• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2023

Because of its inexpensive cost, mild steel is frequently employed as a construction material in different industries. Unfortunately, because of its limited resistance to corrosion, a protective layer must be applied to keep it from decaying in acidic or basic environments. The presence of heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and pi-electrons in the Schiff base could cause effective adsorption on the mild steel surface, preventing corrosion. The weight loss method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of APIDO on mild steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid environment. The efficiency of inhibition increased as the inhibitor concentration increased and decreased as the temperature increased. The SEM analysis confirmed that the corrosion inhibition of APIDO proceeded by the formation of an organic protective layer over the mild steel surface by the adsorption process. Simulations based on the density functional theory are used to associate inhibitory efficacy with basic molecular characteristics. The findings acquired were compatible with the experimental information provided in the research.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2013

Denim washing is processed with different washing techniques such as stone washing, chemical washing, sand washing, and bio washing. Cellulase bio washing can meet environmental regulations that enhance and rectify problems associated with traditional decolorization techniques; however, stone washing needs to be added to the processing because it produces a low decolorization effect. There is also the problem of additional strength reduction. To prevent these problems, a new enzyme for bio washing is required. This study examines the optimum laccase treatment conditions on denim and evaluated the characteristics of laccase-treated denims to establish a database of eco-friendly new decolorization process on denim using a new laccase enzyme. The results show that the optimum conditions of laccase on denim are a pH of 4.0, $30^{\circ}C$, 7% (o.w.f.), and 6 hours in 10 mM of buffer concentration. UV absorbance and HPLC identified isatin coexist with anthranilic acid in solution after laccase treatment on denim. Results of the surface color, the surface morphology and the tensile strength indicate that laccase treatment shows an excellent decolorization effect without fiber damage. The wet cleaning fastness and the perspiration fastness also improved.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Indigo Naturalis (IN) is a dark blue powder obtained by processing leaves or stems of indigo plants, its anticancer effects have been reported in several studies. However, the pharmacological mechanism of IN in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is not elucidated. In this study, to investigate the anticancer efficacy of IN for SCLC, we presented potential active ingredients, SCLC-related targets, and pharmacological mechanisms of IN that are expected to have anticancer activity for SCLC using a network pharmacological analysis. The phytochemical compounds of IN have been collected through TCMSP, SymMap, or HPLC documents. The active ingredients of IN such as indirubin, indican, isatin, and tryptanthrin were selected through ADME parameters or literature investigations for each compound. Using the Compounds, Disease-Target associations Databases, 124 common targets of IN and SCLC were obtained. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out. GO biological processes are associated with response to xenobiotic stimulus, positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, regulation of mitotic cell cycle, and regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway. KEGG disease pathways included Gastric cancer, Bladder cancer, SCLC, and Melanoma. The main anticancer targets of the IN for SCLC were analyzed in 14 targets, including BCL2, MYC, and TP53. In conclusion, the results of this study based on the network pharmacology of IN can provide important data for the effective prevention and treatment of SCLC.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.166-177
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• 2022

시베트 하이르한 유적은 알타이지역 바양 울기 아이막 가운데 쳉겔 솜에 위치하며 다양한 유적이 확인된 유라시아 초원의 중요한 지역이다. 본 연구에서는 몽골 시베트 하이르한 유적의 1~3세기 선비 시기 고분에서 출토된 직물의 섬유와 염료의 특성을 조사하였다. 섬유 식별을 위해 현미경 관찰과 감쇠전반사 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광기를 이용해 분석한 결과, 녹색과 황색 직물은 견직물로 확인되었다. 염료의 분석은 비파괴 분석이 가능한 자외-가시광분광광도계를 이용하여 염직물의 표면 반사도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 녹색 직물은 인디고 염료의 반사스펙트럼과 유사하게 나타났다. 또한 기체 크로마토그래피-질량분석기를 이용한 성분 분석 결과에서도 인디고 염료의 이사틴과 인디고틴이 검출되었다. 이사틴과 인디고틴은 인디고 염료의 특성 성분으로 선비 시기 고분의 녹색 직물은 인디고 염료를 사용하여 염색한 것을 알 수 있었다. 황색 직물은 반사스펙트럼과 기체 크로마토그래피-질량분석 결과 염료의 종류를 규명하기 어려웠다. 인디고 식물은 수천 년 전부터 청색계 염색에 사용하는 염료이자 전 세계에 다수 종이 분포한다. 선비 시기 고분에서 출토된 직령의(直領衣)는 약 1,800년의 시간이 지났음에도 녹색 직물에서 인디고 염료 성분인 인디고틴과 이사틴이 잘 남아있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 직물 문화재에 대한 과학적 조사는 보존처리, 원형 복원, 전시 및 보존환경 조성 등을 위해 필수적인 과정이다. 앞으로도 관련 연구가 활성화되어 당시 생활 문화 해석과 직물 문화재의 보존처리 및 보존환경 조성에 도움이 되길 기대한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2024

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Indigo Naturalis (IN) in treating a Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The objective is to comprehensively examine the effects and pharmacological mechanisms of IN on IBD, assessing its potential as an novel treatment for IBD. Analysis of 11 selected papers is conducted to understand the effects of IN, focusing on compounds like indirubin, isatin, indigo, and tryptanthrin. This study evaluates their impact on Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Additionally, It investigate into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) pathway activation, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibition, and modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)/NF-κB and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. Immunomodulatory effects on T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg cell) balance and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3-β) expression are also explored. Furthermore, the study addresses the role of IN in restoring intestinal microbiota diversity, reducing pathogenic bacteria, and increasing beneficial bacteria. The findings reveal that IN, particularly indirubin and indigo, demonstrates significant improvements in DAI score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in DSS-induced colitis mice. The anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to the activation of the AhR pathway, inhibition of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of immune responses. These results exhibit the potential of IN in IBD treatment. Notably, the restoration of intestinal microbiota diversity and balance further supports its efficacy. IN emerges as a promising and effective treatment for IBD, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects and positive outcomes in preclinical studies. However, potential side effects necessitate further investigation for safe therapeutic development. The study underscores the need for future research to explore a broader range of active ingredients in IN to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety.