• BMB Reports
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2023

Mitochondria are important organelles that regulate adenosine triphosphate production, intracellular calcium buffering, cell survival, and apoptosis. They play therapeutic roles in injured cells via transcellular transfer through extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and tunneling nanotubes. Astrocytes can secrete numerous factors known to promote neuronal survival, synaptic formation, and plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated that astrocytes can transfer mitochondria to damaged neurons to enhance their viability and recovery. In this study, we observed that treatment with mitochondria isolated from rat primary astrocytes enhanced cell viability and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-damaged neurons. Interestingly, isolated astrocytic mitochondria increased the number of cells under damaged neuronal conditions, but not under normal conditions, although the mitochondrial transfer efficiency did not differ between the two conditions. This effect was also observed after transplanting astrocytic mitochondria in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These findings suggest that mitochondria transfer therapy can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke and other diseases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.255-258
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• 1999

Pneumoconiosis, very popular to coal miners who are exposed to coal dusts dominantly, was introduced in the 19th century to describe lung diseases consequent to the inhalation of mineral dusts. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis(CWP) colloquially called "black lung" in the United States, is a distinct pathologic entity resulting from the tissue reaction to deposits of dust include the coal macule, which associated with focal emphysema constitutes the characteristic lesion of simple CWP and complicated CWP or progressive massive fibrosis(PMF). Coal mining are also associated with chronic bronchitis, chronic airflow limitation, and/or generalized emphysema. Progressive massive fibrosis lesions may imprint on and obliterate airways and vessels, and cavitation is not uncommon, being the consequence of ischemic necrosis or mycobacterial infections. We report a case which is unusual form of progressive massive fibrosis to be differentiated from lung carcinoma. It is a rapid growing PMF with ischemic necrosis. By the studies which are about risk of having progressive massive fibroois, it is predicted to be 1.4%. And the other study shows that simple pneumoconiosis clearly predisposed to PMF, with five year attack rates of 13.9%, 12.5%, 4.4% and 0.2% among men with categories 3, 2, 1, and 0 respectively at the start of the risk periods.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2022

Objectives : Sagunja-Tang is a famous prescription used in Korean medicine for the purpose of promoting vital energy, and there are few studies using Sagunja-Tang on cerebrovascular diseases yet. As previous studies confirmed that Sagunja-tang is highly likely to be used effectively for stroke, this study was intended to predict the mechanism through which Sagunja-tang would act effectively on stroke. Methods : In this study, a network pharmacology analysis method was used, and oral bioavailability (OB), drug likeness (DL), Caco-2 and BBB permeability were utilized to select compounds with potential activity. For the values of each variable used in this study, OB ≥ 30%, DL ≥ 0.18, Caco-2 ≥ 0, and BBB ≥ 0.3 were applied. Using the above variables, the relations between target genes and diseases that are presumed to be involved in the selected bioavailable compounds were constructed in a network format, and proteins thought to play a major role were identified. Results : Among the compounds included in Sagunja-Tang, 26 bioavailable compounds were selected and it was confirmed that these compounds can be effectively used in cerebrovascular diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. These compounds are considered to act on proteins related in cell death and growth. The most important mechanism of action was predicted to be apoptosis, and the protein that is thought to play the most key action in this mechanism was caspase-3. Conclusions : In our future study, Sagunja-Tang will be used in an ischemic stroke mouse model, and the mechanism of action will be explored focusing on apoptosis and cell proliferation.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

Single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) and positron emission tomography(PET) are modern imaging techniques that allow for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of hemodynamic changes in cerebrovascular diseases. SPECT has been becoming an indispensable method to investigate regional cerebral blood flow because equipment and isotope are easily available in most general hospitals. Acetazolamide stress SPECT has also been proved to be useful to evaluate the cerebrovascular reserve of occlusive cerebrovascular diseases and to select surgical candidate. PET has gained wide spread clinical use in the evaluation of the hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of extracranial or intracranial arterial obstructive disease despite its complexity and limited availability. PET has been established as an invaluable tool in the pathophysilogy investigation of acute ischemic stroke. The potentials, limitations, and clinical applications of SPECT and PET in various cerebrovascular diseases will be discussed in this article with reviews of literatures.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.369-381
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• 2022

Objectives: Hyperlipidemia (HL) is a major cause of ischemic heart diseases. The size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a cardioprotective phenomenon, is reduced in HL, possibly because of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The objective of this study is to see what effect pretreatment with Inula racemose Hook root extract (IrA) had on IPC-mediated cardioprotection on HL Wistar rat hearts. An isolated rat heart was mounted on the Langendorff heart array, and then ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and IPC cycles were performed. Atractyloside (Atr) is an MPTP opener. Methods: The animals were divided into ten groups, each consisting of six rats (n = 6), to investigate the modulation of I. racemosa Hook extract on cardioprotection by IPC in HL hearts: Sham control, I/R Control, IPC control, I/R + HL, I/R + IrA + HL, IPC + HL, IPC + NS + HL, IPC + IrA+ HL, IPC + Atr + oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, integrity, and hemodynamic parameters are evaluated for each group. Results: The present experimental data show that pretreatment with IrA reduced the LDH, CK-MB, size of myocardial infarction, content of cardiac collagen, and ventricular fibrillation in all groups of HL rat hearts. This pretreatment also reduced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of MPTP opening by Atr diminished the effect of IrA on IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that pretreatment with IrA e restores IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats by inhibiting the MPTP opening.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.868-869
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• 2005

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2010

Paclitaxel has been widely used for treating many solid tumors. Although colonic toxicity is an unusual complication of paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, the reported toxicities include pseudomembranous colitis, neutropenic enterocolitis and on rare occasions ischemic colitis. $Genexol-PM^{(R)}$, which is a recently developed cremophor-free, polymeric micelle-formulated paclitaxel, has shown a more potent antitumor effect because it can increase the usual dose of paclitaxel due to that $Genexol-PM^{(R)}$ does not include the toxic cremophor compound. We report here on a case of a 57-year-old man with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and who developed ischemic colitis after chemotherapy with $Genexol-PM^{(R)}$ and cisplatin. He complained of hematochezia with abdominal pain on the left lower quadrant. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse mucosal hemorrhage and edema from the sigmoid colon to the splenic flexure. After bowel rest, he recovered from his symptoms and the follow-up colonoscopic findings showed that the mucosa was healing. Since then, he was treated with pemetrexed monotherapy instead of a paclitaxel compound and platinum.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the mortality of heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) through an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods: We used data on mortality due to cardiovascular disease from 1995 to 2018 in Japan, as determined by Vital Statistics. Age groups from 0 years to 99 years were defined by 5-year increments, and cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift. We used Bayesian APC analysis to decompose the changes in the diseases' mortality rates into age, period, and cohort effects. Results: The period effects for all diseases decreased during the analyzed periods for both men and women. The cohort effects for men increased substantially in cohorts born from around 1940 to the 1970s for all types of cardiovascular diseases. The cohort effects of HD decreased in the cohorts born in the 1970s or later for both men and women. Regarding IHD and CeVD, either a non-increase or decrease of cohort effects was confirmed for cohorts born in the 1970s or later for men, but the effects for women showed a continuously increasing trend in the cohorts born in the 1960s or later. Conclusions: The cohort effects for IHD and CeVD showed increasing trends in younger generations of women. This suggests that preventive approaches against cardiovascular diseases are needed, particularly for women.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2007

Objectives : Hypertension(HTN), diabetes mellitus(DM) and hyperlipidemia(HL) are the most common risk factors of cerebro-vascular attack(CVA). To prevent CVA, early diagnosis (awareness before CVA) of HTN, DM and HL is essential, and for the effective early diagnosis we need to analyze the data of CVA patients concerned with HTN, DM and HL. In this study, we studied characteristics of patients early diagnosed before CVA. Methods : We analyzed the data of 363 patients with acute ischemic stroke from Hanbang Stroke Registry supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea. Subjects' enrollment was done in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in the metropolitan region from October 2005 to October 2006. We analyzed all registered data about HTN. DM and HL, for example, how many patients were aware of their HTN, DM or HL before CVA, differences in characteristics of early diagnosed patients, effects of early diagnosis on CAV, etc. Results : Patients aware of their HTN. DM and HL before CVA have more past history and family history about HTN, DM or HL. Early diagnosis rate of HL is lower than HTN and DM, and early diagnosed HL patients were younger and deucated longer than patients who weren't aware of their HL before CVA. These results mean that publicity is the key to promoting early diagnosis rates of HTN, DM and HL. In DM and HL, early diagnosed patients had more SVO type cerebral infarction than patients who weren't aware of risk factors. We can thus see that early diagnosis even affects CVA types. Conclusion : This work helps us to understand the realities and importance of early diagnosis of HTN, DM and HL before CVA. There should be further research, which can contribute to much more improved early diagnosis rates of HTN, DM and HL.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.198-202
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• 2006

목 적 : Fas는 세포표면 수용체로 세포사멸 신호를 전도한다. 많은 질환에서 세포표면의 Fas가 Fas ligand(FasL)와 결합하여 세포사멸 과정을 유발하게 된다. 연구자들은 7일된 신생 흰쥐에 저산소성 허혈성 손상을 유발한 후 뇌 해마에서 Fas와 FasL의 발현을 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 7일된 신생 흰쥐를 오른쪽 총 경동맥 영구 결찰 후 8% 산소에 2시간 노출시켰다. 저산소성 허혈성 손상 후 12, 24, 48시간에 뇌를 적출 냉동 보관하였다. Western blotting 방법과 면역형광염색 방법으로 냉동 보관된 뇌의 경동맥을 결찰한 오른 쪽 해마에서 Fas와 FasL의 발현을 관찰하였다. 결 과 : Fas와 FasL의 발현은 저산소성 허혈성 손상 후 12시간에 경동맥이 결찰된 오른쪽 해마에서 크게 증가하고 이후 감소하는 것을 western blotting 방법에 의해 관찰하였다. Fas와 FasL의 면역형광발현은 오른쪽 해마의 CA1 영역에서 손상 후 12시간과 24시간에 대조군에 비해 증가하였다. Fas의 면역형광 발현은 손상 후 48시간에 감소하였으나 FasL의 면역형광발현은 손상 후 48시간에도 지속되었다. 결 론 : 세포표면에서 Fas와 FasL의 발현과 그들의 결합은 저산소성 허혈성 손상을 받은 미성숙 뇌의 신경세포 손상에 기여할 것으로 추측되었다.