (i.e. Alabama, Michigan and North Carolina) and Canada (Ontario). This species, previously only recorded as introduced or cultivated plants on the Korean Peninsula, was confirmed to be naturally distributed in the southwestern coast islands(i.e. Geomun-do, Chuja-do and an uninhabited island in Shinan-gun of Jeollanam-do). Prunus glandulosa Thunb. is distinguished from a related taxon P. japonica var. nakaii (H. Lév.) Rehder by pedicel 8-12 (-16) mm long, linear stipules, glabrous style, and pink petals. The morphological characters and illustration of P. glandulosa Thunb. are provided with line drawings and photographs from the natural habitat. In addition, it is likely that a new habitat will be found by plant biodiversity investigations through the southwestern coast islands. Further research is needed to determine its population size, distribution, and threats, as well as identify appropriate locations for conservation collection of germplasm.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2023

Hibiscus hamabo (Malvaceae) is a deciduous shrub mainly found in northeast Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Due to its limited distribution on Jejudo Island and at several sites in Jeollanam-do in Korea, H. hamabo has been designated as an endangered species by the Ministry of the Environment and has been the subject of several restoration programs. In this study, we quantified genetic variations using double-digestion restriction-associated DNA sequencing technology in 96 individuals of H. hamabo from 13 distinct populations in Korea. We determined 3,352 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism loci after stringent filtering processes and analyzed the level of genetic variation within and among populations as well as the population differentiation and genetic ancestry with various assumptions pertaining to the population origin. Our results indicated weak differentiations among populations surveyed in this study but clearly suggested that most of the H. hamabo populations maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity as evidence of frequent genetic exchanges among populations via outcrossing or sequential gene flows. For a more detailed analysis of the origin of Korean H. hamabo and its demographic history, it will be necessary to expand sampling in China and Japan.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

In this study is aerial photos and UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) images were used to analyzed the characteristics of depositional landform changes in the Geum river channels before and after the opening gate of Gongju weir. Based on the depositional landform classification result, the main stream and the bare land occupied most of the area in all periods, and also found that the main stream, mid-channel island, and sand bar occupied a greater degree of area increase or decrease compared to other landforms in the classification items. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of depositional landform changes before and after the opening gate of Gongju weir, it is judged that the depositional landforms have changed due to the decreased water level of the Geum river after the opening of the weir, the summer rainy season and typhoons, river stabilization after the effluence of Daecheong dam, supply and deposition of river sediments and fixation of vegetation. The results derived from this study can be used as basic data for the study of river depositional landforms and the establishment of management and conservation plans for the landforms in river channels.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2010

For the sustainable conservation of forests within and around the somma of Nari basin in Ulleung Island, the stand structure and dynamics with the aspect, altitude and stand types were estimated by using analyses of importance value, plant species diversity, S$\o$rensen's similarity index and distributions of diameter classes. Results of the importance value analysis with vegetation stories on each stand showed that Fagus engleriana and Acer okamotoanum were dominant in most stands regardless of the aspect and altitude of the forest around the somma of Nari basin and the plant species composition among stands was not significantly different. The forest within Nari basin was composed of pine, beech, alder and deciduous-mixed stand. Moreover, the species composition was greatly different among the four stands. The diversity of plant species within stand was in general higher within Nari basin than around the somma, and among stands within Nari basin, the plant species diversity of pine and deciduous-mixed stand showed higher values than that of beech and alder stands. The similarity index among stands with aspect and altitude showed that the index among stands of eastern, western and northern slope in forest around the somma and forest within the basin ranged from 0.68 to 0.69, and the similarity among four stands with altitude was very high having index range from 0.85 to 0.95. The patterns of diameter class distribution of the major dominant species from four altitude classes followed an almost normal bell-shaped distribution. The results were interpreted as an indication that these forests will in general maintain a stable stand structure. Therefore, despite diverse topographic features around Nari basin, the stand structure and plant species composition among stands were not diversified as expected. For the conservation of diversity of forest plant species and of forest ecosystems, a promising and intensive program should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

The cactus habitat in Jeju Island has a phytogeographically specific distribution in the East Asian region, and forms a unique landscape as the only native cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) habitat in Korea. However, there has been no detailed investigation on the distribution of cacti in the habitat and no investigation on the diversity of the mixed composition of plants in the habitats and their correlation with the distribution of cactus populations. This study attempted to investigate the diversity of vascular plants in the Wollyeong-ri cactus habitat and record the actual distribution and trends of cactus distribution. In addition to the distribution characteristics of cacti, we also discuss the characteristics of species reflecting the characteristics of the habitat among the mixed population of plant species, as well as the biological and environmental factors that threaten the maintenance of cactus populations or require management for preservation of cacti. Considering the phenological character, we conducted the field surveys for flora identification six times between June 2015 and September 2017. The Engler classification system was used for the arrangement sequence and names of plants, and the Korean Plant Names Index was adopted for the Korean name of the species. The study results showed that the Wolryung-ri cactus habitat in Jeju Island has the characteristic physiognomy of an area dominated by cactus. For the vascular plants, a total of 125 taxa were identified, including 53 families, 104 genera, 109 species, 15 varieties and 1 forma. Endangered plants specified by the Ministry of Environment were not found. Two species, Cyrtomium falcatum and Asplenium incisum, were identified as the ferns, and no gymnosperms were found. In addition, 123 taxa of angiosperms, 91 taxa of dicotyledones and 32 taxa of monocotyledons were identified. The distributions of cacti were confirmed in 289 meshes corresponding to 59.3% of the total 487 meshes in the cactus protected area, which showed various coverage distributions ranging from 5% to 95%. Most of the meshes where no cacti were found are coastal areas with exposed basalt rocks where the soil depth has not developed or extremely restricted due to repeated waves, or areas where artificial facilities, grasslands, and observation paths have been constructed. On the other hand, there were 71 lattice points in 14.5% of the total area where the cactus showed 70% or higher dominance. Cacti are randomly distributed in these areas. They have adapted to the microhabitat environment and are found to be opportunistically distributed along the growable locations. Considering that the reproduction of cacti in the habitat is mostly dependent on parthenogenesis, the present distribution seems to reflect the potentially distributable regions of cacti in the habitat. Based on the results of field surveys, a management plan for conservation and protection of the protected areas has been proposed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.182-191
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• 2023

This study was carried out to identify the distribution and growth characteristics and evaluate the conservation status of the Michelia compressa Maxim., a rare and endangered wild plant II, in the habitats in Korea. A total of 314 individuals were found in the natural habitats of Heuksan Island and Jeju Island and were divided into four populations. About 45.9% (144 individuals) were distributed in the range of 401m~500m above sea level. The average height of trees was 2.7(±4.8)m, the diameter at breast height was 12.6(±13.9)cm, and the number of branches was 1.0(±0.5) on average. 54.3% of the sapling individuals of M. compressa were distributed within a radius of 30 m from the mother tree, 25.8% were distributed between 31 m through 40 m, and most (90.1%) were distributed within a radius of 60 m. The fact that sapling individuals of M. compressa are not identified even around some mature individuals and appear only in extremely limited areas is estimated to be closely related to the growth conditions as well as the environment of the natural habitats. The dispersal of M. compressa is presumed to be related to the birds and natural seedlings because water puddles, a resting place for birds beyond the range of natural seedlings, characterize its habitats. The IUCN Red List evaluation criteria at the regional and national level of M. compressa corresponds to the Critically Endangered category, and the domestic population under the category of "CR B2ab(v); C2a(i); D."

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2024

This study presents a fine scale distribution of the endangered species, Odontobutis obscura, through field surveys and literature reviews. Using the mark-recapture method, the population size in major habitats was determined. Field surveys conducted on 18 streams in Geoje Island revealed that the O. obscura was only found in the main streams and tributaries of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, which are part of the Sanyang Stream watershed. The O. obscura exhibited relative abundances ranging from 0.5% to 35.3% at different locations, with certain spots showing higher relative abundances (18.8% to 35.3%), indicating major habitat areas. A review of six literature studies confirmed the presence of the O. obscura, although there were differences in occurrence status depending on the purpose, scope, and duration of the studies. Combining the results of field and literature surveys, it was found that the O. obscura inhabits the main and tributary streams of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, from the upper to lower reaches. Currently, the O. obscura population in the Sanyang Stream watershed maintains a stable habitat, but its limited distribution range suggests potential issues such as genetic diversity deficiency in the long term. The population size of the O. obscura was confirmed at two specific locations, with densities of 0.5 to 1.5 individuals per m². The average movement distance from the release point was 13.1 m, indicating the limited mobility characteristic of ambush predators. Understanding the distribution and population size of endangered species is the first step towards their conservation and protection. Based on this information, further research could significantly contribute to the conservation of the O. obscura.